• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.743-752
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of current surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of a resin composite luting cement bonded to ceramic surfaces and to identify the optimum cement type. Material and methods. The sixty zirconia ceramic specimens(10 per group) with EVEREST milling machine and 60 tooth block were made. The zirconia ceramic surface was divided into two groups according to surface treatment: (1) airborne abrasion with $110{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide particles; (2) Rocatec system, tribochemical silica coating. The zirconia ceramic specimens were cemented to tooth block using resin cements. The tested resin cements were Rely X ARC, Panavia F and Superbond C&B. Each specimen was mount in a jig of the universal testing machine for shear strength. The results were subjected to 2-way ANOVA and Post hoc tests was performed using Tukey, Scheffe, and Bonferroni test. Results. The mean value of shear bond strength(MPa) were as follows: $$RelyXARC(+Al_2O_3),5.35{\pm}1.69$$; $$RelyXARC(+Rocatec),8.50{\pm}2.13$$; $$PanaviaF(+Al_2O_3),9.58{\pm}1.13$$; $$PanaviaF(+Rocatec),12.98{\pm}1.71$$; $$SuperbondC&B(+Al_2O_3)8.27{\pm}2.04$$; $$SuperbondC&B(+Rocatec),14.46{\pm}2.39$$. There was a significant increase in the shear bond strength when the ceramic surface was subjected to the tribochemical treatment(Rocatec 3M) in all cement groups(P<0.05). Bonding strengths of cements applied to samples treated with $Al_2O_3$ were compared; Rely X ARC showed the lowest values, whereas Panavia F cement showed higher value than that of Superbond C&B group with no statistical significance. When the bond strength of cements with of Rocatec treatment was compared, Rely X ARC showed lowest values. Overall, it was apparent that tribochemical treated Super-Bond possessed higher mean bond strength (14.46MPa; P<0.05) than that of Panavia F cement group with no significance. Conclusions. Silica coating followed silanization(Rocatec treatment) increase the bond strength between resin cement and zirconia ceramic. Panavia F containing phosphate monomer and Superbond C&B comprised of 4-META tend to bond chemically with zirconia ceramic, thus demonstrating higher bond strength compared to BisGMA resin cement. Superbond C&B has shown to have highest value of bonding strength to zirconia ceramic after Rocatec treatment compared to other cement.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.599-610
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• 2005

Purpose: The success of the bonding between electroformed gold and ceramic is dependent on the surface treatment of the pure gold coping. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding strength between the electroformed gold and ceramic with varying surface treatment. Materials and methods: A total of 32 disks,8 were using conventional ceramometal alloy, 24 were using electroforming technique as recommended by manufacturer, were prepared. 24 electroformed disks were divided 3 groups according to surface treatment, i.e. 50 microns aluminium oxide sandblasting(GES-Sand), gold bonder treatment(GES-Bond) and $Rocatec^{TM}$ system(GES-Rocatec). For control group of conventional alloy 50 microns aluminium oxide treatment was done(V-Supragold). Energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscope image were observed. Using universal testing machine, shear bond strength and bonding failure mode at metal-porcelain interface were measured. Results and Conclusion: The following conclusions were drawn: 1. In the energy dispersive x-ray analysis, the Au was main component in electroformed gold(99.9wt%). After surface treatment, a little amount of $Al_2O_3(2.4wt%)$ were found in GES-Sand, and $SiO_2(4wt%)$ in GES-Bond. In GES-Rocatec, however, a large amount of $SiO_2(17.4wt%)$ were found. 