• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.266-270
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• 2005

The effect of the weight ratio of carbon source to nitrogen source on the growth and the composition change of fatty acids of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 was investigated. The cell concentration of 5 days' culture increased and then decreased according to the increase of C/N, The ratioes for the maximum biomass were unique respectively and distributed between 1 and 4 with the initial sugar concentration in the range of 5 g/L to 25 g/L. The biomass yield, $Y_{x/s}$ decreased along with the increase of C/N, but maintained a constant value 0.35 between 10 and 20. The composition of myristic acid $(C_{14:0})$, one component of the lipid synthesized by T. aureum, was not affected with the change of C/N, but the composition of palmitic acid $(C_{16:0})$ was around $20\%$ below 4 of C/N and decreased to $15\%$ according to C/N about 4. The compositions of oleic acid $(C_{18:1})$ and linoleic acid $(C_{18:2})$ increased from 0 to $20\%\;and\;7\%$ respectively. The composition of $\gamma-linoleic$ acid $(C_{18:3})$, however, reduced from $5\%\;to\;2\%$. EPA $(C_{20:5})$ and DPA $(C_{22:5})$ showed a tendency of reduction in the weight composition according to the increase of C/N, but DHA $(C_{22:6})$ had a trend maintaining an approximately constant value, around $40\%$, irrespective of the change of C/N.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 chairside polishing methods and laboratory polishing methods on surface roughness and $C.$ $albicans$ adhesion of polyamide denture base. Materials and methods: Using contact profilometer, the surface of polyamide specimens ($25{\times}15{\times}2mm$) was studied after conventional polishing without finishing and after chiarside polishing with 2 chiarside polishing kits and chairside-pumice polishing following finishing with tungsten carbide bur. To evaluate the adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$, $C.$ $albicans$ suspension was overlayed on the test specimen. And the specimens were incubated for 2 hours. Imprint culture method was achieved and counted the colony on the agar plate. Polished polyamide were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The statistics were conducted using one-way ANOVA and in case of difference, Scheffe test and Tamhane's T2 test were used. Results: Surface roughness (Ra) of surfaces polished with 2 chairside polishing kits had higher than conventional polishing and pumice polishing. The highest roughness value was $0.32{\pm}0.10{\mu}m$, and the lowest was $0.02{\pm}0.00{\mu}m$. The adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$ on the specimens polished with chairside polishing group and pumice polishing group were increased than conventional polishing group ($P$<.01). Conclusion: Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface and the lowest adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$. Two groups polished with Chairside polishing kits were similar with respect to surface roughness. Surface of the specimen polished with pumice is significantly smoother than 2 chairside polishing groups, but the result of $C.$ $albicans$ adhesion is that group polished with pumice was similar with 2 chairside polishing groups ($P$>.01).

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-135
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• 2021

his study classified the development process of artificial intelligence (AI) speakers through analysis of the news text of artificial intelligence (AI) speakers shown in traditional news reports, and identified the characteristics of each product by period. The theoretical background used in the analysis are news frames and topic frames. As analysis methods, topic modeling and semantic network analysis using the LDA method were used. The research method was a content analysis method. From 2014 to 2019, 2710 news related to AI speakers were first collected, and secondly, topic frames were analyzed using Nodexl algorithm. The result of this study is that, first, the trend of topic frames by AI speaker provider type was different according to the characteristics of the four operators (communication service provider, online platform, OS provider, and IT device manufacturer). Specifically, online platform operators (Google, Naver, Amazon, Kakao) appeared as a frame that uses AI speakers as'search or input devices'. On the other hand, telecommunications operators (SKT, KT) showed prominent frames for IPTV, which is the parent company's flagship business, and 'auxiliary device' of the telecommunication business. Furthermore, the frame of "personalization of products and voice service" was remarkable for OS operators (MS, Apple), and the frame for IT device manufacturers (Samsung) was "Internet of Things (IoT) Integrated Intelligence System". The econd, result id that the trend of the topic frame by AI speaker development period (by year) showed a tendency to develop around AI technology in the first phase (2014-2016), and in the second phase (2017-2018), the social relationship between AI technology and users It was related to interaction, and in the third phase (2019), there was a trend of shifting from AI technology-centered to user-centered. As a result of QAP analysis, it was found that news frames by business operator and development period in AI speaker development are socially constituted by determinants of media discourse. The implication of this study was that the evolution of AI speakers was found by the characteristics of the parent company and the process of co-evolution due to interactions between users by business operator and development period. The implications of this study are that the results of this study are important indicators for predicting the future prospects of AI speakers and presenting directions accordingly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.27-34
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• 1997

