• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 2016

This study examined the effectiveness of and satisfaction of visitors with the Environmental Improvement Project on national parks' trail entry areas. A survey was conducted to improve the proposal framework based on the data. Data for the study were obtained from 6400 respondents who used 28 national park offices at 32 national park trail entry areas. The field research was collected in 3200 surveys, divided between pre- and post-implementation of the Environmental Improvement Project. The study variables consisted of socio-demographics, visitors' perceptions on the environmental improvement of trail entries, effects of the environmental improvement, and visitor satisfaction. Several important results were found. First, the environment of trail entries has a significant impact on the formation of images and user satisfaction of national parks. Second, the influence of the trail entry improvement showed that 71.8% of visitors rated the trail entry as environmentally friendly after the Environmental Improvement Project, compared to 48.5% of visitors rated the trail entry as environmentally friendly before the Environmental Improvement Project. The findings indicated that a top priority of environmental improvement of the trail entries needs to be the installation of convenience facilities such as rest areas, restrooms, and direction boards (pre: 34.5%, post: 32.6%). Third, functionality and the other nine variables were shown to enhance the effect of the environmental improvement of the trail entries at the 1% statistical significance level. Finally, results indicated that the overall satisfaction of the visitors with the park was significantly higher after the environmental improvement (t-value=25.741, p=.000), showing the satisfaction score was higher after the environmental improvement (pre: 3.51, post: 4.12), with a statistically significant difference at the 1 % level. This study helps to understand trail entries, which have influenced the image of the national park and satisfaction. These findings can be utilized to manage and design a national park as a public space.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.308-319
• /
• 2016

In order to set the outdoor weather conditions to be applied to the design standard of the greenhouse heating and cooling system, outdoor air temperature and heating degree-hour for heating design, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and solar irradiance for cooling design were analyzed and presented. For every region in Korea, we used thirty years from 1981 to 2010 hourly weather data for analysis, which is the current standard of climatological normal provided by KMA. Since the use of standard weather data is limited, design weather conditions were obtained using the entire weather data for 30 years, and the average value of the entire data period was presented as a design standard. The design weather data with exceedance probability of 1, 2.5, and 5% were analyzed by the TAC method, and we presented the distribution map with exceedance probability of 1% for heating and 2.5% for cooling which are recommended by design standards. The changes of maximum heating load, seasonal heating load and maximum cooling load were examined by regions, exceedance probabilities, and setpoint temperatures. The proposed outdoor design conditions can be used not only directly for the greenhouse heating and cooling design, but also for the reinforcement of heating and cooling facilities and the establishment of energy saving measures. Recently, due to the climate change, sweltering heat in summer and abnormal temperature in winter are occurring frequently, so we need to analyze weather data periodically and revise the design standard at least every 10 years cycle.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.523-532
• /
• 2017

A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i.e., Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp., E. coli H7, E. coli O157: H7, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC), Shigella spp., and enteric adenovirus. The level of microbial pathogens contamination was associated with human activity, with greater levels of contamination found at the downstream site compared to the site at the village and upstream, respectively. Regarding intestinal parasites, the prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections were 68.9% and 27.2%, respectively. Eight helminth taxa were identified in fecal samples, i.e., 2 tapeworm species (Taenia sp. and Hymenolepis diminuta), 1 trematode (Opisthorchis sp.), and 5 nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, trichostrongylids, and hookworms). Six species of intestinal protists were identified, i.e., Blastocystis hominis, Cyclospora spp., Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Entamoeba coli, and Giardia lamblia. Questionnaires and interviews were also conducted to determine risk factors of infection. These analyses together with a prevailing infection level suggested that most of villagers were exposed to parasites in a similar degree due to limited socio-economic differences and sharing of similar practices. Limited access to effective public health facilities is also a significant contributing factor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.3
• /
• pp.325-337
• /
• 2007

