• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2011

암석의 파괴조건식으로 Mohr-Coulomb 및 Hoek-Brown 함수가 널리 이용되고 있으나 이들 함수는 중간주 응력을 고려할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 최근의 연구결과에 의하면 암석의 파괴강도는 중간주응력의 크기에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 주요 암반구조물의 안전설계를 위해서는 중간주응력이 고려된 3차원 암석파괴조건식이 도입될 필요성이 있다. 이 연구에서는 주응력좌표계의 자오면에서 선형으로 나타나며 또한 Mohr-Coulomb 파괴곡면의 모서리에 부드럽게 접하는 3차원 파괴함수인 Jiang & Pietruszczak(1988) 함수가 암석의 진삼축압축강도 예측에 활용될 수 있는 가능성에 대하여 논의하였다. Jiang & Pietruszczak 함수를 이용하여 실제 진삼축압축시험 결과를 모사함으로써 이 함수의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
• /
• pp.521-532
• /
• 2008

Supporting system design and construction management for the soft and hard rock layers with fractured zones are very important theme for the safety of temporary retaining wall, surrounding ground and structures in the urban deep excavation for the construction of subway, railway, building etc. The prevailing design method of supporting system for the soft and hard rock layers in the deep excavation is mostly carrying out by simplification without proper consideration for the characteristic of rock discontinuities. Therefore the behaviors of rock discontinuities and fractured zones dominate the whole safety of excavation work in the real construction stage, serious disaster due to the failure of temporary retaining wall can be induced in the case of developing large deformations in the ground and large axial forces in the supporting system. This paper introduces examples of deep excavation where the soft and hard rock layers with fractured zones were designed to be supported by shotcrete and rock bolt, deformations of corresponding ground and supporting systems in the construction period and increments of axial force in the upper earth anchors and strut due to the these deformations were investigated through detailed analysis of measurement data, the results were so used for the management of consecutive construction that led to the safe and economical completion of excavation work. The effort of this article aims to improve and develop the technique of design and construction in the coming projects having similar ground condition and supporting method.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.388-396
• /
• 2009

록볼트는 지하공동 굴착시 암반의 과도한 이완을 초기에 방지할 수 있는 가장 중요한 터널 지보재 중 하나이다. 국내외에서 록볼트의 설치에 따른 침하저감 및 보강효과, 다양한 록볼트 형태에 따른 터널 안정성 증대효과 등 록볼트 지보효과에 대한 많은 연구는 있으나, 록볼트에 긴장력을 가함으로써 절리암반의 지반보강 효과에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 수평절리암반을 모사한 모형지반에서 록볼트의 긴장력 및 설치간격을 변수로 하여 대형모형실험을 실시하여, 록볼트에 의한 지반 보강효과를 확인하였다. 록볼트의 긴장력에 의한 절리암반 보강효과를 확인하기 위하여 단순보를 조성하여 긴장력과 설치간격을 변수로 하였다. 굴착에 따른 모형지반 중앙하부 처짐량을 측정하여 록볼트로 보강된 보강영역의 지반변형계수를 도출하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.363-376
• /
• 2007

A FE-BE procedure is presented for dynamic analysis of concrete arch dams. In this technique, dam body is discretized by finite elements, while foundation rock is handled by three dimensional boundary element formulation. This would allow a rigorous inclusion of dam-foundation rock interaction, with no limitations imposed on geometry of canyon shape. Based on this method, a previously developed program is modified, and the response of Morrow Point arch dam is studied for various ratios of foundation rock to dam concrete elastic moduli under an empty reservoir condition. Furthermore, the effects of canyon shape on response of dam, is also discussed.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.251-264
• /
• 1992

In this study, the size effect in measuring the fracture toughness of rock was investigated using the ISRM Suggested Method for Fracture toughness using Chevron Bend Specimens. Total 58 specimens were prepared with 4 different diameters, 29, 42, 54, 68mm and center cut-chevron notch. In addition to this, to evaluated the effect of anisotropy of Jecheon granite, which is the sample for this study, core drilling direction was adjusted perpendicular(short transverse) and parallel(arrester) to the rift plane in the sample and the measured fracture toughness for each direction were compared. Important results obtained from this study are as follows. Level ll test condition is more adequate than l, because of low data scattering and precision and corrected fracture toughness of Jechoen granite measured and 2.2MPa{{{{ SQRT { m} }}}} for arrester direction with minimum initial crack length 0.7cm. From the relationship between core diameter and initial crack length presented in the ISRM testing method, the specimen diameter should be bigger than 47mm. The fracture toughnesses measured for arrester and short transverse directon show 10% difference. This is to the anisotropy of Jecheon granite possessing rift plane.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.494-505
• /
• 2006

