• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1219-1224
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the possibility of hepatotoxicity by supplemental foods or folk herbs such as Salvia Plebeia R. Br. Methods: A hospitalized male patient with alcoholic liver disease and electrolyte imbalance had recovered, and then followed by rapid hepatic serum enzymes after taking S. Plebeia. This study monitored the clinical outcome and biochemical parameters. Result: A 58-year male had drunk frequently, which led to alcoholic steatohepatitis and hospitalization. Two weeks after his discharge from hospital, he felt nausea, dizziness, and mild difficulties in speech and walking, resulting in re-hospitalization at the Korean Medical Hospital. The symptoms disappeared on correction of the electrolyte imbalance suspected to have been caused by severe sweating while working in the outdoors, and the patient was discharged. During treatment and monitoring of his health as an outpatient, the serum hepatic enzyme rapidly elevated approximately 10-fold in hepatic enzymes; the enzyme levels fluctuated according to whether or not he was taking the boiled water of S. Plebeia. The RUCAM score was 12, which met the criteria for toxic hepatitis by S. Plebeia. His general condition and abnormal hepatic enzymes recovered with cessation of S. Plebeia and administration of Chungganplus syrup (CGX). Conclusion: This study reports the hepatotoxic risk of Salvia Plebeia, which is commonly used as a folk remedy in Korea.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2021

Four compounds were isolated from Salvia plebeia aerial parts. Silica gel open column chromatography with a gradient elution system was used to isolate and purify these compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy were used for structural elucidation and identification, while electronic circular dichroism was used to confirm the absolute configuration. The structures were determined to be 𝛽-sitosterol (1), (-)-1S,5S,8S,10R-1-acetoxy-8-hydroxy-2-oxoeudesman-3,7(11)-dien-8,12-olide (2), ursolic acid (3), and N-methylhydroxylamine (4). Compounds 2 and 4 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Compound 2 was quantitatively analyzed via HPLC/UV. The results showed that the methanol extract of S. plebeia had a higher content of compound 2 (1.20 mg/g) than the ethanol extract (0.55 mg/g). This study could be used as a preliminary step in conducting HPLC/UV analysis of sesquiterpenoids in S. plebeia extract to assess their bioavailability and potency.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.236-243
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• 2020

Salvia plebeia R. Br. is a plant which has been used as an edible crop and traditional medicine in Asian countries. In this study, HPLC-PDA analysis and countercurrent chromatography (CCC) coupled with reversed-phase (RP) HPLC method were applied to isolate ten isolates from 3.3 g of n-butanol soluble extract from hot-water extract of S. plebeia. The use of CCC enabled us to efficiently fractionate the starting material with less sample loss and facilitate the isolation of compounds from S. plebeia extract using RP-HPLC. The isolates were determined to be caffeic acid (1), 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (2), eudebeiolide B (3), (R)-rosmarinic acid (4), homoplantaginin (5), eudebeiolide D (6), plebeiolide C (7), salpleflavone (8), eupafolin (9) and hispidulin (10) based on the spectroscopic evidence.

• 생약학회지
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• 제32권1호통권124호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

The comparison of $IC_{50}$ values of Salvia plebeia R. Br. extracts on L1210, $P388D_1$ cancer and Vero normal cell lines showed that the n-hexane soluble extract of S. plebeia R. Br. retains the most growth-inhibitory activity against tumor cell lines. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of amocla and ketoconazole as references was compared to those of other solvent extracts such as $H_2O$, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of extract had growth inhibition activity against gramnegative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and fungi $(MIC\;>\;200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ except for n-hexane extract. Seven bacterial strains were tested for in vitro susceptibility to the extract of S. plebeia R. Br. However the n-hexane extract of S. plebeia R. Br. inhibited the growth of several bacterial strains (MIC values between 100 and $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ for gram positive bacteria, $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ for P. putida).

• 생약학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2010

The Salvia plebeia R. which is the biennial plant belonging to the Labiatae department, grows naturally in the Korea entire area. Presently, its extract (SPRE) is known to have an anti-inflammation and anti-allergy activity, but there are a few evidences about it. SPRE inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated- macrophages. The co-administration of SPRE during OVA sensitization significantly reduced total IgE levels in mice. The mice who received SPRE co-administered with OVA showed a significant increase in serum OVA-specific IgG2a/b levels. Spleen-cell cultures harvested from OVA-sensitized mice showed a significant decrease in Th2 cytokine levels with a concomitant increase in Th1 cytokine levels only when SPRE co-administered with OVA. These results demonstrate that SPRE can control the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and prevent antigen-induced Th2 immune responses in mice.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2016

Background: Salvia has been widely cultivated for use in flavoring and folk medicines in many countries, including Korea and China. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying active compounds of Salvia extract and its fractions. Methods and Results: The anti-inflammatory activity was measured by assessing the inhibition of cysteinyl leukotriene production in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cells. Salvia plebeia R. Br. was found to have the most potent inhibitory activity on leukotriene production than S. japonica and S. chanroenica had. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of S. plebeia R. Br. were successively partitioned with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol and water. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed stronger anti-inflammatory activity than other solvent fractions did. The EtOAc fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography elution with a chloroform and methanol gradient system (100 : 1 ${\rightarrow}$ 1 : 1) yielding 10 fractions. Three kinds of fractions (chloroform:methanol = 20 : 1, 10 : 1 and 5 : 1) showed high inhibitory activity on leukotriene production. We confirmed the major compounds with anti-inflammatory activity from S. plebeia R. Br. Conclusions: In this study, the major components of S. plebeia that showed leukotriene production inhibitory activity were isolated using solvent extraction and silica gel column chromatography. Rosmarinic acid, hispidulin and luteolin were identified as the major compounds with anti-inflammatory effect.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.119-121
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• 2007