2. In the scanning electron microscopy, similar pattern of surface irregu larities were observed in V-Supragold and GES-Sand. In GES-Bond, surface irregularities were increased and globular ceramic particles were observed. In GES-Rocatec, a large amount of silica particles attached to metal surface with increased surface irregularities were observed. 3. The mean shear bond strength values(MPa) in order were $22.9{\pm}3.7(V-Supragold),\;22.1{\pm}3.8(GES-Bond),\;20.1{\pm}2.8(GES-Rocatec)\;and\;13.0{\pm}1.4(GES-Sand)$. There was no significant difference between V-Supragold, GES-Bond, and GES-Rocatec. (P>0.05) 4. Most bonding failures modes were adhesive type in GES-Sand. However, in V-Supragold, GES-Bond and GES-Rocatec, cohesive and combination failures were commonly observed. From the result, with proper surface treatment method electroformed gold may have enough strength compare to conventional ceramometal alloy.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate possibility of using indirect composite resin instead of porcelain through the measurement of shear bond strength between zirconia core and indirect composite resin under treatment of $Rocatec^{TM}$ system for improving the adhesion of indirect composite resin. 20 cylindrical zirconia core specimens were divided into 2 groups, according to zirconia surface treatment and attached materials: 1) treated with sandblast and attached with indirect composite resin, 2) treated with sandblast + $Rocatec^{TM}$ system and attached with indirect composite resin. The shear bond strength of each experimental group was measured by MTS and the changes of zirconia core surface according to surface treatments were obtained by SEM observation and measurements of surface roughness. The mean shear bond strength values are $0.55\;{\pm}\;0.11MPa$(Group SC) and $1.16\;{\pm}\;0.46MPa$(Group SRC). The mean Ra values for the surface treatments were follows: $0.39\;{\pm}\;0.13$($100{\beta}_{{\mu}m}$ sandblast) and $0.50\;{\pm}\;0.03$($100{\beta}_{{\mu}m}$ sandblast + $Rocatec^{TM}$ system). In the analysis of EDS, Si element was detected in the Group SC. The shear bond strength between zirconia core and indirect composite resin was improved significantly by using $Rocatec^{TM}$ system.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 지르코니아 표면처리에 따른 3종의 레진시멘트와 지르코니아의 전단결합강도를 평가하기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 총 143개의 디스크 모양의 지르코니아 블록(HASS Co., Gangneung, Korea) 시편을 제작하고 총 13개군(n=11)으로 나누었다. 그중9개군은 표면처리 방식(1. 알루미나 분사, 2. 알루미나 분사와 지르코니아 라이너의 도포, 3.알루미나 분사와 Rocatec (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 처리) 및 사용한 3종류의 레진시멘트(Bistite II (Tokuyama Dental Co., Japan), Panavia F2.0 (Kuraray Medical, Japan), Super-bond C&B (Sun Medical, Japan))에 따라 나누어 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험을 시행하였다. 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험은 위 3종류의 레진시멘트를 3가지 방법으로 표면처리한 지르코니아 시편에 접착하고, 상온의 증류수에 24시간 동안 보관한 후, 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 열순환처리 후 접착강도 실험은, 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험에서 우수한 전단결합강도를 보인 지르코니아 표면처리군(알루미나 분사와 Rocatec 처리를 하고 3종류의 레진시멘트를 접착한 3개의 군)과 대조군으로 알루미나만으로 표면처리 후 Super-bond C&B를 접착한 1개의 군을 대상으로 $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$사이에서 5,000회 열순환처리를 시행하고 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 결과: 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험에서는 알루미나 분사와 Rocatec 처리를 한 지르코니아 표면에 Super-bond C&B를 접착한 군이 가장 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. Super-bond C&B를 사용한 군이 다른 시멘트 군보다 유의성 있게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으며, 지르코니아 표면에 Rocatec 처리를 한 군이 다른 표면처리를 한 군보다 유의성 있게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. 열순환처리를 한 후에는, Rocatec 처리를 한 지르코니아 표면에 Super-bond C&B를 접착한 군만이 유일하게 전단결합강도가 증가하였으며, 다른 모든 군에서는 전단결합강도가 감소하였다. 결론: 본 실험에서는 Super-bond C&B 시멘트가 가장 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으며, Rocatec 시스템은 레진시멘트와 지르코니아의 전단결합강도를 향상시키는 방법이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2009

