• 제목/요약/키워드: Ro-Ro

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RO 농축수 처리를 위한 SBR과 MLE 공정의 비교 평가 (A comparative study on SBR and MLE Process for RO Retentate Treatment)

  • 김일회;이상일
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.907-915
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    • 2011
  • In this study, the SBR and MLE process was performed for a removal of the RO retentate and the nitrogen removal efficiency was evaluated. The inflow-rate of two processes was set a 10 L/day. The SBR process was operated a two cycle as HRT per one cycle was 12hr and the HRT of the anoxic and aerobic tank was respectively 7.5 hr and 16.5 hr. The methanol was injected for an effective denitrificaion owing to a low C/N ratio of the RO retentate. The two processes were effectively performed for nitrogen removal, but the average removal efficiency of the SBR process was about 94.93% better performance than the MLE process. Therefore, the SBR process demonstrated a good performance more than the MLE process for nitrogen removal of the RO retentate. The kinetic of SNR and SDNR was observed respectively 0.051 kg $NH_{3}-N/kg\;MLVSS{\cdot}dayg$ and 0.287 kg ${NO_3}^--N/kg\;MLVSS{\cdot}day$, which will be useful to design for the wastewater treatment system with a RO retentate.

역삼투-압력지연삼투 조합공정 공정모사 및 비용예측 프로그램 개발 (Development of SWRO-PRO hybrid process simulation and cost estimation program)

  • 최용준;신용현;이상호;김승현
    • 상하수도학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.299-312
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    • 2016
  • The main objective of this paper is to develop computer simulation program for performance evaluation and cost estimation of a reverse osmosis (RO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid process to propose guidelines for its economic competitiveness use in the field. A solution-diffusion model modified with film theory and a simple cost model was applied to the simulation program. Using the simulation program, the effects of various factors, including the Operating conditions, membrane properties, and cost parameters on the RO and RO-PRO hybrid process performance and cost were examined. The simulation results showed that the RO-PRO hybrid process can be economically competitive with the RO process when electricity cost is more than 0.2 $/kWh, the PRO membrane cost is same as RO membrane cost, the power density is more than $8W/m^2$ and PRO recovery is same as 1/(1-RO recovery).

UMTS와 이기종망 사이의 Mobile IPv6 지원방안 (A Novel Scheme of Providing Mobile IPv6 between the UMTS and Heterogeneous Networks)

  • 차승범;민상원;김용진
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제30권11A호
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    • pp.1012-1020
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문에서는 UMTS에 Mobile IPv6를 적용할 경우에 GGSN의 TFT packet filter에서 발생하는 문제점을 해결하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 GGSN이 Mobility option을 가지는 Mobile IPv6 시그널링 패킷을 사용, MN과 CN이 가지는 고유한 테이블을 유지하여 RO이 정상적으로 수행되지 않는 문제점을 해결하였다. 제안하는 알고리즘의 타당성을 위하여 RO이 정상적으로 수행될 경우와 그렇지 않을 경우에 지연시간 측정과 RO을 사용하더라도 패킷 전송보장이 될 경우와 그렇지 않을 경우에 대한 패킷 전송량을 측정하여 실험에 관한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

The Influence of Origin Regulations on the FTA Utilization and Export Performance of Automobile Parts Companies

  • Se-Hyun Park
    • Journal of Korea Trade
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    • 제26권8호
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    • pp.58-76
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    • 2022
  • Purpose - This study examined the Rules of Origin (RoO) as a factor affecting free trade agreements' (FTA) utilization and analyzed the causal relationship and the effects of these factors on the export performance of automobile parts companies. Design/methodology - We analyzed and verified the impact of FTA utilization and the export performance of automobile parts companies by dividing the characteristics of the RoO into complexity and uncertainty. Following which, various statistical analyses were conducted on the interrelationships among these variables. Findings - This research analyzed the effect of the RoO factors of complexity and uncertainty on the use of FTA and the export performance of automobile parts companies. We found that these characteristics of RoO were generally related to and affected the FTA use and export performance of these companies. Based on this, this study's investigation into the characteristics of the RoO would then help companies in better utilizing the FTA, as well as providing suggestions on how to effectively respond to the application of the FTA in the future. Originality/value - Companies that want to utilize FTAs in international trade must follow the RoO. In the Regional Trade Agreement (RTA), the country-of-origin is a key factor, with the RoO being an important requirement for the application of preferential tariffs. These regulations are a requirement for receiving FTA preferential treatment; however, they also cause difficulties to companies in using the FTA.

