• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.9
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• pp.53-74
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• 1982

On admet Jusqu'ici que le XVe siecle est une $\acute{e}poque$ phare de l'histoire de l'imprimerie avec l'apparition de la typographie en Orient et en Occident, $c'est-\acute{a}-dire$ en $Cor\acute{e}e$ sur le Rhim. Cependant, $l'\acute{e}poque$ de l'invention typographique en $Cor\acute{e}e$ doit $\hat{e}tre$ $devanc\acute{e}e$ encore d'un ou deux siecle. Outre cette question, il est $\acute{a}$ noter ici que les caracteres mobiles $m\acute{e}talliques$ Kyemi, fondus en 1403, ont $jou\acute{e}$ un $r\hat{o}le$ $tr\acute{e}s$ important dans l'histoire de la typographie mondiale et que les $caract\acute{e}res$ kabin qui leur $succ\acute{e}derent$ en 1434 menerent la typographie $cor\acute{e}enne$ a son $apog\acute{e}e$. Or, les recherches $cor\acute{e}ennes$ se satifait de la primaute de l'invention en Coree des caracteres mobiles metalliques, mais n'adoptent pas une attitude suffisament critique. Aussi, l'auteur a-toil voulu s'interroger sur la veritable valeur de la typographie de la dynastie de Choson tant au point de vue de l'histoire de l'imprimerie mondiale. En premier lieu, on etudie, comme une chronique, les caracteres mobiles metalliques importants tout au long de la dynastie de Choson sans donner une interpretation nouvelle. C'est dans deux derniers, qu'on essaie de developper ses idees sur la typographie en Coree notamment la question technologique qui devrait etre le fond des recherches. Aussi, on y etudie, la technique de la typographie ancienne en Coree interpretee selon une methode scientifique et moderne et, enfin, le bilan synthetique en cherchant les raisons qui freinerent son developpement en Coree malgre la performance de ses debuts. A l'issue de ces recherches, on ne peut s'empecher d'eprouver une certaine insatisfaction a cause de l'ambiguite des explications que l'on trouve dans des documents fondamentaux. Avec ce difficulte on a voulu, au moins, exposer des points discutatables qui devraient etre les recherches a futur.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 1997

The recent hypothesis about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has been centered mainly on two theories, i.e. dopamine hypothesis and serotonin hypothesis. We investigate the correlations between plasma monoamine metabolite concentrations and clinical symptoms in schizophrenic patients. The first purpose of our study was to examine whether the plasma levels of HVA(homovanillic acid) and 5-HIAA(hydroxyindoleacetic acid) are significantly different in schizophrenics, compared to normal controls. And, with the intention of clarifying the interaction between dopaminergic system and serotoninergic system, the ratio of HVA/5-HIAA also was measured. The second purpose was whether the basal(pre-treatment) levels of these metabolites show the correlation with clinical symptoms. Finally, third purpose was whether basal HVA and 5-HIAA levels can be held as a predictor of treatment response. We used Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms(SANS) as the clinical symptom rating scales. Our results were as followed, 1) only the level of basal plasma HVA was significantly differ in schizophrenics. 5-HIAA and HVA/5-HIAA were not. 2) basal HVA showed significant correlation with SAPS score, especially delusion subscale. 3) the higher was the basal HVA level, the more improvement in clinical symptoms was observed. The basal 5-HIAA level and the HVA/5-HIAA ratio did not show any significant findings. These results support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, but fail to examine on the possible involvement of serotonin in schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

Voltage sags caused by line faults in transmission and distribution lines have become one of the most important power quality problems facing industrial customers and utilities. Voltage sags are normally described by characteristics of both magnitude and duration, but phase angle shifts should be taken account in identifying sag phenomena and finding their solutions. In this paper, voltage sags due to line faults such as three phase-to-ground, single line-to-ground, and line-to-line faults are characterized by using symmetrical component analysis, for fault impedance variations. Voltage sags and their effect on the magnitude and phase angle are examined. Balanced sags of three phase-to-ground faults show that voltages and currents are changed with equivalent levels to all phases and the zero sequence components become zero. However, for unbalanced faults such as single line-to-ground and line-to-line faults, voltage sags give different magnitude variations and phase angle shifts for each phase. In order to verify the analyzed results, some simulations based on power circuit models are also discussed.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2011

