• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2021

This paper proposes a method to minimize the target's direction detection error using RADAR. The radar system cannot accurately detect the target direction due to the phase error of he received signal. The proposed method of this study obtains a phase by applying an root mean square to each antenna incident signal, and reduces the phase error by using an optimal signal to noise ratio. In the simulation result, the probability of detecting the target direction is the best when the antenna spacing is half wavelength. The conventional method of direction detection probability 10-1.7 and the proposed method is 10-3.3. The target detection direction of the existing method represents [-8°,8°] with an error of 2 degrees. The target detection direction of the proposed method is shown in [-10°,10°], and all target directions are accurately detected. In the future, There is need for a method to reduce the phase error even though the resolution decrease.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.557-565
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• 2020

In order for thermal degradationIn, excore nuclear flux monitoring system, as a monitoring and signal processing methodology of reactor power, monitors neutron pulses generated during nuclear fission as frequency status, and converts them into DC voltage, and then log values resultantly. The methods realy applied in the nuclear power plant are to construct combination of counters and flip-flops, or diodes and capacitors up to now. These methodes are reliable for relative high frequencies, while not credible for reasonable low frequencies or extreme low values. Therefore, we developed the circuit that converts frequencies into DC voltages, into and into log DC values in the wide range from low Hz to several hundred high kHz. We proved their validities through testing them using real data used in nuclear power plant and analyzed their results. And, these methods will be used to measure the neutron level of excore nuclear flux monitoring system in nuclear power plant.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2107-2119
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• 2022

Accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction for critical components of nuclear power equipment is an important way to realize aging management of nuclear power equipment. The electric gate valve is one of the most safety-critical and widely distributed mechanical equipment in nuclear power installations. However, the electric gate valve's extended service in nuclear installations causes aging and degradation induced by crack propagation and leakages. Hence, it is necessary to develop a robust RUL prediction method to evaluate its operating state. Although the particle filter(PF) algorithm and its variants can deal with this nonlinear problem effectively, they suffer from severe particle degeneracy and depletion, which leads to its sub-optimal performance. In this study, we combined the whale algorithm with regularized particle filtering(RPF) to rationalize the particle distribution before resampling, so as to solve the problem of particle degradation, and for valve RUL prediction. The valve's crack propagation is studied using the RPF approach, which takes the Paris Law as a condition function. The crack growth is observed and updated using the root-mean-square (RMS) signal collected from the acoustic emission sensor. At the same time, the proposed method is compared with other optimization algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization algorithm, and verified by the realistic valve aging experimental data. The conclusion shows that the proposed method can effectively predict and analyze the typical valve degradation patterns.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.164-170
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• 2021

Research was conducted to analyze and improve the kinetic performance of offshore wind power generators. The shape used in this study was taken with reference to the previous paper, and the size of the repair area was designed at 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, respectively, and the exercise performance was confirmed accordingly. The sea state was calculated in Sea State 4, 5, and 6. In the calculation process, the calculation was performed using commercial computational hydrodynamics (ANSYS) and AQUA. In the case of overall exercise performance, it was confirmed that the smaller the size of the repair area, the smaller the exercise such as heave, roll, and pitch. However, it was confirmed that in the case of a shape in which the size of the repair area was rapidly reduced, there may be cases in which the restoration performance was not satisfied when the restoration calculation was performed. In addition, it was confirmed that there may be an appropriate repair surface depending on the sea condition.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the reliability and validity of static balance measurements using an acceleration sensor and a gyroscope sensor in smart phone inertial sensors. Design: Equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Methods: Subjects were forty five healthy adults aged twenty to fifty-years-old who had no disease that could affect the experiment. After pre-test, all participants wore a waist band with smart phone, and conducted six static balance measurements on the force plate twice for 35 seconds each. To investigate the test-retest reliability of both smart phone inertial sensors, we compared the intra-correlation coefficient (ICC 3, 1) between primary and secondary measurements with the calculated root mean scale-total data. To determine the validity of the two sensors, it was measured simultaneously with force plate, and the comparision was done by Pearson's correlation. Results: The test-retest reliability showed excellent correlation for acceleration sensor, and it also showed excellent to good correlation for gyroscope sensor(p<0.05). The concurrent validity of smartphone inertial sensors showed a mostly poor to fair correlation for tandem-stance and one-leg-stance (p<0.05) and unacceptable correlation for the other postures (p>0.05). The gyroscope sensor showed a fair correlation for most of the RMS-Total data, and the other data also showed poor to fair correlation (p<0.05). Conclusions: The result indicates that both acceleration sensor and gyroscope sensor has good reliability, and that compared to force plate, acceleration sensor has unacceptable or poor correlation, and gyroscope sensor has mostly fair correlation.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

