• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical components, and antioxidative and $anti-{\alpha}-glucosidase$ activities of Equisetum arvense extracts. In Equisetum arvense extracts were composed of 53.20% of crude fiber, 20.42% of crude ash, 15.32% of crude protein and 2.21% of crude fat. Potassium was the most predominant mineral and followed by phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and sodium. The contents of the unsaturated fatty acids, such as linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid, were higher than those of saturated fatty acids. Seventy percent ethanol extract exhibited antioxidative activity with $IC_{50}$ of $168.1\;{\mu}g/ml$. The Seventy percent methanol extract showed higher ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity than other solvent extracts.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation from the aerial part of erect bur-marigold (Bidens tripartita L.), one of the noxious weed in paddy field. The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fragrance of the essential oil was green, herbal, oily, spicy. There were 42 constituents in the essential oil：17 hydrocarbons, 6 alcohols, 6 acetates, 5 N-containing compounds, 3 ethers, 3 ketones, 1 lactone and 1 S-containing compound. Major constituents were ${\alpha}$-phellandrene (22.50%), ${\alpha}$-pinene (22.21%), 2,4-dimethyl (2,5-dimethylphenyl) methyl ester benzoic acid (15.11%), limonene (10.66%), ${\beta}$-pinene (35.43%), and ${\beta}$-cubebene (5.27%). The $IC_{50}$ value in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line was 0.018%. However, attachment of patch with 0.1% of the erect bur-marigold essential oil for 24 hr did not show any skin toxicity. Overall results of this study suggest that the essential oil of erect bur-marigold could be used as a source for the development of perfumery industrial products.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1992

Allanite crystals rich in rare-earth elements(REE) occur in soil developed on top of anorthositic rocks in the Jungsu-ri area of Okjong-myun, Hadong-run, where large Ti orebodies are embedded in the bed rock. In this study allanite is investigated mainly by transmitted light microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, atomic absoption spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrocopy. In addition, its specific gravity and micro=indentation hardness value are measured. Allanite occurs with max. dimension of $3cm{\times}6cm$ and coexists with quartz, epidote, zircon, biotite and muscovite. It shows nearly nonmetamict crystallinity, although ${\alpha}$-particles bombardment from the disintegration of the radioactive element Th is detected by an autoradiography. The allanite is particularly enriched in REE(19.88-23.99 wt.%), but is deficient in CaO(8.35-10.29wt.%). Genesis of the allanite in this area is not understood yet. It is, however, assumed to have been formed from magmatic fluid rich in REE and Ti, based on the facts that it ocexists with zircon and that it has high $TiO_2$(0.89-1.13 wt.%) whose concentration is significant in the country rocks.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.1 s.36
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• pp.129-150
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• 2006

Mineral potential mapping is an important procedure in mineral resource assessment. The purpose of this study is to analyze mineral potential using weight of evidence model and a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to identify areas that have not been subjected to the same degree of exploration. For this, a variety of spatial geological data were compiled, evaluated and integrated to produce a map of potential mineral in the Gangreung area, Korea. for this, a spatial database considering mineral deposit, topographic, geologic, geophysical and geochemical data was constructed for the study area using a GIS. The used mineral deposits were non-metallic(Kaolin, Porcelainstone, Silicastone, Mica, Nephrite, Limestone and Pyrophyllite) deposits of sedimentary type. The factors relating to mineral deposits were the geological data such as lithology and fault structure, geochemical data, including the abundance of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, V, Zn, $Cl^-,\;F^-,\;{PO_4}^{3-},\;{NO_2}^-,\;{NO_3}^-,\;SO_{42-}$, Eh, PH and conductivity and geophysical data, including the Bouguer and magnetic anomalies. These factors were used with weight of evidence model to analyze mineral potential. Probability models using the weight of evidence were applied to extract the relationship between mineral deposits and related factors, and the ratio were calculated. Then the potential indices were calculated by summation of the likelihood ratio and mineral potential maps were constructed from Geographic Information System (GIS). The mineral potential maps were then verified by comparison with the known mineral deposit areas. The result showed the 85.66% in prediction accuracy.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.33
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• pp.125-148
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• 2012

The Octagonal nine storied pagoda of Woljeongsa Temple consists mainly of granite with the rockforming minerals quartz, plagioclase, microcline, and biotite. The surface of the stone stupa is light brown that has been discolored by the rust from the metal ornament and aids. The surface of the stylobate and roof stone is colonized by biological contaminants. Therefore, a comprehensive deterioration diagnosis was carried out in this study, and conservation treatment was conducted. It was proven that the $Fe^{2+}$ yield increases depending on the count of poultice used with oxalic acid, but the $Mg^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$, and $Ca^{2+}$ yields were marginal following the preliminary test. Therefore, the use of poultice is an effective way of removing the rust, and only marginally influences the rock. The biological contaminants were removed through dry cleaning, and the soil located under the contaminants was removed through wet cleaning. Based on this, the dry and wet cleaning of all the biological contaminants, and the use of poultice with oxalic acid, were done to remove the rust. For the conservation treatment of the metal ornament, the rust was removed through physical cleaning, and anticorrosion treatment was performed on the iron ornament using Renaissance wax and copper ornament by BTA.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1993