파랑의 전파와 변형에 대한 연구에는 수심방향으로 적분한 2차원방정식인 완경사방정식과 Boussinesq 방정식을 기반으로 한 수치모형을 이용한 연구가 최근까지 가장 활발하게 진행되어 오고 있다. 그러나 실제 구조물의 설계에는 2차원 수치모형에서 고려할 수 없는 수심방향 유속에 기인한 정확도의 문제로 인해 구조물의 형상과 재원을 설계하기 위한 정교한 수치모형실험이 어려워 주로 수리모형실험에 의존해 왔다. 수리모형실험은 실제 현상을 가장 잘 재현해낼 수 있어 신뢰성이 매우 높지만 다양한 실험을 수행하기가 어렵고 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되는 단점이 있다. 이에 따라 최근 수심방향으로 완전한 운동방정식인 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 푸는 3차원 수치모형에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이론적으로 매우 우수한 모형이긴 하나 정확도 높은 결과를 얻기 위해서는 매우 조밀한 격자를 필요로 하기 때문에 아직까지 막대한 계산시간이 필요하다는 단점이 있으나 컴퓨터 기술이 급격한 속도로 발전하고 있어 Navier-Stokes 방정식 모형의 적용 가능성은 계속 높아지고 있다. 파랑변형을 다루는 수치모형실험을 수행할 때 외부조파를 사용할 경우 구조물이나 지형에 의해 반사되어 나온 파랑이 조파지점에 도달할 때 실험영역으로 재 반사되는 문제가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 내부조파기법의 개발에 대한 연구가 필수적이었으며, 자유수면변위를 변수로 사용하는 모형의 경우 그 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행되어 왔다. 한편, Navier-Stokes 방정식 모형의 경우 자유수면변위를 변수로 사용하는 2차원 모형에 비해 상대적으로 연구가 미흡하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 연직 2차원 Navier-Stokes 방정식 모형에 사용된 연속방정식에 질량 원천항을 추가하는 내부조파기법을 도입하여 3차원 수치모형에서 고립파를 내부조파하고, 급경사에서의 고립파의 처오름 및 처내림 현상을 수리모형 실험결과와 비교 및 분석하였다. 수치모형은 Navier-Stokes 방정식을 엇갈림 격자체계에서 계산하는 동수압 모형으로서, Two-step projection 기법을 사용하는 유한차분모형을 사용하였다. 본 수치모형은 난류의 해석을 위해서 상대적으로 큰 에디(eddy)만을 고려하는 SANS(spatially averaged Navier-Stokes) 방정식을 계산하는 LES(large-eddy-simulation) 기반의 수치모형으로, 난류 모델링을 위해 Smagorinsky LES 모형을 사용한다. 또한, 압력장의 계산을 위해 Bi-CGSTAB 기법을 이용하여 Poisson 방정식의 해를 구하였으며, 자유수면 추적을 위하여 2차 정확도의 VOF(volume-of-fluid) 기법을 사용하였다. 수치모형실험이 전체적으로 수리모형실험에서 관측한 파랑의 처오름 및 처내림 현상을 잘 재현하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 정량적인 비교를 통해 수치모형의 성능을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2004

This paper presents a priori and the local font classification method. The font classification uses ascenders, descenders, and serifs extracted from a word image. The gradient features of those sub-images are extracted, and used as an input to a neural network classifier to produce font classification results. The font classification determines 2 font styles (upright or slant), 3 font groups (serif sans-serif or typewriter), and 7-font names (Postscript fonts such as Avant Garde, Helvetica, Bookman, New Century Schoolbook, Palatine, Times, and Courier). The proposed a priori and local font classification method allows an OCR system consisting of various font-specific character segmentation tools and various mono-font character recognizers. Experiments have shown font classification accuracies reach high performance levels of about 95.4 percent even with severely touching characters. The technique developed for tile selected 7 fonts in this paper can be applied to any other fonts.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1277-1281
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• 2020

A novel ceramic Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has been developed to meet the demand of high counting rate for the neutron detection which is an alternative to ³He-based detector at China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). An experiment was performed to measure the neutron transmittance of ceramic-GEM and FR4-GEM at the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument. The result showed the ceramic-GEM has higher transmittance and less self-scattering especially for cold neutrons. One single ceramic GEM could give a gain of 10²-10⁴ in the mixture gas of Ar and CO₂ (90%:10%) and its energy resolution was about 27.7% by using ⁵⁵Fe X ray of 5.9 keV. A prototype has been developed in order to investigate the performances of the ceramic GEM-based neutron detector. Several neutron beam tests, including detection efficiency, spatial resolution, two-dimensional imaging, and wavelength spectrum, were carried out at CSNS and China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR). The results show that the ceramic GEM-based neutron detector is a good candidate to measure the high intensity neutrons.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.117-129
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• 2020

Just as the name 'aesthetics' implies, the meaning of 'aisthesis' or 'sense' in Greek, is perceived as an important element in modern social design. Gilles Deleuze emphasized sensory expression over the rational side of the body, and argued for sensory theory, which is the theory of how painting produces new senses. The purpose of this study was to theoretically examine the sensory theory of Deleuze, which has given new value to the senses, apply it to analyze the body expression method shown in the Iris van Herpen collection, and derive its aesthetic characteristics. In his sensory theory, Deleuze argued that the senses can be expressed by the embodiment of force and rhythm, and one can only create art through the senses. To develop one's philosophical logic through Bacon's painting, we divided it into Hysteria, Cops sans organs, Diagram, Becoming, and Paired figures. Based on these analyses, the visualization of the senses in Iris van Herpen fashion resulted in hysteria, organ-free body, diagrams, and heterogeneity combinations. Analysis of the method of expression revealed rhythmicity, atypicality, scalability, and reproducibility as expression characteristics. Applying Deleuze's sensory theory to access experimental Iris van Herpen's fashion could confirm that there was an open system's accessibility. Deleuze's sensory theory, which has given a new value to the senses, will further help to understand modern fashion design in a wide and diverse way and discover the intrinsic value within it.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2001