본 연구는 지르코니아의 연마 정도와 tribochemical coating 등 두 가지 표면처리가 두 가지 레진 시멘트, 즉 Bis-GMA 계 레진 시멘트와 자가접착형 레진 시멘트와의 결합력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 연구 비교하였다. $1{\mu}m$과 $50{\mu}m$ 의 다이아몬드 디스크로 연마한 지르코니아 시편을 만들어 접착기전이 다른 두 가지 레진 시멘트 RelyX ARC(3M Espe, USA)와 RelyX Unicem(3M Espe, USA)으로 결합시켰다. 지르코니아 표면에 로카텍 시스템 처리를 한 군과 하지 않은 군을 비교해 지르코니아와 레진 시멘트 사이의 전단결합강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 로카텍 시스템으로 표면처리를 한 군이 하지 않은 군에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다(P < 0.001). 2. 로카텍 시스템으로 표면처리를 한 군에서는 $50{\mu}m$ 연마 군이 $1{\mu}m$ 연마 군에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으며 통계학적 유의성을 보였다(P <0.001). 그러나 로카텍 처리를 하지 않은 군에서는 $50{\mu}m$ 연마 군과 $1{\mu}m$ 연마 군 간의 차이는 없었다(P >0.01). 3. RelyX Unicem을 이용하여 접착한 군이 RelyX ARC를 이용하여 접착한 군에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다(P < 0.01). 본연구의 결과에 따르면, 새로운 형태의 자가접착형 레진 시멘트의 지르코니아와의 전단결합강도는 기존의 Bis-GMA 계 레진 시멘트보다 우수하였으나, 제조자의 지시와 달리 지르코니아 표면에 로카텍 처리를 하는 것이 전단결합강도의 증진에 매우 효과적이었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.262-272
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• 2022

PURPOSE. This study aimed to analyze the shear bond strength between the 3D-printed denture base and the chairside relining material, according to the surface treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical specimens were prepared using DENTCA Denture Base II. The experimental groups were divided into 6 (n = 10): no surface treatment (C), Tokuyama Rebase II Normal adhesive (A), sandblasting (P), sandblasting and adhesive (PA), sandblasting and silane (PS), and the Rocatec system (PPS). After bonding the chairside relining material to the center of the specimens in a cylindrical shape, they were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure mode was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Shear bond strength values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey's honest significant difference test was used for post-hoc analysis (P < .05). RESULTS. Group PPS exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength than all other groups. Groups P and PA displayed significantly higher bond strengths than the control group. There were no significant differences between groups PS and A compared to the control group. Regarding the failure mode, adhesive failure occurred primarily in groups C and A, and mixed failure mainly in groups P, PA, PS, and PPS. CONCLUSION. The shear bond strength between the 3D-printed denture base and the chairside relining material exhibited significant differences according to the surface treatment methods. It is believed that excellent adhesive strength will be obtained when the Rocatec system is applied to 3D-printed dentures in clinical practice.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 표면처리방법이 지르코니아와 네 종류의 시멘트의 전단결합 강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 총 120개의 디스크 모양의 산화 지르코늄 (3Y-TZP, Kyoritsu, Tokyo, Japan) 시편을 다음과 같이 표면처리 하였다: (1) $110\;{\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사처리 (2) Silica coating ($Rocatec^{TM}$ 3M ESPE)를 이용한 표면처리 (3) 처리하지 않음. 각각의 표면 처리 후, 2종의 자가 접착형 시멘트 (RelyX Unicem, Maxcem)와 레진 강화 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트 (RelyX Luting), Bis-GMA 레진 시멘트 (Nexus3)를 시편에 부착하였으며 각 군은 UTM을 이용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 표면처리, 시멘트의 종류에 따른 결합강도의 차이를 살펴보기 위하여 일원변량분석 (One-way ANOVA)과 이원변량분석 (two-way ANOVA)을 이용하고 사후 분석으로 Tukey HSD test를 실시하였다. 결과: 로카텍 처리 후, RelyX Unicem을 부착한 군이 가장 높은 결합 강도를 보였으며 (P<.05) 알루미나 분사처리를 한 군과 로카텍 처리를 한 군은 아무런 처리를 하지 않은 군보다 유의하게 높은 결합 강도를 보였다 (P<.05). 또한 모든 표면상태에서 RelyX Luting은 다른 군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 가장 낮은 결합강도를 보였다 (P<.05). 결론: 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 RelyX Unicem은 지르코니아와 강한 결합력을 보였으며 로카텍 처리는 결합을 증진시키는데 효과적이었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.216-227
