• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

In this study, long-term greenhouse gas reductions expected passenger sector was used for the MESSAGE. Green Car road map proposed BAU scenario, Enhanced diffusion green car scenario, and price 1, 2 scenarios was configured with four scenarios. Enhanced diffusion green car in the scenario, in 2050 compared to BAU scenario 13% of the emissions will decrease. Price 1 and Price 2 scenario is emissions reduction of 14% compared to BAU. This study consists of six chapters. Introduction of MESSAGE, creation and RES in the year and the target year set a different base line and the passenger building materials sector activities, steps for passenger sector scenario and Based on the results of running the emissions reductions were to describe.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

Seismic design of newly built bridges can be considered and carried out during construction process according to the revised road bridge design standard issued recently. While for the existing reinforced concrete bridge priers under service before new standard implements, their resistance capacity against lateral seismic loading is inferior. In this research, seismic reinforcing for existing bridge piers by nickel-chrome alloy bar has been analyzed. Based on the established model by MIDAS program, the behaviors of bridge piers including deformation and stress with and without nickel-chrome alloy reinforcing bars have been compared and discussed under lateral seismic loading. And the advantages of using nickel-chrome alloy bar as seismic reinforcement over other materials, such as good performance, good economy etc. have been demonstrated by comparison with other researches. Also the anti-seismic efficiency of nickel-chrome alloy reinforcing bars has been confirmed by MIDAS modeling analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.50-58
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• 2014

The PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) system is highly interested to meet a need for demand-responsive transport service and increasing demands of traffic in Korea recently. And it is being spotlighted as an eco-friendly transportation system. For these reasons, researches on the PRT system are actively undergoing in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the static structural and fatigue strengths based on ASCE-APM standards and ERRI B 12/RP 17 by means of FE simulation. We also evaluate the running stability by multi-body dynamic analyses and the rollover safety by a theoretical static stability factor according to the road modeling scenarios for the PRT system. From the results of this study, we confirmed the durability and running stability of the Korean PRT under development.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2011

This study develops a day-to-day dynamics modeling framework, incorporating a consistent drivers' travel time perception behavior and traffic information provision. Descriptive traffic information is updated and provided to the subscribers making a final decision on route choice. Nonsubscribers(not equipped any information devices) are assumed to obtain daily traffic information from their experience or friends or other public agencies. Drivers' route choice behavior is modeled based on boundedly-rational behavior rules. A microscopic traffic simulation model is adopted to evaluate the network system performance. Numerical experiments on a real world network have demonstrated the convergent property of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the consistent perception model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.248-262
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• 2016

The study documents the analysis on characters and symbols shown in the pavement markings in the perspective of mathematics educators. The purpose of this study is to propose a pavement marking method that can enhance readability from the driver's eye position. To this end, this study analyzed the figure of the pavement markings that can be actually recognized by the projective geometry perspective. As a result, it proposed alternatives to the current pavement markings by introducing the concept of the compression ratio. Results of the study are as follows. First, the rule was established to obtain the compression ratio. If the observation of two viewing angles are x and y, then the compression ratio S is ${\sin}y/{\cos}\(\frac{x-y}{2}\)$. Second, we presented two alternatives to the pavement marking method for the displayed information. One is a method for improving the pavement markings in terms of the compression ratio, the other is a method by varying vertical length of the pavement markings while holding its width constant. Based on the outcomes from this study, a mathematical analysis can be further studied for the perception of speed according to the types of pavement marking line.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2017

