• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.856-865
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties and changes in moisture concentrations of bedding materials under the conditions of rearing Korean Hanwoo cows. Methods: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics (Exp. I) and usefulness as beddings for rearing cattle (Exp. II) by the type of beddings such as sawdust (SD), wood shavings (WS) and sawdust+wood shavings (S+W; 1:1 in volume), and the species of pine trees from different countries of origins (China, Pinus armandii, AR; Vietnam, Pinus kesiya, KE; USA, Pinus rigida, RI). Results: In Exp. I, SD-AR showed the largest proportion (78.3%) of fine particles (250 ㎛+below 250 ㎛) and the highest bulk density (208 kg/㎥) among treatments (p<0.05). The water absorption capacity at 24 h of both S+W-RI (713%) and -KE (701%) was the highest among treatments (p<0.05) and higher than those of SD or WS alone within each species of pine tree (p<0.05). Moisture evaporation rates (%) at 12 h were ranged from 52.3 to 60.8 for SD, 69.9 to 74.4 for WS, and 72.3 to 73.5 for S+W. Total amounts (mg/㎡) of ammonia emissions were the lowest (p<0.05) in KE species among the pine species within each type of bedding material, having higher ability of ammonia absorption. In Exp II, KE species in both side A and B had lower moisture concentrations (%) than other species. Regardless of types of beddings except SD-AR, moisture concentrations of beddings within a pen were higher (p<0.01) at side A than B. Conclusion: The KE species has better physical characteristics than other beddings and more useful for rearing Hanwoo cattle than other beddings, probably caused by the differences in the method and degree of wood processing rather than the species.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

The FTA(Free Trade Agreements) are loading the world trade liberalization. Entering into FTA with Chile on 1 Apr 2004, Korea is trying to tie with Singapore and Japan in FTA. It also has a long-term plan for free-trading with China, USA, ASEAN, Canada and India. The portion of the dairy products imported from Chile, Japan and Singapore is under 1% of total dairy product imports. However, in the long run the conclusion of FTA with dairy product exporting countries such as USA, Australia, New Zealand and Netherlands will give a big impact on the dairy industry with abrupt increment in dairy product imports. Especially, whole and skim milk powder imports which are imported on the high tariff rate expect to increase. Furthermore mixed milk powder(Food preparations of goods and other whey powders) imports which domestic price is higher than world market also will dramatically increase. The milk powder stocks have increased since 2002. That made the government carry out some policies. Those include slaughtering milking cow(2002) and terminating the dairy farm enterprise and decreasing in milk production(2003). Also the case of artificial insemination by a Hanwoo fertilized egg has increased with the rise of Hanwoo farm price in 2003. By those reason, it is forecasted that the downward trend in the number of cow will be continued in 2004. It is also forecasted that the raw milk production in 2004 will decrease 4.4% compared to last year due to decreasing in the number of milking cow and raw milk collecting quota.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.310-314
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• 2011

Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) encoded by RNA3 of Rice stripe virus (RSV), known to be a suppressor of gene silencing, was cloned and sequenced. The cloned NS3 gene is composed of 636 nucleotides encoding 211 deduced amino acids, and showed a high degree of similarity with the equivalent genes isolated from Korea, Japan and China. The NS3 gene promoted the enhancement of transient gene expression and suppressed transgene co-silencing. In the transient GFP expression via agroinfiltration, GFP expression was dramatically enhanced in terms of both protein yield and expression period in the presence of NS3. The highest accumulation of GFP protein reached to 6.8% of total soluble proteins, which corresponded to a two-fold increase compared to that obtained in the absence of NS3. In addition, NS3 significantly suppressed the initiation of GFP co-silencing induced by the additive GFP infiltration in GFP-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. The NS3 gene was also found to be a stronger suppressor than Cucumber mosaic virus 2b. These observations are believed to be derived from the strong suppressive effect of NS3 on gene silencing, and indicate that NS3 could be used as an effective enhancer for the rapid production of foreign proteins in plants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.415-422
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• 2018

Lycorma delicatula, known as spotted lanternfly, is a planthopper native to Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, India and South China. This species damages local fruit trees and has spread rapidly in South Korea in recent years. The purpose of this study is to present the methods and estimation results pertaining to the risk of invasive species like Lycorma delicatula. We used a partial budget (PB) method to assess direct income reduction of farm households and a partial equilibrium (PE) model to examine social welfare change from the outbreak of Lycorma delicatula. We also estimated the future economic impacts of Lycorma delicatula under various climate scenarios considering habitat suitability. As climate change progresses, domestic ecosystems are expected to become increasingly vulnerable to pest outbreaks leading to further economic damage. We believe that this study can be a base to evaluate efficiency of the national pest control and quarantine system.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2023

Pear scab, caused by Venturia nashicola, is one of the most devastating diseases of Asian pears in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan. To manage this disease, growers mainly relied on chemical control. However, continuous use of chemical causes not only environmental contaminant but also the emergence of resistance to pathogens, so a more sustainable management plan is needed. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the life cycle and infection characteristics of V. nashicola and to set an active control strategy according to meteorological conditions rather than, as in the past, calendar-based control or continuous use of a specific fungicide system. Various results of the related research results were reviewed to summarize the race, infection characteristics, and control system of V. nashicola, a pear scab, and to discuss plans for a more effective control system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2369-2378
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• 2012

