• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-67
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• 1996

The optimal path-finding problem becomes complicated when multiple variables are simultaneously considered such as physical route length, degree of congestion, traffic capacity of intersections, number of intersections and lanes, and existence of free ways. Therefore, many researchers in various fields (management science, computer science, applied mathematics, production planning, satellite launching) attempted to solve the problem by ignoring many variables for problem simplification, by developing intelligent algorithms, or by developing high-speed hardware. In this research, an integration of expert system technique and case-based reasoning in high level with a conventional algorithms in lower level was attempted to develop an optimal path-finding system. Early application of experienced driver's knowledge and case data accumulated in case base drastically reduces number of possible combinations of optimal paths by generating promising alternatives and by eliminating non-profitable alternatives. Then, employment of a conventional optimization algorithm provides faster search mechanisms than other methods such as bidirectional algorithm and $A^*$ algorithm. The conclusion obtained from repeated laboratory experiments with real traffic data in Seoul metropolitan area shows that the integrated approach to finding optimal paths with consideration of various real world constraints provides reasonable solution in a faster way than others.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

In this paper, we implement a wheeled mobile robot that accurately and autonomously finds the optimal route from the starting point to the destination point based on computer vision in a complex indoor environment. We get a number of waypoints from the starting point to get the best route to the target through deep reinforcement learning. However, in the case of autonomous driving, the majority of cases do not reach their destination accurately due to external factors such as surface curvature and foreign objects. Therefore, we propose an algorithm to deepen the waypoints and destinations included in the planned route and then correct the route through the waypoint recognition while driving to reach the planned destination. We built an autonomous wheeled mobile robot controlled by Arduino and equipped with Raspberry Pi and Pycamera and tested the planned route in the indoor environment using the proposed algorithm through real-time linkage with the server in the OSX environment.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

We have implemented a WWW homepage which finds an optimal route for users. There already exist many web sites which provide the optimal route when a start and a destination cities are given. However, none of them can find the optimal route when a number of cities to be visited. The problem of finding the optimal route starting at a given start city and visiting through all the given intermediate cities and finally returning to the start city is called Travelling Sales Person(TSP) problem. TSP is a well known exponential time complexity problem. We have implemented an artificial intelligent search algorithm for TSP on our homepage. The main feature of our algorithm is that the destination may not be the same as the start city whereas all of the existing heuristic algorithms for TSP assume that the start and the destination cities are the same. The web page asks a user to select all the cities he or she wants to visit(including start and destination city), then it finds a sequence of the cities such that the user would travel minimum distance if he or she visits the cities in the order of the sequence. This paper presents algorithms used in the homepage.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.417-433
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• 2023

In the 2022 revised mathematics curriculum, a new content on 'Movement of a point' was added. Therefore, this study analyzed the contents of the movement of a point presented in Finnish mathematics textbooks as elements of spatial orientation. Analysis was conducted by dividing it into direction, distance, and route. As a result of the study, in Finnish textbooks, directions were expressed in various ways, such as linguistic, visual, and coded expressions. In the case of distance, activities to move as much as the distance or compare the distance were presented using the number of cells, length, steps, coordinate points, ratio, etc. In the case of routes, activities such as moving according to instructions, making routes, finding the route, and modifying the route were presented using unconditional movement and conditional movement. In particular, the movement of a point could be linked not only to various mathematical content areas such as 'number and arithmetic' and 'change and relationship', but also to digital literacy and programming education. Knowing that the movement of a point can be presented in various ways according to the direction, distance, and route, it is expected that it can be used to organize the contents of the 2022 revised mathematics textbook.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

Recently, interest in living safety and crime prevention is increasing. The reality is that most women have anxiety about social safety and ultimately want a safe return to home. As a result of these issues, the Seoul Metropolitan Government and the National Police Agency are implementing various services to alleviate them. However, there are limitations such as that the service can be used only during a limited time or the process of checking whether the patrol is really completed is complicated. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a service platform that overcomes these limitations and suggests the best and shortest patrol route to the police based on the desired patrol location applied by citizens. It is designed based on the MVC pattern, and the functions are divided for each user. It is hoped that the platform will reduce crime rates and allow citizens to ultimately return home with peace of mind. Also we expect that the police will ablet to find places where they did not know about or need to patrol with more attention through the recommended route of the platform, which will be helpful in their task.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.77-89
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• 2024