Change of Fibrinolytic and Antioxidative Activities of Codonopsis lanceolata According to Various Storage Conditions, and Heat or Salt Treatments

  • ;;김준호
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.63-69
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    • 2005
  • We investigated the changes of fibrinolytic and antioxidative activities of wild or cultivated Codonopsis lanceolata, which were packed in woven polypropylene (WP) film or low density polyethylene (LDPE) film and stored for 0, 15, and 30 days at refrigerated $(2\~4^{\circ}C)$ or room $(l8\~20^{\circ}C)$ temperature (So we have 16 samples, and wrote them as the abbreviated words such as W-WP-RE-15, W-WP-RO-15, W-LDPE-RE-15, W-LDPE-RO-15, W-WP-RE-30, W-WP-RO-30, W-LDPE-RE-30, W-LDPE-RO-30, C-WP-RE-15, C-WP-RO-15, C-LDPE-RE-15, C-LDPE-RO-15, C-WP-RE-30, C-WP-RO-30, C-LDPE-RE-30, C-LDPE-RO-30). Fibrinolytic activity of fresh Codonopsis lanceolata cultivated in the mountain or field were 0.8 unit (plasmin unit/ml) or 7.3 units, respectively. In descending order, the activities of wild Codonopsis lanceolata stored for 15 days were as followed; LDPE-RE (0.70 unit), WP-RO (0.52 unit), WP-RE (0.45 unit), and LDPE-RO (0.30 unit). After 30 days, fibrinolytic activities of them decreased to 0.47 unit (LDPE-RE), 0.28 unit (WP-RO), 0.21 unit (WP-RE), and 0.30 unit (LDPE-RO). Considering from the point of fibrinolytic activity, the optimal storage condition of wild Codonopsis lanceolata was packing with LDPE film and storing at $4^{\circ}C$. The change of fibrinolytic activities of Codonopsis lanceolata cultivated in the field revealed the similar trend as wild samples, but the fibrinolytic activities of 30 days-stored samples were maintained better than the wild Codonopsis lanceolata. Fibinolytic activity of wild Codonopsis lancealata was increased by heating for 5 min at $100^{\circ}C$ and decreased by addition of NaCl. Antioxidative activities of Codonopsis lanceolata were also compared from the electron donating activity. Fresh Codonopsis lanceolata had about $70\%$ of electron donating activity. Independent of cultivation area, electron donating activity dropped to $19\~74\%$ (wild Codonopsis lanceolata) and $27\~59\%$ (cultivated Codonopsis lanceolata) during 15 days storage. But after 30 days storage, we obtained the unexpected results, which meant that the activities were higher activities than 15 days-stored samples or even though the fresh samples. In general, Codonopsis lanceolata could maintain antioxidative activities most strongly with LDPE film and chilled condition.

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활성탄에 의한 Reactive Orange 16 염료 흡착에 대한 공정 파라미터 연구 (Study on of Process Parameters for Adsorption of Reactive Orange 16 Dye by Activated Carbon)

