• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.3 s.168
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• pp.78-85
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• 2005

The static implicit finite element method is applied effectively to analyze total roof panel stamping processes, which include the forming stage. complicated and abnormal Large size roof panel was analyzed by using commercial program called AutoForm. Analysis results examining possibility and validity of the AutoForm software and the factor study are presented. Further, the simulated results for the total roof panel stamping processes are shown and discussed. Its application is being increased especially in the automotive industrial area for the cost reduction, weight saving, and improvement of strength.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

It is difficult to build a hipped and gable roof in slender rectangular type due to restraint in variation of lateral length caused by gongpo arranged on the side, purlin space and the form of gable part and aesthetical effect of chunyeo maru. Against this backdrop and with the assumption that this phenomenon is more apparent in roofs of three-bay-kan Buddhist temples with the hipped and gable roof among national treasure Buddhist temples, this study has aimed to prove that a roof can be built in a less slender rectangular type than that of flat form and to present the building methodology and found the following findings. First, The ratio of lateral to longitudinal length of the roof has been adjusted by protruding the chunyeo and the method of adjusting the ratio of lateral to longitudinal length of the roof is considered to be determined depending on the availability of woods to be used in chunyeo. Second, in order to symmetrically arrange the edge of the roof, which is critical from the perspective of construction morphology, the chunyeo angle has been intentionally adjusted to reduce the gap of length between the front roof and the lateral roof. To sum up, the characteristic of the hipped and gable roof, which is difficult to be built in slender rectangular type, is more clearly shown in the roof and it is identified that the length of the front roof and the lateral roof has been intentionally adjusted to achieve the symmetrical arrangement of roofline of the roof edge.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.55-58
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• 2009

Traditional pile-buildings in Southeast Asia has high utility. Their floors are lifted above the ground to stave off humidity in the house, increase the amenity and hygienic condition, fend off fierce animals or harmful animals like rat, and protect the house from being submerged in flood waters. Such traditional pile-buildings have Austronesian saddle-backed roof commonly, and are built through various techniques such as joining and mortising, without use of nails. The roof has a considerably large proportional appearance, and for this formal characteristics, the roof is symbolized as boat on occasions. The roof has dual structures or is lifted in some cases to facilitate the ventilation, and the wall is formed to maximize the ventilation. This housing types the hierarchy of foundation, housing space, and roof, which implies religious symbolism that human is above animal and God is above human. However, housing types in Southeast Asia have very different detailed form and culture, depending on the ethnic and religious characteristics. As explained above, this study examines the common aspects and diversity based on the form and culture of traditional housing of Southeast Asia and provides useful basic academic data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.67-75
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• 2017

This paper overall and systematically investigates of basic design know-how on commonly indwelling timber framework in a folk house in Yeosu area. in other words, Setting the goal of 'investigates of common form of timber framework', and for this goal, surveyed and analyzed for folk house a lot of findable in Yeosu area. As a result, elicits for four types plural common form((1) 4 front 'kan' - a hipped roof construction - front 'toi'/3 'ryang' - no central pillar/side beam type, (2) 4 front 'kan' - a hipped roof construction - front 'toi'/3 'ryang' - one side central pillar/central side beam type, (3) 4 front 'kan' - a hipped roof construction - front/back 'toi'/2'kozu'5'ryang' - no central pillar/side beam type, (4) 4 front 'kan' - a hipped roof construction - front/back 'toi'/'2kozu'5'ryang' - one side central pillar/central side beam type). Common form is at that time, so commonly located in the head of the technician that a form that play an exemplary role in design, or it is concretely assumed for commonly aimed form. in other words, Common form is come into existence on premise for basic design data. Documentation of folk house design know-how is done through this, and the base design and specification of korean private house is written in the contents divided into by areas.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to analyze the skylights and roof structures designed by Marie Botta from the viewpoint of the space, the form and the light source, and thus to find out their characteristics. For this purpose, his 13 major works were selected and analyzed according to the principle of design, which could explain the characteristics of skylight and roof structures sufficiently. Trough this study, the followings are realized. 1) The skylights are the main light source in the interiors of his buildings that are comparatively dark, being enclosed by thick materials such as bricks. The roof structures have been precisely designed to disperse the light effectively 2) The skylight and roof structures play the role of form-creating elements in his buildings. They create the unique images for the exteriors and endow form to the interiors. 3) The skylight also serves as a window to communicate with nature outside. Through the skylight, people in his buildings are able to perceive the flow of time and enjoy the scenery of the sky. 4) The light that showers through the skylight and adjusted by roof structures produces special atmosphere in his projects. In his interiors, people can experience a somewhat miraculous and sacred feeling with the light from above. 5) The skylight has meaning as a symbol. It symbolize the relationship between the earth and the sky. Also, in religious projects, a skylight provides a symbolic vision of Heaven for Christians. Comparing with recent works presented in our country, which emphasize simple interiors using artificial light, Botta's works suggest another form of design differentiated from the works of our designers in that Botta's works not only take advantage of natural light by using skylights and roof structures but also utilize them as form-creating elements.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2016