This study investigated central and peripheral route factors to assess the impact of Google Advertisements on how these factors contribute to users' call-to-action (CTA) and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) behaviors. We explored the persuasive effects of Google Advertisements on consumers by using a dataset of 483 valid empirical samples from Taiwan. We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the hypotheses. The empirical results of this study indicate that both peripheral (image appeal) and central (information completeness) routes positively lead to the persuasion effect. This finding confirms that the peripheral and central routes increase the persuasion effect. The empirical results indicate that the most effective pathway was image appeal to the persuasion effect and, ultimately, to call to action. Image appeal was also determined to be a secondary pathway that enhances the persuasion effect, ultimately leading to e-WOM. These findings have valuable implications for companies seeking to attract customers to purchase electronic products through the Google search engine. The novelty of our study is that it includes the peripheral route. Our study findings were derived from the symbolic value lens, rather than the central route based solely on the utilitarian and hedonistic value perspective.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 1995

Single intravenous and oral administration to SD rats and ICR mice of both sexes were performed to investigate the acute toxicity of DWC-751, a new parenteral cephalosporin. $LD_50$ values for ICR mice and SD rats administered intravenously with DWC-751 were as follows; 1151.1 mg/kg (male SD rat), 1183.5 mg/kg (female SD rat), 2698.1 mg/kg (male ICR mouse), 2833.0 mg/kg (female ICR mouse). It is suggested that $LD_50$ values in rats and mice of both sexes would be 5000 mg/kg in oral route. Major general symptoms induced by injection intravenously with DWC-751 are decreased motor activity, increased respiratory rate, tremor and convulsion. In oral route, piloerection and soft stool are observed to 4 day after administration. No significant body weight changes were observed at any level in the groups administered with DWC-751. The gross finding of rats administered intravenously was observed cecum distension.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

Finding the optimum route of ship's pipes is complicated and time-consuming process. Experience of designers is the main tool in this process. To reduce design man-hours and human errors a design expert system shell and a geometric modeler is used to automate the design process. In this paper, a framework of the intelligent CAD system for pipe auto-routing is suggested, which consists of general-purpose expert system shell and a geometric modeler. The design expert system and the geometric modeling kernel have been integrated. The CADDS5 of Computervision is used as the overall CAD environment. The Nexpert Object of Neuron Data is used as the expert system shell. The CADDS5 ISSM is used as the interface that creates and modifies geometric models of pipes. Existing algorithms for the routing problem have been analyzed. Most of them are to solve the 2-D circuit routing problems. Ship piping system, specially within the engine room, is a complicated, large scale 3-D routing problem. Methods of expert system have been used to find the route of ship pipes on the main deck.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.119-128
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• 2003

The goal of this study was to understand human behavior in reference to wayfinding during emergency situations. In an emergency situation, it is recommended that evacuees follow instructions about an available exit rather than finding their way on their own. Wayfinding studies suggest that landmarks affect entire route communication. Landmark analysis for this study Identified describability, e.g., name and simplicity of landmark features. A virtual reality (VR) simulation test was conducted to examine the effect of landmarks on wayfinding. The independent variables were landmarks, smoke. Results suggest that the describability of landmarks is a positive Influence to route communication. Findings from this study, however, Indicates that smoke condition did not significantly affect participants' wayfinding.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.27-39
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• 2018

Since the global positioning system (GPS) has been included in mobile devices (e.g., for car navigation, in smartphones, and in smart watches), the impact of personal GPS log data on daily life has been unprecedented. For example, such log data have been used to solve public problems, such as mass transit traffic patterns, finding optimum travelers' routes, and determining prospective business zones. However, a real-time analysis technique for GPS log data has been unattainable due to theoretical limitations. We introduced a machine learning model in order to resolve the limitation. In this paper presents a new, three-stage real-time prediction model for a person's daily route activity. In the first stage, a machine learning-based clustering algorithm is adopted for place detection. The training data set was a personal GPS tracking history. In the second stage, prediction of a new person's transient mode is studied. In the third stage, to represent the person's activity on those daily routes, inference rules are applied.