Bovine oocytes surrounded with compact cumulus cells were cultured for 20 to 22 hours($38^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$) in modified TCM-199 medium supplemented with 5% superovulated cow serum(SCS) and inseminated by in vitro capacitated spermatozoa. Day 7 to 8 embryos were equilibrated for 10 minutes in 1.3M methyl cellosolve(MC) <1.1M diethylene glycol(DEG), 1.8M ethylene glycol(EG), 1.6M propylene glycol(PG) and 1.1 M 1,3-butylene glycol(BG) solutions. They were then loaded into 0.25ml straws, placed into an alcohol bath freezer at $0^{\circ}C$, cooled from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-6^{\circ}C$ at $-1^{\circ}C$/minute, seeded, held for 10 minutes, and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing in $30^{\circ}C$ water, the embryos wee rehydrated in TCM-199 medium and then cultured for 48 hours in TCM-199 plus 5% SCS. Embryos were considered viable if they progressed to later developmental stages with a good morphology. Some of the embryos frozen in each cryoprotectant were thawed and transferred non-surgically without removing the cryoprotectant. Hatched embryos survived freezing and one-step dilution as follows : EG(50.0%), MC(53.6%), DEG(56.9%), PG(58.0%) and BG(11.5%). The survival rate of embryos cooled at -0.3^{\circ}C$ vs. $-0.5^{\circ}C$/minute was not significantly different(P<0.05), however, blastocysts hatched most often (P<0.01) in vitro when cooled at a rate of $0.3^{\circ}C$/minute(64.6%), 31/48) than at $-0.5^{\circ}C$/minute(22.6%, 12/53). Pregnancy rates resulting from embryos frozen in the different cryoprotectants were as follows : MC(48%, 10/21); DEG(30%, 3/10); EG(74%, 20/27); and PG(40%, 4/10). These results indicate that MC, DEG, EG and PG have utility as cryoprotectants for the freezing and thawing of IVF Bovine embryos.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1995

This study was performed for 182 rural persons of patients who had admitted at National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital from 21th Feb to 18th Aug, 1994. We investigated diseased history based on the data according to the kind of occupation. The results were summarized as follows : The most common occupation was no occupation(35.2%). The most common age group was 5th decade(25.3%). By the age, the most common group in cases of no occupation was over 7th decade and under 5th decade, and agriculture was over 7th decade and 6th decade. Male(83.5%) were more than female, but wasn't significantly different. The most common group in the level of education was over the graduate of high school. The group that have ever drunken(p<0.05) and smoked(p<0.01) was significantly different in labour, service, agriculture, others. Family history, combined disease, symptom were no significantly different by occupation. Both lung fields on the chest X-ray was the most common site of invasion(82.4%). In the tests of AFB smear and culture, the differences according to the occupation were not. At the time of admission, the most common group in the state of treatment was initial treatment. The multi-drug resistance tuberculosis was no significantly different by occupation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.640-655
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• 2003

Statement of problem : The beauty has a little different meaning according to a time, culture, and nation. Purpose : This study was undertaken to determine the Korean perception of the altered upper anterior dental esthetics including the lack of symmetry, the midline deviation, the gingival exposure, the inclination of incisal plane, the type of incisal plane, and the type of gingival line. Material and Method : 670 subjects were participated in this survey. A questionnaire accompanied by 12 sets of computer-manipulated images using 3D MAX 4.2 software was used to record the ranking of the geometric preference related to the anterior esthetic discrepancies in three or four degrees of alteration. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was determined by a one-way ANOVA and a t-test. Results : The results obtained were as follows: 1) The Korean perception of the anterior dental esthetics according to the subjects' occupation, sex, and age was most affected by occupation. 2) The masked image emphasizing the dentition and lips appeared stranger than the non-masked image at the same alteration. 3) The lack of symmetry, which was expressed as a unilateral discoloration of the tooth, showed incongruity in any teeth of the anterior dentition. The incongruity was more severe as the degree occurred closer to the midline. 4) The deviation of midline was showed more severe strangeness as the degree of deviation increased. However, more than half of the subjects did not perceive a deviation of 5mm. 5) During smiling, the exposure of the upper gingiva showed more severe incongruity as the degree of gingival exposure increased. 77% of the subjects perceived strangeness at the gingival exposure of 4.5mm. 6) The inclination of the incisal plane appeared stranger as the degree of inclination increased. 62% of subjects perceived strangeness at the $7.5^{\circ}$ inclination of the incisal plane. 7) The type of incisal plane showed increasing strangeness in the order of convex/downward, straight/horizontal, and concave/upward. 80% of subjects perceived strangeness at concave/upward. 8) The type of gingival line was showed increasing incongruity in the order of the same, a little above, and a little under the zenith of the lateral incisor to the line joining the zenith of the central incisor and the canine. However, less than half the subjects did not perceive strangeness at any alteration of the gingival line. Conclusion : The Korean perception of the upper anterior dental esthetics was different to the westerner's perception in the some respects.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to examine the efficiency of cloning of transgenic embryos by nuclear transfer(NT) using gene-injected rabbit embryos. The rabbit embryos at pronuclear stage were microinjected with methallothionein-human growth hormone(MT-hGH) gene and cultured to 8- and 16-cell in TCM-199 containing 10% FCS with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in a 5% $CO_2$incubator. The recipient oocytes were collected from the oviducts 14~16 h after hCG injection. The oocytes were enucleated and activated with 5$\mu$M ionomycin and 2mM 6-dimethylaminopurine. Blastomeres form gene-injected embryos were transferred into the enucleated oocytes by micromanipulation. The nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused and co-cultured with rabbit oviductal cells. Following 120 h of culture, blastocysts were prepared for gene analysis by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). In previous experiment, the rate of gene-positive embryos detected by the nested PCR analysis was significantly decreased while developing to blastocyst(25%)(Kang et al., 1998). The fusion rate of gene-injected blastomeres was significantly(P＜0.05) lower than non-injected blastomeres(66% vs 80%). However, the NT embryos that were derived from gene-injected donor embryos did not differ from control embryos in development to the blastocyst stage(39% vs 31%). Of the 43 NT blastocysts developed from the gene-injected donor embryos, twelve(28%) were positive for the injected DNA. The results indicate that NT with gene-injected embryos can be successfully used for cloning and multiplication of transgenic embryos, furthermore applicable to improvement of transgenic animal production.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.28
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• pp.111-140
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• 2005