The increasing lack of good quality soils allowing the development of roadway, motorway, or railway networks, as well as large scale industrial facilities, necessitates the use of reinforcement techniques. Their aim is the improvement of the global performance of compressible soils, both in terms of settlement reduction and increase of the load bearing capacity. Among the various available techniques, the improvement of soils by incorporating vertical stiff piles appears to be a particularly appropriate solution, since it is easy to implement and does not require any substitution of significant soft soil volumes. The technique consists in driving a group of regularly spaced piles through a soft soil layer down to an underlying competent substratum. The surface load being thus transferred to this substratum by means of those reinforcing piles, which illustrates the case of a piled embankment. The differential settlements at the base of the embankment between the soft soil and the stiff piles lead to an "arching effect" in the embankment due to shearing mechanisms. This effect, which can be accentuated by the use of large pile caps, allows partial load transfer onto the pile, as well as surface settlement reduction, thus ensuring that the surface structure works properly. A technique for producing rigid piles has been developed to achieve in a single operation a rigid circular pile associated with a cone shaped head reversed on the place of a rigid circular pile. This technique has been used with success in a pile-supported road near Bourgoin-Jallieu (France). In this article, a numerical study based on this real case is proposed to highlight the functioning mode of this new technique in the case of industrial slabs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the roundabout accidents near schools. This study gives particular attentions discussing characteristics by pedestrian accident severity using the ordered logit models. In pursuing the above, 63 roundabouts installed before 2014 are surveyed for modeling. the traffic accident data from 2014 to 2016 are collected from TAAS data set of Road Traffic Authority. Such 35variables explaining the accidents as environment, human, geometries, school and roundabout factor are selected from literature reviews. The main results are as follows. First, the ordered logit models (${\rho}^2$ of 0.272, $x^2$ of 24.723) which is statistically significant have been developed. Second, environment factor variable is analyzed to be day or night ($X_1$ ), human factor variables are evaluated to be driver gender($X_4$), older driver($X_5$), pedestrian gender($X_7$) and children pedestrian($X_8$ ). Third, geometries factor variable are analyzed to be speed limit sign($X_{16}$) and median barrier($X_{21}$), school factor variables are evaluated to be hump-type crosswalk($X_{25}$), CCTV($X_{26}$) and school zone sign($X_{27}$), roundabout factor are analyzed to be roundabout sign($X_{30}$) and number of circulatory roadway lane($X_{32}$). Finally, this study could give some implications to decreasing the accidents severity at roundabout near schools.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.2 s.32
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

The rapid growths of economy and automobiles since the 1970's have caused serious traffic jams and environmental disruption in urban areas. To relieve these problems caused by urbanization, there should be considered alternative means of transportation modes. Many developed countries have accepted bicycles as a so called "Green Mode" for environmentally oriented strategies to increase the qualities of urban lives. Korea have also attempted various means to raise bicycle usages. In this research, significant factors affecting bicycle crashes at signalized intersections in urban areas were studied. The model results showed that Poisson regression is the best fit methodology for data modeling and revealed that traffic volume, a number of driveways, configuration of the ground, presence of bicycle path, school, and bus stop, residential area, size of intersection are significant factors affecting the bicycle crashes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 2011

The Sightseeing ITS is defined as a system that gives tourists and inhabitants the information concerned with road network conditions, parking, sightseeing spots, and travel time in the relevant area. When focusing on tourists' excursion behaviors in sightseeing areas, however, it is sometimes found that they feel much annoyed with insufficient information about the area. While they also have a variety of needs to get information and make a decision about their excursions, it becomes one of important subjects to understand the actual circumstances of their information usage and to identify the causal relationship between their excursion patterns and the obtained information. This paper aims to investigate basic issues toward development of Sightseeing ITS and to modify an analytical model of tourist's excursion behavior considering information usage at Fuji five lakes Area, which is a representative sightseeing place in Japan. The relationship was analyzed using a structural equation model: information usage at the scheduling stage has an impact on tourists' individual cognition of the sightseeing area, tourists' individual cognition affects information usage at the excursion stage, and information usage at the excursion stage affects behavior during excursions. It is found that tourists' decision making behaviors on their excursion tend to depend on the information usage. This implies essential results to construct effective and customer oriented ITS.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.383-395
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• 2001

Recent measurement and simulation studies have revealed that wide area network traffic displays complex statistical characteristics-possibly multifractal scaling-on fine timescales, in addition to the well-known properly of self-similar scaling on coarser timescales. In this paper we investigate the performance and network engineering significance of these fine timescale features using measured TCP anti MPEG2 video traces, queueing simulations and analytical arguments. We demonstrate that the fine timescale features can affect performance substantially at low and intermediate utilizations, while the longer timescale self-similarity is important at intermediate and high utilizations. We relate the fine timescale structure in the measured TCP traces to flow controls, and show that UDP traffic-which is not flow controlled-lacks such fine timescale structure. Likewise we relate the fine timescale structure in video MPEG2 traces to sub-frame encoding. We show that it is possibly to construct a relatively parsimonious multi-fractal cascade model of fine timescale features that matches the queueing performance of both the TCP and video traces. We outline an analytical method ta estimate performance for traffic that is self-similar on coarse timescales and multi-fractal on fine timescales, and show that the engineering problem of setting safe operating points for planning or admission controls can be significantly influenced by fine timescale fluctuations in network traffic. The work reported here can be used to model the relevant characteristics of wide area traffic across a full range of engineering timescales, and can be the basis of more accurate network performance analysis and engineering.