• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.95-109
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• 2011

The building for the Sutra appeared as the Sutra-belief became popular in the early years of the Koryo Dynasty. According to the written documents, there were two types of apparatus to keep sutras, one by fixing the cabinet to the wall and the other by rotating the cabinet at the center of the hall. There are no remains. Recently, at the excavation of the site of the Yeongguk Temple (寧國寺) in the Chungcheong Prevince (영동군), a building which was presumed as the Sutra Hall was recovered at the side of the Main Hall. At the center of the building, of 6meters width and 6meters depth, there was a large stone which had a round trace which was presumed to supporting the rotating sutra-case cabinet. By examining the concerned situations, this building was concluded as the Sutra Hall of the temple. The Yeongguk Temple had a close relationship with the royal household. Budddhist monk Gwangji, son of the 16th King Yejong was lived at the Temple. the tomb of King's advisory priest Wongak was also erected at the Temple. Two monks were well known as the defender of the Sutra. The Sutra Hall of the Yeongguk Temple regarded as a significant example which showed us how the archtectural aspect of the Sutra Hall was shaped in the Koryo Dynasty. It could be said that revealing the architectural aspect of the Stura Hall will help revealing the Buddhist architecture of the Koryo Dynsty which is veiled in many field.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to establish a green space conservation grade for sustainable urban development of Taegu metropolitan city using GIS and RS methods, together with the valuation items of green spaces centered around ecological, useful, and socio-cultural factors. The results of this study are as follows: 1. According to the ecological factor, the first grade is $81.4km^2$ and then Kachag-myun, Dong-gu in order, have needs of sustaining conservation policy of urban environment improvement and protection of the wild habitats. 2. According to the usefulness of urban parks, the first and second grade which is over 150 $persons/km^2$ in population density of the catchment areas, were Talsung park, Sinam park, Yongsan park and etc., the areas of those parks consists of 0.7% of the whole urban parks. 3. According to the socio-cultural factor, the first grade is located in urban natural parks, and the second grade is which are composed of Green Belt and agriculture in Talsung-gun. 4. Analyzing these results synthetically, the first grade conservation is 18%, as the forest in the upper zone of Mt. Palgongsan, Mt. Bisul, and Mt. Daeduck, these regions needed to preserve absolutely. This research is a basic step to show the methodology for all-round evaluation of green space using GIS and RS. Hereafter, it is necessary to consider general evaluation index of green spaces, and to consider the quantitative and qualitative aspect.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.732-744
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• 2005

Previous works for the AE(Assured Forwarding) service in the Diffserv network have no sufficient consideration on the fairness of bandwidth share based on the target rate and the effect or RTT and UDP. Also Previous works act like Best-effort service in the UPN(under-Provisioned Network) condition. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, we propose the PFDSA(Proportionally Fair Differentiated Service Architecture) composed of tmTRA3CM(tcp-microflow based Target rate and an Aware Three color Marking), um3CM(udp-microflow based Three color Marker), TRBD(Target Rate Based Dropper), and target rate adjusting function. In the results of comparing the performance among existing mechanisms and the PFDSA, the PFDSA was able to mitigate the RTT and UDP effect better than the former. The PFDSA was shown to provide good performance for transmission rates proportional to various target rates in the UPN condition.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5716-5720
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• 2015

This study has analyzed the backwater effect by the bridge pier on the basis of the result on hydraulic characteristics with pier shapes in study(I), using a two-dimensional model(RMA-2) and an one-dimensional model(HEC-RAS). The pier shapes are classified into total six types such as square, rhombus, octagon, oval, round, and no-piers. The result of the backwater effect analysis showed that the backwater length is about 150 and 50m from HEC-RAS and RMA-2, respectively for all pier types. Although it is difficult to directly compare between results from the two models, the oval shape pier has shown similar results to the no-pier situation before the bridge construction in hydraulic characteristics. This analysis can help to select pier types in the new bridge construction for the future.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Recently, as container ships become larger and faster, rudder cavitations are more frequently observed near the gap between the horn and rudder plates of the ships to cause serious damages to the rudder surface of the ship. The authors already have suggested through a series of model experiments and numerical computations that employment of an appropriate blocking device for gap flow may retard the gap cavitation. For examples, a cam device installed near the outer edges of the vertical gap or a water-injection device combined with a pair of half-round bars installed inside the gap can considerably reduce the gap cavitation. However, it is also found that effective blocking of the flow through the vertical gap results in growth of the cavitation near the horizontal gap instead. In the present study, effectiveness of the simultaneous blocking of the flow through the horizontal and vertical gaps of a horn type rudder in minimizing the damage by gap cavitation is studied. Additional blocking disks are inserted inside the horizontal gaps on the top and bottom of the pintle block and numerical computations are carried out to confirm the combined effect of the blocking devices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.36-58
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• 1999

We designed the model picture of Tourism Botanical Garden, as a kind of theme park, in which we could enjoy flowers all the year round and the glorious tints of its autumn foliage. It would be very important to decide what kinds of trees should be planted and where to plant them. We selected the appropriate flowers and trees according to their value of appreciation and flowering time and the grand view around there and the weather conditions of the central region. We selected perennial plants as native plants, according to their color, flowering time and for the convenience of maintenance. And we selected some kinds of culture plants to show the seasonal change and diversity, according to their color and flowering time. We adopted the roof-tile pattern of Pakjae Kingdom to design the basic model of the garden, and the area was divided into eight sections. Six of them were divided again into four small planting areas from the outside respectively, according to the kinds of trees; pine-tree area, native flowering plant area, flowering tree area and flowering shrub area. The last two sections are by a lake, so they could make a beautiful landscape of waterfront. For the effective and economic operation of the garden, some kinds of flower trees and shrubs, which are little damaged by blight and are needless to prune, were selected. And perennial plants were also selected, because we don't have to change them into other plants, so we could cut down the expenses. As for the culture plants, they could be easily replaced with other culture plants in the flowering time, to show seasonal change and the harmony with the scenery around the garden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.10
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• pp.135-150
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• 2011