Recently developed trenchless construction methods ensure stability for the ground settlement by inserting steel pipes along the underpass section and integrating steel pipes before ground excavation to form pipe-roof. This study is to confirm the reinforcing effect of pipe-roof by measuring lateral earth pressure acting on the underpass constructed by the STS (Steel Tube Slab) construction method. For this purpose, lateral earth pressure was measured at the left and right side of the pipe-roof after installing earth pressure cells. As a result, lateral earth pressure was measured with considerable reduction because the integrated pipe-roof shared surcharge. Therefore, economic design for the underpass could be expected by sharing design load by pipe-roof. In addition, construction cost was analyzed according to the design-load sharing ratio by pipe-roof. As pipe-roof shares design load by 40%, the total construction cost can decrease by almost 10% in the case of four-lane underpass.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

This study is about finding out characteristic of recognition individual housing in seaside of Donghae. To accomplish this purpose, we survey the 150 houses related to the landscape. Thus the major analysis is to take basic data, such as image(modern, western, traditional, etc) about exterior form of housing corresponding to the landscape. The result summarized as follows First, the elements for the characteristic of recognition were exterior material finish, exterior color, roof type, roof material finish, window size, roof slope, area of wall vs roof. Second, the image of traditional housing was very insufficient to plan landscape of housing with design elements. This research suggests that landscape housing of future is to be environmental landscape design and the proper design is to be various considering not only user's preference but also control of landscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2005

The static implicit finite element method is applied effectively to analyze total roof panel stamping processes, which include the forming stage. complicated and abnormal Large size roof panel was analyzed by using commercial program called AutoForm. Analysis results examining possibility and validity of the AutoForm software and the factor study are presented. Further, the simulated results for the total roof panel stamping processes are shown and discussed. Its application is being increased especially in the automotive industrial area for the cost reduction, weight saving, and improvement of strength.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to find out the recent trends of hanok design based on 58 hanoks appeared in architecture magazines in the last 10 years. The cases are analyzed in terms of location, size, building form, spatial organization, material, roof form, and the ceiling form of living room. The consequences of this study is as follows; Most of the recent hanoks are built in rural area (91.4%), which shows the hanok is not accepted as an urban house type. Hanoks tend to be built in 2 stories whose 2nd floor is smaller than the 1st floor. (34.5%) The preferred size is total floor area of $99.2{\sim}165.2m^2$ (62.0%), 3 rooms (46.6%) with a traditional ondol room (60.3%). The buildings with ㄱ-shape (43.1%) and linear-shape (27.6%) are preferred, and the compact plan type similar with apartment house appears (13.8%). In the roof design that greatly influences the appearance of building, the traditional design factors such as half-hipped roof (55.2%), double eaves (27.6%), and eaves curve tend to be sustained. In terms of spatial organization, most of recent hanoks have double-layed plan (74.2%). The living room mostly has separately defined space. (82.8%) The indoor and outdoor tend to be connected by a narrow wooden veranda (39.7%), while some cases don't have any wooden floor space (48.3%). The entrance is adopted as an important spatial element in front part of building (75.9%), and it influences the appearance of building. The living room, the counterpart of the wooden floor hall in traditional hanok, and kitchen tend to be interiorized. In terms of material, the cement roof tile and red clay brick are preferred. Consequently, the walls of recent hanoks have the image of brick structure rather than the wooden frame structure of traditonal hanok.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.10-17
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• 2005

This Study is concerned with the acceptance of Western timber structure and the interior space of church buildings in the early modern period in Korea. Timber roofs have represented a wide variety of constructional forms and have been fundamental to any technological appraisal of the evolution of both of Western and Eastern architecture. Especially the roof structure of the church buildings reflects the technological level, aesthetic sense, and spacial concepts of the age. Between Western timber structure and Korean timber structure, there are many differences in not only structural form but also form of roof, members, load, frame system and etc. And there were various types of framing technique such as timber truss, timber arch, timber vault in the western style church architecture in the early modern period in Korea. I have summarized the character of the acceptance process of Western timber structure and the influences on the interior space of church buildings.