In this study, using constant normal stiffness(CNS) direct shear tests, side shear load distribution were analyzed by the influencing parameters of unconfined compressive strength, surface roughness, confining stress, and material properties. Based on the CNS tests, side shear load transfer function of drilled shafts in rock is proposed using geological strength index(GSI), which indicates discontinuity and surface condition of rock mass in Hoek-Brown criterion. Though comparisons with results of nine drilled shafts's load tests, it is found that the load-transfer curve by this study is in good agreement with the general trend observed by in situ measurements, and thus represents a significant improvement in the prediction of bearing capacity of drilled shaft.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2016

Fusion and characterization of bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether based thermosetting polymer mortars containing an epoxy resin, Fly ash and Rock sand are presented here for the Experimental study. The specimens have been prepared by means of an innovative process, in mild conditions, of commercial epoxy resin, Fly ash and Rock sand based paste. In this way, thermosetting based hybrid mortars characterized by a different content of normalized Fly ash and Rock sand by a homogeneous dispersion of the resin have been obtained. Once hardened, these new composite materials show improved compressive strength and toughness in respect to both the Fly ash and the Rock sand pastes since the Resin provides a more cohesive microstructure, with a reduced amount of micro cracks. The micro structural characterization allows pointing out the presence of an Interfacial Transition Zone similar to that observed in cement based mortars. A correlation between micro-structural features and mechanical properties of the mortar has also been studied.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2001

우리나라의 양수발전소는 지금까지 단일공동을 굴착하였다. 그러나 양양 양수발전소는 두 개의 대공동 즉, 발전소와 주 변전소로 구성된다. 이 경우 공동 구조물의 안정성, 특히 두 공동사이에 형성되는 암주를 영구적으로 안전하게 유지할 수 있도록 보장되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 개별요소법을 이용하여 두 공동과 암주의 구조적 안정성을 평가하였으며, 구성모델로 Barton-Bandis의 절리모델을 이용하였다. 현지 암반의 초기응력, 자연절리면의 거칠기계수, 불연속면의 공간적 분포 특성과 같은 중요한 요인들은 현지 조사를 통하여 구하였다. 이외에 두가지 경우 즉, 무보강과 보강의 경우 지보시스템의 최적화를 분석하였으며, 또한 보강효과를 검토하였다. 연구결과 보강의 경우 수평변위와 절리의 전단변위가 감소되었으며 암주내 이완영역 역시 감소됨을 확인하였다. 두 공동사이에 있는 약 36 m 두께의 암주에 적절한 보강조치를 취하여 안정성을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.237-248
• /
• 2000

역학적으로 안정한 공동 및 처분공 간격을 결정하기 위해, 현재 수행 중인 열 해석의 중간 결과를 근거로 범용 해석 프로기램인 ABAQUS 버전 5.8을 이용해 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 세 가지 초기지압을 조건으로 공동간격과 처분공 간격을 바꿔가면서 선형탄성해석을 수행하였고. 그 결과를 분석하여 굴착 후 응력재분배에 의한 암반의 거동은 어떤 경향을 가지고 있으며, 적절한 공동 간격 및 처분공 간격은 어느 정도가 좋은지를 분석하였다. 또한 각 경우 역학적인 안전계수는 어느 정도인지도 계산하였다. 국내지압분포를 근거로 도출한 초기지압 하에서는 공동간격 40m, 처분공간격 3m인 경우 안전계수 3.42가 계산되어 아주 안정한 결과를 얻었고, 스웨덴이나 캐나다의 초기지압 경힘식의 경우의 안전계수는 각각 1.19와 1.27로 비교적 낮은 값이지만 1 이상의 값이므로 응력재분배로 인한 파괴는 일어나지 않는다는 결과를 얻었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2022

Various approaches have been applied to transform aquaculture from a manual, labour-intensive industry to one dependent on automation technologies in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Technologies associated with the monitoring of physical condition have successfully been applied in most aquafarm facilities; however, real-time biological monitoring systems that can observe fish condition and behaviour are still required. In this study, we used a video recorder placed on top of a fish tank to observe the swimming patterns of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), first one fish alone and then a group of five fish. Rock bream in the video samples were successfully identified using the you-only-look-once v3 algorithm, which is based on the Darknet-53 convolutional neural network. In addition to recordings of swimming behaviour under normal conditions, the swimming patterns of fish under abnormal conditions were recorded on adding an anaesthetic or lowering the salinity. The abnormal conditions led to changes in the velocity of movement (3.8 ± 0.6 cm/s) involving an initial rapid increase in speed (up to 16.5 ± 3.0 cm/s, upon 2-phenoxyethanol treatment) before the fish stopped moving, as well as changing from swimming upright to dying lying on their sides. Machine learning was applied to datasets consisting of normal or abnormal behaviour patterns, to evaluate the fish behaviour. The proposed algorithm showed a high accuracy (98.1%) in discriminating normal and abnormal rock bream behaviour. We conclude that artificial intelligence-based detection of abnormal behaviour can be applied to develop an automatic bio-management system for use in the aquaculture industry.