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• 2007

Statement of problem: For the long-term success of removable partial dentures, the bonding between metal framework and denture base resin is one of the important factors. To improve bonding between those, macro-mechanical retentive form that is included metal framework design has been generally used. However it has been known that sealing at the interface between metal framework and denture base resin is very weak, because this method uses mechanical bonding. Purpose: Many studies has been made to find a simple method which induces chemical bond, now various bonding system is applied to clinic. In this experiment, shear bond strengths of heat-cured denture base resin to the surface-treated Co-Cr alloy were measured before and after thermocycling. Chemically treated groups with Alloy $Primer^{TM}$, Super-Bond $C&B^{TM}$, and tribochemically treated group with $Rocatec^{TM}$ system were compared to the beadtreated control group. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA. Result: 1. Shear bond strength of bead-treated group is highest, and Alloy $Primer^{TM}$ treated group, Super-Bond $C&B^{TM}$ treated group, RocatecTM system treated group were followed. Statistically significant differences were found in each treated group(p<0.05). 2. Surface treatment and thermocycling affected shear bond strength(p<0.05), however there was no interaction between two factors(p>0.05). 3. Shear bond strengths of bead-treated group and Alloy $Primer^{TM}$ treated group showed no statistically significant difference before and after thermocycling(p>0.05), and those of Super-Bond $C&B^{TM}$ treated group and $Rocatec^{TM}$ system treated group showed statistically significant difference after thermocycling(p<0.05).

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strengths of treated alloy surfaces for resin bonded retainers. For the experiment metal surfaces of 5 alloys were teated with sandblasting, Silicoating Rocatec, and cemented with Visio-Gem. All specimens divided into two groups. The group I specimens were treated with 24-hour immersion in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water, and group II specimens were teated with 1500 thermo-cycles from $5^{\circ}C\;to\;55^{\circ}C$. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Bond strength values showed significantly different between sandblasting group and other groups after a 24-hour immersion in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water(P<0.05). 2. All samples were fractured during thermo-cycles for sandblasting group, and bond strength values for Silicoating and Rocatec groups showed significantly different after 1500 thermo-cycles from $5^{\circ}C\;to\;55^{\circ}C$.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 각각 다른 표면처리를 한 지르코니아를 레진시멘트로 접착한 후 전단결합강도를 평가, 비교하는 것이다. 디스크 모양의 산화 지르코늄(3-TZP, Kyoritsu, Tokyo, Japan) 시편 120 개를 다음과 같이 표면처리 하였다. (1)110 ${\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사 처리 (2)Silica coating(RocatecTM, 3M ESPE) (3)처리하지 않음 시편을 한 군당 10 개씩 총 6 개군으로 나누어 두 개의 지르코니아 시편을 자가 접착형 레진 시멘트(RelyX U-200, 3M ESPE)로 합착하였다. (1)처리하지 않음/처리하지 않음 (2)처리하지 않음/110 ${\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사처리 (3)처리하지 않음/Silica coating (4)110 ${\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사 처리/110 ${\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사 처리 (5)110 ${\mu}m$ 산화 알루미나 분사 처리/Silica coating (6)Silica coating/Silica coating. 각 군의 전단결합강도를 만능시험기로 측정하였다. 표면처리에 따른 결합강도의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 일원변량분석(One-way ANOVA)을 이용하고 사후 분석으로 Tukey HSD test를 실시하였다. Silica coating을 한 두 개의 시편을 접착한 군이 가장 높은 결합 강도를 보였다(P<0.05). 표면 처리하지 않은 시편을 접착한 군과 두 개의 시편 모두 알루미나 분사 처리한 시편을 접착한 군은 서로 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 그 외의 군에 비해서는 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 Silica coating은 자가중합형 레진시멘트를 이용하여 접착한 두 지르코니아 간의 결합을 증진시키는데 효과적이었다.