  • 이종집
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제21권7호
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    • pp.667-674
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    • 2020
  • 활성탄에 의한 reactive orange 16 (RO 16) 염료의 흡착은 흡착제의 양, pH, 초기 농도, 접촉시간과 온도를 흡착변수로 사용하여 실험하였으며, 분리계수, 속도상수, 율속단계, 활성화 에너지, 엔탈피, 엔트로피, 자유에너지와 같은 공정 파라미터에 대해 조사하였다. RO 16의 흡착은 활성탄 표면의 양이온 (H+)과 RO 16이 가지고 있는 설포네이트 이온 및 수산 이온사이의 정전기적 인력으로 인해 pH 3에서 흡착율이 가장 높았다. 등온자료는 Langmuir, Freundlich 및 Temkin 등온식을 적용하였다. Freundlich 상수(1/n=0.398~0.441)와 Langmuir 분리계수(RL=0.459~0.491)에 의해 활성탄에 의한 RO 16의 흡착조작은 적절한 제거방법임을 확인하였다. Temkin 식의 흡착에너지 (BT=0.293~0.576 kJ/mol) 값으로부터 이 흡착공정이 물리흡착공정이라는 것을 알았다. 흡착 동력학 실험은 RO 16의 흡착이 유사이차반응속도식에 잘 맞는 것으로 나타났다. 흡착공정의 율속단계는 입자 내 확산 단계인 것이 확인되었다. 양수값의 엔탈피 변화는 물리흡착임을 나타냈다. 음수값의 깁스 자유에너지 변화는 온도가 올라갈수록 -3.16<-11.60<-14.01 kJ/mol 순으로 작아졌다. 따라서 RO 16의 흡착공정의 자발성이 온도가 증가할수록 높아진다는 것을 보여주었다.

T-세포 항원 수용체 매개 신호전달 조절자로서 돼지 CD45RO 구조특성 (Key Structural Features of PigCD45RO as an Essential Regulator of T-cell Antigen Receptor Signaling)

  • 채한화;임다정
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제20권9호
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    • pp.211-226
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    • 2019
  • 백혈구 공통 항원인 돼지 CD45는 PTPRC 유전자에 암호화 되어 있으며, CD45엑손의 선택적 스플라이싱에 따라 다른 T-세포에서 발현되는 티로신 인산분해효소이다. CD45는 기질인 TCR의 $CD3{\zeta}$ 사슬, Lck, Fyn, Zap-70 kinase의 인산화된 티로신에서 인산을 분해하여 T-세포 항원 수용체(TCR) 매개 신호전달을 조절한다. CD45의 조절이상은 많은 면역 질환과 관련이 있어서, CD45는 면역약물 개발에 표적이 되어왔다. TCR 신호전달의 조절효과를 가진 주요 구조적 특징을 특성화하기 위해, 사람의 알려진 CD45 구조를 템플릿으로 적용하여 돼지 CD45RO(가장 작은 CD45 isoform)의 단백질 구조와 예측된 돼지 CD45RO 모델구조에 $CD3{\zeta}$ 사슬의 ITAM(REEpYDV)를 도킹하여 CD45RO/ITAM 펩타이드 결합구조를 예측하였다. 돼지 CD45RO의 구조적 특징은 세포외영역의 구조견고성과 세포질 내 티로신 인산분해효소 도메인의 KNRY와 PTP signature 기능모티프(두 기능 모티프는 ITAM 펩타이드 결합부위의 좁은 입구로 역할)에 있었다. 주요 구조특성은 돼지 CD45RO-ITAM 펩타이드 결합구조 안정성과 결합친화력을 조절하면서 기질 선택성에 영향을 준다. 돼지 CD45RO의 구조적 특성은 T-세포에 특이적인 면역 조절제를 탐색하는 데에 적용될 것이다.

Cyclic Peptide, Ro09-0198의 혈소판활성화에 대한 작용기전 (Mechanism of Platelet Activation Induced by Cyclic Peptide, Ro09-0198)

  • 정세영
    • 약학회지
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.11-14
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    • 1991
  • Ro09-0198, a cyclic peptide isolated from culture filtrates of Streptoverticillium griseove-rticillatum, induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release simultaneously. LDH release was not observed. Addition of peptide to rat platelet, loaded with $Ca^{2+}$ chelator quin-2, caused immediate rise in cytosolic free $Ca^{2+}$. Liposomal membrane containing phosphatidylethanolamine was damaged by peptide and released $^{45}Ca$ dose dependently.

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