Most of studies on the press during the period of Japanese occupation in Korea have focused on the activities of newspapers in 1920s. These past studies didn't examine the whole process of change of the press under the Japanese occupation in Korea. Thus, this study tried to investigate the change of the tenor of Korean newspaper editorials on the ruling policies during the end of the colonial period in Korea as a part of attempts exceeding the limit of past studies. After the outbreak of the war between China and Japan in 1937, the Korean newspapers were full of stereotyped editorials resembling in a way official gazette. Dong-A Ilbo and Cho-Sun Ilbo represented the purpose of the war was to emancipate Asian countries from Western imperialist countries and to establish the peace of the Asia. Simultaneously, two newspapers played an important role in assimilating the Korean people into the Japanese and mobilizing them to the war, The tenor of these editorials was affected by intensified control over the press and the change of the consciousness of journalists. In conclusion, these newspapers had a harmful influence on the Korean people as a weapon to the movement to organize and mobilize them. Therefore the interest for researching on the pro-Japanese press should be taken in view of 'resistance' and 'collaboration.'

• Archives of design research
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• no.18
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• pp.113-121
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• 1996

Persuasion is one of the attractive channels to enhance the relation between markerters and consumers and deliver the true communication on products to the consumers. This arctic tried to examine the symbolic meaning system as a way of maximizing the visual communicational effect of persuasion, the efforts of marketers who are trying to utilize the psychology of the mass that consume the symbol rather than products and the symbol system as a mean of propaganda were analyzed as well. People in modern age, in general, place more value on the emotional assoessibility than the efficiency of the product, As a result, the ways of expression of propaganda approaching the mass are in the process of gradual change, which was another theme this article tried to explore. Ames sied that the human preoeption has a tendency to perceive things in some organized pattern, which can be applied to even untransparable and meaningless image. Human beings don't perceive what there is but what, thery believe there to be, and his peroeption are channelized by the opportunity of the past, his peroeption are channelized by the opportunity of the past, his experience of the environment, and the history of learning. To say another word, people not only recognize the objective form but also accept the inside meaning of the visual object. Their reponse to the visual object, therefore, include personal cognition, judgment, and attitued. The communication in visual design reveals the culture, society, and art in a complex symbol, and make synthetic cultural interpretation possible. It's pretty attractive, effective, and reasonable method to use symbolic meaning system as a way of persuasion. It is because communication means whole process from receiving and delivering the information and message to making common meaning system, to measuring the effect of the behavior change.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

In Bongseon-ri site, the central type and the local type of the Baekje tombs co-exist together. Many swords with ring pommel which to regional leaders in Seocheon the Beekje government granted are excavated from these tombs. These represent that the regional leaders were controlled by the Baekje government gradually. Four swords with ring pommel and one simple sword are investigated metallurgically and we seek what swords have a function of weapon or what sword produce for grave goods. The simple sword is made by solid carburizing technology and quenching of heat treatment so it's possibly used as a weapon. In contrast, four swords with ring pommel has little chance of weapon because the blade of swords consists of microstructure that have low hardness and the back of swords don't have microstructure can absorb the shock. The most identical characteristic of the simple sword and swords with ring pommel is that they are possible to classify clearly into practical/non-practical tools. Additionally, according to non-metallic inclusion analysis result of these swords, w$\ddot{u}$stite and glass phase are found together. Thus, it is able to say that reduction method in low temperature is applied during smelting process.