The ranking belts for Joseon dynasty officials that are based on references and relics are studied in this paper in terms of architecture, detailed names, and structural changes according to different time. Officials' uniforms consist of hats, clothes, belts, and shoes. Among these, the belt is an important sign that represents the wearer's ranking. The ranking belts of the Joseon dynasty which were brought from Ming at the late stage of the Koryo dynasty became classified as the following four classes : Seo-dai(a rhinoceros' horn, 犀帶), Gum-dai(gold, 金帶), Eun-dai(silver, 銀帶), and Heug-gag-dai(black horn, 黑角帶). A ranking belt consists of a basic belt body and a plaque that represents the wearer's rank. A plaque consists of 20 plates: three front-center plates that represent the Sam-tai(三台) constellation, six front-side plates that represent the Namduyug constellation(南斗六星), seven back plates that represent the Big Dipper(北斗七星), left side Bo(輔), right side Pil(弼), and a couple of Tamie at both ends. The architecture of the belt body; the basic frame for ranking belts, shows some differences between the former and the latter periods of the Joseon dynasty. In the former period, the belt had a pair of a buckle so that the wearers were able to adjust the belt size. But later, the belt didn't have the buckles to adjust the belt size and consequently it only performed a locking or unlocking function. Therefore, the belts in the latter period were longer than normal and one size fit all. In addition to the functional change of buckles, the shapes of the ranking belts show changes from the round shape to the square shape as time goes on.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.349-353
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• 2001

Korea has a variety of favorable conditions for utilizing wind as energy. First of all, as a geographical characteristic, it is a peninsular country with its three frontiers surrounded by sea. Such a location makes the country influenced, all the year round, both by sea winds and by seasonal winds, so that it has a good possibility of putting its rich wind resources to use as an energy source. Particularly, in view of the results of observations and analysis of actual data about wind sources, it is quite possible to build wind paver plants in many regions across the country, such as inhabited islands dotted on its southern and western coasts around the Korean peninsular, a number of uninhabited islets attached the main islands, large-scaled reclaimed lands, and major inland areas. In Korea, the attempt to develop the technology of wind paver generation started in the 1970's. It was since 1988, when the Law on the promotion of Alternative Energy Development was enacted, that research and development activities for employing the wind force as a part of energy source have got into full swing. At that moment, however, due to the low level of domestic technological development, such efforts were mainly focused on the attainment of basic technologies with regard to wind power generation. Recently, there have been many noticeable changes in the international as well as domestic environments, such as the conclusion of the International Climate Treaty and the increase in public concerns of natural environment. It is quite possible to predict that the demand for wind paver generation will increase in the near future. Therefore, recognizing that wind, as a clean energy source, can be a promising method for coping with the International Climate Treaty and for replacing the fossil fuel, oil, this essay investigates the development history of wind paver generation systems and the status of technological development in Korea and presents an appropriate model for the development of the paver generation system that can compete with other energy sources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to propose a standard putting green management program to prepare fast green suitable for international golf tournaments, and to conform whether the reported green speed model can be applied to the real field situations. The west course of Lakeside Country Club was selected for the case study. This study was initiated on August 1st, 2001 and continued through October 4th, 2001. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Following the long-term schedule, 'penncross' creeping bentgrass turf was mowed at 5.0mm(37days), 4.5mm(8days), 4.0mm(4days), 3.5mm(2days), 3.2mm(2days), 3.0mm(2days), 2.8mm(2days) and the mowing direction was changed daily. Variation of mowing height was reduced to a minimum range. Core aerification with deep tines was applied 19 days prior to the first practice round. Dry sand maintenance was top-dressed 2 times at 1.5mm/$m^2$ on the 17th day and 1.0mm/$m^2$ on the 10th day. Minimum irrigation was applied to keep the turf alive. During the tournament preparation week, dew on the putting greens was removed by using a sponge roller. Following the dew removal, the greens were cut once each morning at a height of 2.8mm. The mower used was the 21 inch working behind mower equipped with a tournament bedknife and 11 reel blades. Following the mowing, the peens were rolled with a light-weight roller in one direction in the morning. Rolling was used as a finishing technique to ensure that the surface was as smooth as possible, and to provide true ball roll and maximum green speed. In conclusion these management practices satisfied the daily green stimpmeter readings required for USGA championship play. 2. During the period of tournament preparation, no damage was observed on the green, but scalping in green edge appeared in about 0.39% of the total area of 18 greens in the west course.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.18 no.6A
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• pp.51-61
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• 2008

This paper suggests a new way to implement high speed AES on Intel Core2 processors and AMD Athlon64 processors, which are used all over the world today. First, Core2 Processors of EM64T architecture's memory-access-instruction processing efficiency are lower than calculus-instruction processing efficiency. So, previous AES implementation techniques, which had a high rate of memory-access-instruction, could cause memory-bottleneck. To improve this problem we present the partial round key techniques that reduce the rate of memory-access-instruction. The result in Intel Core2Duo 3.0 Ghz Processors show 185 cycles/block and 2.0 Gbps's throughputs in ECB mode. This is 35 cycles/block faster than bernstein software, which is known for being the fastest way. On the other side, in AMD64 processors of AMD64 architecture, by removing bottlenecks that occur in decoding processing we could improve the speed, with the result that the Athlon64 processor reached 170 cycles/block. The result that we present is the same performance of Matsui's unpublished software.