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1996

This paper was performed to comparative study with the children's body strength status of Ethnic Korean in China and Korea. The subjects of this study were the students of each elementary school located in a rural and a urban areas in China. To compared the level of their body strength status, we investigated to the students of 2 elementary schools as comparatives group on Kojae Area in Korea. We used students' physical record in the school. The contents of the study were the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height of the subjects. To make out the level of the students' physique, we measured by Rohrer Index output through above body height and body weight of them. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the case of Ethnic Korean in China, the average body weight(kilogram) is $28.94{\pm}6.68$ in male $28.51{\pm}7.58$ in female. Comparatively, the average body weight in the case of Korean is 31. $99{\pm}7.23$ in male and $31.74{\pm}7.82$ in female. The average body height of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2-5 Kilograms to that of Korean. 2. The average chest circumstance (centimeter) is $63.51{\pm}5.21$ in male $63.05{\pm}5.87$ in female of Ethnic Korean, $65.54{\pm}6.43$ in male and $64.57{\pm}7.81$ in female of Korean. Compared to between two group, the average chest circumstance of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2-4 centimeters to that of Korean. 3. The average body height (centimeter) of Ethnic Korean is $135.28{\pm}8.96$ in male $134.82{\pm}9.74$ in female, and that of Korean is $136.68{\pm}9.12$ in male and $136.10{\pm}9.92$ in female. Like the preceding below results, the average body height of Ethnic Korean is inferior about 2-5 centimeters to that of Korean. 4. Compared to the fullness degree of physique between two group using Rohrer Index, Ethnic Korean is thiner than Korean. 5. Temporary, in case of children from 10 to 12 years old, female is superior to male through the index contained of the body weight, the chest circumstance, and the body height. It seems that female and male had different maximum growth age.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Although a global ban on the use of endosulfan, an organochloline insecticide, has taken effect in mid-2012, it has been still used in several countries, including India and China, and detected in diverse environments in the world due to its relative persistence and semi-volatility. In this study, the effect of endosulfan on soil bacterial community was investigated using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing method. When endosulfan was applied to an upland soil at a rate of 100 mg/kg soil (ES soil), the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and diversity indices for bacteria initially decreased and gradually recovered to the level of the non-treated soil (NT soil) during an eight-week incubation period. At bacterial phylum level, relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were higher while those of Chloroflexi and Spirochaetes were lower in the ES soil than in the NT soil, suggesting that an endosulfan application affects the bacterial community structure in soil. In the ES soil, the relative abundances of the OTUs affiliated to the genera Sphingomonas and Burkholderia increased in the initial period of incubation while those affiliated to the genera Pseudonocardia and Opitutus increased in the late period of incubation. Because the first three genera contain bacterial strains reported to degrade endosulfan, they are expected to be involved in the degradation of endosulfan, probably one after another.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

Microbial-fermented tea (MFT), which is made by microorganisms through fermentation, is a popular beverage in Asia, especially in the Yunnam province, China. In this study, changes of the chemical constituents and antioxidant activity during the manufacturing process of MFT were investigated. MFT were respectively prepared from fresh leaves of three different tea species (Yabukita, Daecha, and Korean wild cultivar) and a processed green tea (Korean wild cultivar). The color of the tea infusions gradually changed to red and yellow as a function of fermentation time. Total nitrogen and caffeine contents were not significantly changed. Whereas, the chlorophyll, tannin, and total catechins contents gradually decreased. Interestingly, the epicatechin and epigallocatechin contents increased up to 25 days of fermentation and then decreased. Change of the chemical constituents of all samples showed the same patterns. The antioxidant activity of MFT from Daecha and Yabukita slightly decreased as increasing fermentation time. However, the range over which the antioxidant activity of MFT from Korean wild cultivar and green tea were not changed. This research suggests that it may be possible to manufacturing possibility of MFT using Korean wild cultivar and processed green tea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an economically important plant because of it is rich in saponins. It is mainly cultivated in Asia, including Korea and China. Since ginseng requires a long breeding period due to juvenility, homozygote production techniques, such as anther culture, must be urgently established. In the present study, callus induction and embryogenesis through anther culture were observed in P. ginseng. Murashige and Skoog medium was used as the basal medium suitable for callus induction. When the medium was supplemented with 3% sucrose, the callus induction rate was high and the callus size was large. Cold pretreatment did not significantly affect callus induction and embryogenesis. Embryogenesis was the most efficient when the embryo-formation medium was supplemented with 1.0 or 3.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Cultivar significantly affected anther culture efficiency. Specifically, 'Cheongseon' showed the highest embryo-formation efficiency, whereas no embryogenesis occurred in 'Sunun'. Ploidy assessment revealed the haploid status of the induced calli. Embryos derived from anther culture formed shoots upon transfer to germination medium, although no difference in ploidy was noted between the induced callus and control. Overall, the anther culture conditions established in the present study may contribute to the production of homozygous P. ginseng plants in the future.