This essay seeks new possibilities in experimental thinking and to find ways in which philosophy can aid humanistic imagination. In emphasizing logical precision, philosophy has so far ignored the role of imagination in philosophical logic and limited itself to deductive logic. Despite the obvious fact that no degree of logical precision can fully account for, nor provide complete expression for, the vast range of human thought, other modes of thinking have suffered in the shadow of deductive logic. But these non-deductive models of thinking can in many cases better explain the emotive, aesthetic logic of the humanities. The kinds of models (deductive and non-deductive) in humanistic thinking include dialectic, abductive, analogic, pragmatic, inductive, and deductive logic. Each mode of logical thinking may be assigned a color that represents its emotive characteristics: red for dialectics (opposition): blue for abduction (transcendence); yellow for analogy (flexibility); green for pragmatics (peace); violet/purple for induction (fantasy); and finally orange for deduction (trust). And each mode can also be keyed to major areas in humanistic thought, making up the following connections: dialectic-red-history; abduction-blue-literature; analogy-yellow-philosophy ; pragmatics-green-religion ; induction-violet/purple-arts; and deduction-orange-science. These connections serve to illustrate the interrelationship between emotion and intelligence, leading us toward considerations of emotional intelligence and intelligent emotion. The former is increasingly gaining attention, as the effect of 'mood space' on intelligence is being scrutinized. That the rate of suicide among mathematicians is very high points to the need for careful study of the reverse relationship between emotion and intelligence, intelligent emotion. The need for the latter is all the more pressing, as the emergence of new technology is allowing, even forcing, us more and more to experience the world intellectually (i.e., sans emotive experience) through a new virtual space called cyberspace.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.604-604
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• 2013

차세대 반도체 분야인 스핀트로닉스 소자의 필수적인 물질인 강자성-반도체 하이브리드 물질인 Dilute magnetic semiconductor (DMS)에 관한 연구가 최근 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 그중에서 넓은 에너지 밴드 갭 에너지(3.37 eV)를 가지고 있고 상온에서 엑시톤 결합 에너지가 ~60 mV로 광전자 소자, 전계 디스플레이 에 응용이 가능한 물질인 ZnO는 최근에 전이금속을 도핑하여 상온에서 강자성 특성을 나타내어 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나, 이 물질에 대한 특성과 자성의 원인 규명에 관한 연구는 논란이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Mn이 도핑된 ZnO 나노 입자를 만들고, Mn 물질의 도핑 농도에 따른 ZnO 나노 입자의 구조, 크기 및 자기 구조를 측정하여 구조와 자성의 상관관계에 관한 연구하였다. ZnxMn1-xO 나노 입자는 화학적 졸-겔(sol-gel) 방법을 이용하여 준비하였다. ZnxMn1-xO 나노 입자의 크기 및 격자 구조적 특징은 XRD (X-ray diffraction)와 TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering)를 이용하여 측정하였고 물질의 자기적 특징은 SQUID를 이용하여 조사하였다. Mn 도핑이 증가함에 따라 격자간격이 커지고 나노 입자의 크기는 감소하였으며, Zn와 Mn의 성장 시, 비율이 9:1의 경우에 상온에서 강자성 특성이 나타남을 보았다. 그 이상의 Mn 도핑 비율에서는 상자성 특성이 나타남을 보았다. 본 연구를 통하여 스핀트로닉스 소자 응용을 위한 ZnO 나노 입자에 최적의 Mn 도핑 농도를 제시하고 나노 입자의 자기 특성 형성의 원인 및 모델을 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1996

We have previously reported that Korean schizophrenic patients hove low production of IL-2 in vitro suggestive of autoimmunity to the pathogenesis of the disorder. In an attempt to further explore this issue, we measured in vivo serum levels of interleukins(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, and IL-6) using a quantitative "sandwich" enzyme immunoassay(ELISA) in 26 male schizophrenic patients and in 26 age-matched normal controls. Patients met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and were drug free for at least six months. The severity of symptoms was assessed by SANS and SAPS. We found a significant increase of IL-2 level(p<0.05) in schizophrenic patients as compared with normal controls. There were significant positive correlations between IL-2, IL-6 levels and negative symptom scores. There were no correlations between age, age at onset, duration of illness and interleukin levels. Our results may support the hypothesis of viral-autoimmune dysfunction in schizophrenia. IL-2 or IL-6 may be associated with specific clinical feature in schizophrenic syndrome, especially negative symptom.