Mineralogical characteristics of tosudite from the Sungsan and Bubson mines were studied and correlated using X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical analysis and electron microscopy. Tosudite occurs as an alteration product of Cretaceous volcanoclastic rocks in both mines. It is associated with microcrystalline quartz, dickite, illite/smectite or mica/smectite mixed-layer mineral. It forms cryptocrystalline aggregates with flaky habit. XRD analysis suggests that tosudite is an 1:1regularly interstratified dioctahedral smetite/dioctahedral chlorite. Bubsoo tosudite has more(00ℓ ) reflections and more periodice stacking sequence than Syngsan tosudite. Chemical analysis shows that tosudite is a Li-bearing aluminous 1:1 regularly interstrattified mineral composed of K-bedellite and donbassite. Cookeite component may be present in the chlorite layer. Bubsoo tosudite is more Al in tetrahedral site and Ca in interlayer, but less Al in octahedral site than Sugsan tosudite. Tosudite may be formed as the intermediate alteration products, forming after muscovite and before illite/smectite or mica/s$^{\circ}C$mectite, with the range from 100 $^{\circ}C$ to 360 ~ 480 $^{\circ}C$. The hydrothermal solution forming tosudite may be acidic solution with high activities of Si and Al.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Low Impact Development (LID) techniques are eco-friendly storm water management process for water circulation restoration and non-point pollutant reduction. In this study, four LID techniques (Small constructed wetland, Infiltration trench box, Infiltration trench, Vegetated swale) were selected and installed as a real size at the real site. All facilities were evaluated as monitoring under the real environmental climate situation and an artificial rain with exceeding design rainfall. In various rainfall, runoff reduction efficiency and non-point pollutant removal efficiency are increased to the bigger Surface Area of LID (SA)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio and the bigger Storage Volume of LID (SV)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio. Runoff did not occur at all rainfall event (max. 17.2 mm) in infiltration trench and vegetated swale. But Small constructed wetland was more efficient at less than 10 mm, a efficiency of infiltration trench box was similar at different rainfall. Although different conditions (such as structural material of LID, rainfall flow rate, antecedent dry periods), LID techniques are good effects not only water circulation improvement but also water quality improvement.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2024

In this study, LiDAR-detectable black hollow-structured materials are synthesized using different reducing agents to evaluate their applicability to LiDAR sensor. Initially, white SiO₂/TiO₂ core/shell (WST) materials are fabricated via a sol-gel method, followed by a reduction using ascorbic acid (AA) and sodium borohydride (SB). After the reduction, subsequent etching of the SiO₂ core leads to the formation of two different black hollow-structured materials (AA-BHT and SB-BHT). The lightness (L^*) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance (R%) of AA-BHT are measured as ca. 19.1 and 34.5 R%, and SB-BHT shows values of ca. 11.5 and 31.8 R%, respectively. While AA-BHT exhibits higher NIR reflectance compared to SB-BHT, it displays slightly lower blackness. Compared with core/shell structured materials, improved NIR reflectance of both AA-BHT and SB-BHT is attributed to the morphology of hollow- structured materials, which increase light reflection at the interface between air and black TiO₂ according to the Fresnel's reflection principle. Consequently, both AA-BHT and SB-BHT are effectively detected by the commercially available LiDAR sensors, validating their suitability as black materials for autonomous vehicle and environment.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2011

The present study investigates supralaryngeal articulatory characteristics of denti-alveolar (coronal) stops /t, $t^h$, $t^*$/ and /n/ in /aCa/ context in Seoul Korean. An Electromagnetic Articulograph (EMA, Carstens) was used to explore kinematics of the consonants by examining the kinematic data of the tongue tip (the primary articulator for the coronal consonants), along with some additional supplementary position data of the tongue body, the tongue dorsum and the jaw. The results showed that the constriction duration was the most robust articulatory correlates of the three-way stop contrast with a pattern of /t/$t^h$/$t^*$/. The contrast was further reinforced by the tongue body position (higher for /$t^h$, $t^*$/) and the tongue tip opening displacement (less displaced for /$t^h$, $t^*$/). The articulation of /n/ was quite similar to that of the lenis /t/ in terms of the constriction duration, and it was different from the oral stops in that it was produced with larger tongue tip displacement and lower jaw position than the oral stops, indicating its weak articulatory nature. The results are also discussed in comparison with those of bilabial stops with implications that the three-way contrast may be kinematically expressed differently depending on the physiological constraints imposed on the primary articulator (the tongue tip versus the lips). The present study, therefore, provides new articulatory (kinematic) data of denti-alveolar consonants in Korean, and demonstrates that the three-way stops, that have been known to differ primarily in their laryngeal settings, are indeed produced with kinematic distinctions at the supralaryngeal level.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2011

In order to exploit Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 as of plant growth promoting agent, different inoculation methods have been evaluated. The present study aimed to evaluate soil, foliar, and soil+foliar inoculations of M. oryzae CBMB20 to improve the growth, fruit yield, and nutrient uptake of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions. The population range of green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged M. oryzae CBMB20 using the three inoculation methods was 2.5-2.9 ${\log}_{10}$ cfu/g in the rhizosphere and 4.5-6.0 ${\log}_{10}$ cfu/g in the phyllosphere of red pepper plants. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results confirmed the colonization of M. oryzae CBMB20 endophytically on leaf surface. Plant height, fruit dry weight, and total biomass were significantly higher ($p{\leq}0.05$) in all M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation methods as compared to non-inoculated control. Furthermore, uptake of mineral nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in red pepper plants in all M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation methods was higher than in non-inoculated control. Comparative results of inoculation methods clearly demonstrated that soil+foliar inoculation of M. oryzae CBMB20 lead to the highest biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake which may be due to its efficient colonization in the red pepper rhizosphere and phyllosphere.