Illegal slash-and-bum fields and slash-and-bum farmers in Korea had increased in spite of Japanese Joseon Government's strong regulations and clearance measures, and land reform after the 1945 Liberation of Korea until 1970s. This study is to inquire into the necessary and sufficient conditions to disappear entirely the matters from 1974 to 1979 that illegal slash-and-bum fields and slash-and-burn farmers continued long in existence until the early 1970s. The findings are as follows; Firstly, the population pressure to agricultural lands that main factor of generation of illegal slash-and-bum fields had decreased rapidly because the rural populations and less income farmers have decreased after 1967. Especially, the decrease of the rural populations had never seen to the 1970s. It is recognised that the social condition for the success in 1970s. Secondly, the continuous economic growth from the early 1960s enabled the Korean government to solve the matter through the sufficient financial investment from the Government. For example, the gross national product (GNP) and the government budget in 1974 increased around 25 times after 1960. It is recognised that the economic condition for the success in 1970s. Finally, it was enabled to remove the concealment from the slash-and-bum farmers and to monitor illegal re-cultivation thoroughly because the development of forest inventory technique using an aerial photograph and the expansion of road facilities. It is recognised that the technical condition for the success in the 1970s.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that led greenhouse grape farms to delay their heating periods after the coming into force of the Korea-Chile Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Panel data on the cropping (system) changes from 2004 through 2016 were used for the analysis. According to the panel logistic model, the estimated coefficient of the cultivation area was 0.0002, which was statistically significant at the 10% significance level, the estimated coefficient of grape imports was 1.4258, which was statistically significant at the 1% significance level, and the estimated coefficient of the regional dummy was 0.808, which was statistically significant at the 5% significance level. The results indicated that the use of wider cultivation areas, increase in grape imports, and colder climate(in the mid-northern part of Korea) increased the likelihood of delayed heating. The Korean government is offering direct payment programs and business closure support to the greenhouse grape farmers. While these actions can relieve the damage caused by the increase in grape imports, they will not provide the ultimate solution. Various support measures are needed, such as renewing the varieties to meet the changing demand of grape consumers, providing agricultural materials to reduce the heating expenses, and modernizing greenhouse facilities to improve the energy efficiency and reduce the costs.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.78-86
• /
• 2017

Humans are provided with a wide range of public benefits from ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems, but the establishment of the horticulture complex could be a space that hampers the public function of the agricultural ecosystem. In this study, we sought to focus the function of landscape creation of agricultural landscape and tried to analyze the landscape of the horticulture complex. Therefore, This study aims to suggest ways to build a greenhouse complex which is being indiscreetly introduced in the agriculture landscape through environmentally-friendly manner and minimize the function of the ecosystem service. We divided the greenhouse complex into two categories of Plastic Greenhouse(v) and Glass Greenhouse(g), and compared them to the Netherland and Japan counterparts. Each image of research areas was selected by 3 pics and polled by a total of 101 people. The results of the Evaluation of Landscape Image are as shown in the figure. Netherland Glass Greenhouse scored 1.80 in terms of 'Neat' which is one of the given 15 adjectives. Study results shows that Korean Plastic Greenhouse landscapes need to endeavor Japanese vinly greenhouses and Dutch glasshouses. Consequently, an analysis on the elements of landscapes including green area, variant elements, separation distance is essential in order to improve our country's greenhouse complex landscapes. In this regard, continuous research is required to improve rural landscapes and harmonize large-scale horticultural facilities into the existing agricultural ecosystem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.13 no.1 s.34
• /
• pp.85-95
• /
• 2007

Hot springs development will be more activated with the five-day work week system than before. Nevertheless, investment and development achievement of hot springs has not resulted in a successful performance to foster townships, and this calls upon locals to build a guideline to develop hot springs. This study intends to analyze laws on hot springs, which influence mostly on the hot spring development, to gather up the information on the present state of the development, and to suggest considerations for further development plans. Features of the hot spring development are as follows: One is that metropolitan cities will discover hot spring resources more than small cities. Therefore the development will be twofold : one for resort tour and the other for one-day rest and recreation. In addition, Korean laws on hot springs are more site development-oriented to support tourism and recreation than to protect environment and discover unused resources. This makes hot spring development easier and efficient being supported by hot spring law, law on territory development and use, and tourism promotion law. On the other side, planned landscape trimming can be uniformized and unharmonized in terms of local identity and environment-friendliness. This is why careful considerations such as goods and bads of the local resources, local history and culture are needed in hot spring development. A long-term development project should include remodeling based on local identity and development trends. The third point indicates that Korean hot springs development has recorded relatively low performance due to difficult private capital attraction, and a high fence on land purchase and development approval. It is essential to release restrictions on the hot spring development-especially on those whose development performance has not been successful so that best practice can be supported by the government in remodeling and marketing. New plans on hot spring development should be also examined based on developer's capacity and local authorities' volition on the plan. Last point shows that most hot springs development plans have been designed only based on territory utilizing plan and facilities arrangement, not considering much on fund-raising, operational plan or feasibility analysis. Therefore the tourism promotion law should reinforce guidelines on tourist site approval system by supplementing criteria. At the same time, an education on tourism development planning is necessary to deepen developers' understanding, since most developers are experts more on city development, landscape architecture, designing, constructing and engineering than tourism development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 2020