2004년부터 2005년까지 2년간 경남농업기술원 약초재배 포장에 재배중인 배암차즈기에서 이상증상이 발생하였다. 병징은 잎, 잎자루, 줄기 등 식물체 전부위에서 발생하였다. 식물체가 서서히 시들기 시작하면서 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 갈색 또는 암갈색으로 변색되어 결국 말라 죽는다. 균총의 색깔은 감자한천배지에서 회색이며 배지표면에 분홍색의 분생포자퇴를 형성하였다. 분생포자의 모양은 단세포, 방추형이며, 크기는 $8{\sim}17{\times}3{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$이었다. 부착기는 연한 암갈색이고 곤봉상이며 크기는 $8{\sim}11{\times}4{\sim}6\;{\mu}m$이었다. 균사생육 적온은 $25^{\circ}C$였다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 이 병원균을 Colletotrichum acutatum J. H. Simmonds에 의한 배암차즈기 탄저병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.888-894
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 배암차즈기의 항염증 효과를 알아보기 위하여 LPS 자극에 의해 활성화된 RAW264.7 대식세포에서 NO, PGE2 활성, iNOS, COX-2와 HO-1의 발현의 변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 RAW264.7 대식세포에 LPS를 처리하여 증가되어진 NO의 함량이 배암차즈기 잎 추출물을 처리한 결과 농도 의존적으로 감소되어짐을 확인할 수 있었으며, 또한 배암차즈기 잎 추출물은 NO의 생성에 관여하는 iNOS 단백질 발현과 전사단계의 iNOS의 mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 저해하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 결과로 배암차즈기 잎 추출물이 전사단계에서 저해 활성을 나타낸다는 것을 보여주었다. NO 이외의 pro-inflammatory cytokine인 PGE2 또한 배암차즈기 추출물에 의해 농도 의존적으로 감소되었으며 PGE2 생성에 관여하는 효소인 COX-2의 발현 또한 저해하는 활성을 나타내었다. 또한, 배암차즈기 잎 추출물은 HO-1 단백질 발현을 농도 의존적으로 유도하였다. 본 연구 결과 배암차즈기 추출물은 염증을 일으키는 주요인자인 NO, PGE2를 저해하였고, iNOS, COX-2의 발현, iNOS의 mRNA 발현을 억제하여 항염증 효과에 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 이는 산화적 손상으로부터 세포 보호 방어기작에 관여하는 HO-1의 발현을 증가시킴에 따라 항염증에 우수한 효과를 보였으며 항염증 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 예상된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 인공광 광질에 따른 곰보배추의 생육, 엽형 및 항산화능을 비교하였다. 정식 후 56일째에 측정된 엽장, 엽폭 및 엽수는 적색 LED(R)와 대조구인 형광등(FL) 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았고 혼합광(RB2:1)과 백색 LED(W) 처리구에서 낮았다. 엽형지수(엽장/엽폭)도 적색 LED(R)와 대조구인 형광등(FL) 처리구에서 유의적으로 높았고 혼합광(RB2:1)과 백색 LED(W) 처리구에서 낮았다. 지상부 생체중, 건물중 및 엽면적 모두 적색 LED(R) 처리구에서 가장 높았고 형광등(FL)과 청색 LED(B) 처리구가 그 다음으로 높게 나타났으며 혼합광(RB2:1)과 백색 LED(W) 처리구에서 낮았다. 잎의 수하현상은 정식 21일 이후부터 적색 LED(R)와 혼합광(RB2:1) 처리구에서만 발생하였다. 엽록소 함량은 적색 LED(R) 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 비엽중은 청색 LED(B) 처리구에서 가장 높았고 형광등(FL) 처리구에서 가장 낮았다. DPPH free radical 소거활성은 처리 간 유의차가 없었다. 위의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 형광등이 곰보배추를 실내에서 인공으로 재배 시 적합한 광원으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2017

Background: Small particles increase airway inflammation upon reaching the alveoli. Here, we investigated the protective or therapeutic effects of Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP_R) extracts on airway inflammation. Methods and Results: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of SP_R extracts, we measured their inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression of inflammatory mediators, and immune cell infiltration in MH-S alveolar macrophage cells and in the ambient particulate matter (APM)-exposed airway inflammation mice model. The SP_R extracts inhibited the production of ROS and expression of IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-17A mRNA in APM-stimulated MH-S cells. Oral administration of SP_R extracts suppressed APM-induced inflammatory symptoms, such as high alveolar wall thickness, excess collagen fibers, decreased mRNA expression of chemokines (Ccr9, Ccl5, Ccr3), inflammatory cytokines (IL-15, TNF-${\alpha}$), and IL-4 Th2 cytokine in the lung. The SP_R extracts also inhibited ROS production, granulocyte ($CD11b^+Gr-1^+$) infiltration, IL-17A, TNF-${\alpha}$, macrophage inflammatory protein (Mip-2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (Cxcl-1) production in the airway. The specific compounds in the SR-R extracts that mediate the anti-inflammatory effects were identified. Conclusions: In this study, SP_R extracts effectively inhibited airway inflammatory responses, such as ROS production and granulocyte infiltration into the airway, by regulating the expression of chemokines and inflammatory cytokines.