This study is aimed at the deduction of the important priority factors by setting the comprehensive rate in each of the economy, sociability and environmental areas for the sustainable development of fishing villages. As the research methods, review of domestic and overseas literature and Delphi questionnaire survey on experts, and hierarchical structure analysis were executed. Accordingly, this study is aimed at providing the basic data at the time of establishing plans by assessing the level of importance and priorities for each item through the deduction of the elements necessary for the fishing village plan. Key results of the study are as follows. First, as the results of review of domestic and overseas literature related to sustainability indices of fishing villages, a total of 50 items in the areas of economy, sociability and environment were deduced. Second, validity for each area was confirmed through Delphi questionnaire survey on experts. Third, as the results of factor analysis conducted on the basis of the hierarchical structure analysis for detailed items for each sector, 3 factors in the economic area, 2 factors in the social area and 3 factors in environment area were deduced. Fourth, as the results of the relative importance of the higher tiers, economic sector (0.528) displayed results that are more than 2 times higher than the social (0.261) and environmental (0.212) sectors. Establishment of foundation for independent competition (0.105), balanced development of small fishing village (0.086) and population engaged in economic activities in comparison to the fishing village population (0.077) were analyzed as the most important detailed items. Based on these results, experts pointed out that the economic sector is most important for the sustainable development of fishing village and, in detail, priority must be placed on the balanced development on the basis if the extent of independence of the fishing villages, and emphasized activation of residents engaged in economic activities in fishing villages in order to support them. That is, in order to increase the level of independence of the fishing villages, it was determined that there is a dire needs for expansion of diversified specialized businesses and infrastructural facilities through agreement by the residents capable of economic activities, and means of activating fishing villages through securing of budget at the local autonomous government level to provide support for the residents.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2012

This study is conducted to develop a new method of early occurrence monitoring for Aculops lycopersici Massee (Acari: Eriophyidae), a major pest in tomato. A. lycopersici causes damage to plants such as curling of leaflet edges, followed by leaflet bronzing. As feeding continues by the mites, the plant takes on a russeted, wilted appearance, eventually culminating in leaflet desiccation and finally plant death. Fruit damages in tomato were shown when the density of mites was very high. Also, A. lycopersici caused more damage to unripe fruits than ripe fruits. The time taken to detect A. lycopersici on green label sticker was 7.0 seconds, the shortest. Blue, orange and white label stickers took 17.1, 19.8 and 12.3 seconds respectively. The permeable microscope with side illumination was useful in observing A. lycopersici on label stickers. A. lycopersici began to occur in late-April and the density of the mites increased rapidly after mid-May. The density peaked in mid to late-June, and decreased after late-June. A. lycopersici was observed on lower stems 20 days after the release of mites and observed on higher stems 60 days after. The peaked densities were observed on stems 40 and 60 days after and on leaf 80 days after. The label sticker is enough to monitor early occurrence of A. lycopersici in tomato cultivation facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.568-574
• /
• 2021

According to the Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management, which has been enforced since 2020, reservoirs should be managed to minimize life cycle costs caused by aging through preemptive management such as systematic maintenance and performance improvement. For maintenance in consideration of the life cycle, it is essential to derive the end of life due to continuous performance degradation as the common period increases. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a performance-predicting model for reservoirs. In this study, a reservoir was divided into main complex facilities to develop a model for the maintenance of the life cycle. A model was developed for each facility. For model development, maintenance information data were collected under management by the Rural Community Corporation. The data available for model development were selected by analyzing the collected data. The developed model was used to predict the expected life expectancy of the reservoir in the current maintenance system and the expected life expectancy in the case of no action. By using the developed model, it is expected that it will be possible to support decision making in operation management and maintenance while considering the life cycle of the reservoir.