Background: Only 2% of falls in older adults result in serious injuries (i.e., hip fracture). Therefore, it is important to differentiate injurious versus non-injurious falls, which is critical to develop effective interventions for injury prevention. Objects: The purpose of this study was to a. extract the best features of surface electromyography (sEMG) for classification of injurious falls, and b. find a best model provided by data mining techniques using the extracted features. Methods: Twenty young adults self-initiated falls and landed sideways. Falling trials were consisted of three initial fall directions (forward, sideways, or backward) and three knee positions at the time of hip impact (the impacting-side knee contacted the other knee ("knee together") or the mat ("knee on mat"), or neither the other knee nor the mat was contacted by the impacting-side knee ("free knee"). Falls involved "backward initial fall direction" or "free knee" were defined as "injurious falls" as suggested from previous studies. Nine features were extracted from sEMG signals of four hip muscles during a fall, including integral of absolute value (IAV), Wilson amplitude (WAMP), zero crossing (ZC), number of turns (NT), mean of amplitude (MA), root mean square (RMS), average amplitude change (AAC), difference absolute standard deviation value (DASDV). The decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) were used to classify the injurious falls. Results: For the initial fall direction, accuracy of the best model (SVM with a DASDV) was 48%. For the knee position, accuracy of the best model (SVM with an AAC) was 49%. Furthermore, there was no model that has sensitivity and specificity of 80% or greater. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the classification model built upon the sEMG features of the four hip muscles are not effective to classify injurious falls. Future studies should consider other data mining techniques with different muscles.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.2733-2742
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• 2020

This paper presents an assessment of applicability of the multigroup cross sections generated with Monte Carlo tools to the fast reactor analysis based on transport calculations. 33-group cross section sets were generated for simple one- (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) sodium-cooled fast reactor problems using the SERPENT code and applied to deterministic steady-state and depletion calculations. Relative to the reference continuous-energy SERPENT results, with the transport corrected P₀ scattering cross section, the k-eff value was overestimated by 506 and 588 pcm for 1-D and 2-D problems, respectively, since anisotropic scattering is important in fast reactors. When the scattering order was increased to P₅, the 1-D and 2-D problem errors were increased to 577 and 643 pcm, respectively. A sensitivity and uncertainty analysis with the PERSENT code indicated that these large k-eff errors cannot be attributed to the statistical uncertainties of cross sections and they are likely due to the approximate anisotropic scattering matrices determined by scalar flux weighting. The anisotropic scattering cross sections were alternatively generated using the MC²-3 code and merged with the SERPENT cross sections. The mixed cross section set consistently reduced the errors in k-eff, assembly powers, and nuclide densities. For example, in the 2-D calculation with P3 scattering order, the k-eff error was reduced from 634 pcm to -223 pcm. The maximum error in assembly power was reduced from 2.8% to 0.8% and the RMS error was reduced from 1.4% to 0.4%. The maximum error in the nuclide densities at the end of 12-month depletion that occurred in ²³⁷Np was reduced from 3.4% to 1.5%. The errors of the other nuclides are also reduced consistently, for example, from 1.1% to 0.1% for ²³⁵U, from 2.2% to 0.7% for ²³⁸Pu, and from 1.6% to 0.2% for ²⁴¹Pu. These results indicate that the scalar flux weighted anisotropic scattering cross sections of SERPENT may not be adequate for application to fast reactors where anisotropic scattering is important.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic situation worsens, the time spent indoors increases, and the exposure to indoor environmental pollution such as indoor air pollution and noise also increases, causing problems such as deterioration of human health, stress, and discord between neighbors. This paper designs and implements a system that measures and monitors indoor air quality and noise, which are representative evaluation criteria of the indoor environment. The system proposed in this paper consists of a particulate matter measurement subsystem that measures and corrects the concentration of particulate matters to monitor indoor air quality, and a noise measurement subsystem that detects changes in sound and converts it to a sound pressure level. The concentration of indoor particulate matters is measured using a laser-based light scattering method, and an error caused by temperature and humidity is compensated in this paper. For indoor noise measurement, the voltage measured through a microphone is basically measured, Fourier transform is performed to classify it by frequency, and then A-weighting is performed to correct loudness equality. Then, the RMS value is obtained, high-frequency noise is removed by performing time-weighting, and then SPL is obtained. Finally, the equivalent noise level for 1 minute and 5 minutes are calculated to show the indoor noise level. In order to classify noise into direct impact sound and air transmission noise, a piezo vibration sensors is mounted to determine the presence or absence of direct impact transmitted through the wall. For performance evaluation, the error of particulate matter measurement is analyzed through TSI's AM510 instrument. and compare the noise error with CEM's noise measurement system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2022

By applying METHOD 514.8 of the US military standard MIL-STD-810H, vibration analysis of the winding core automatic feeding device was performed during vehicle transportation. The contact point between the LM guide and main support frame was weak in the vertical axis, transverse axis, and longitudinal axis during the transportation of the automatic winding core feeder vehicle, and the maximum equivalent stress was 236.31 MPa in the longitudinal axis. When random vibration was applied, the safety margin in the longitudinal direction was 0.26, indicating low safety. The safety margin was changed by increasing the damage factor to 0.1. Finally, the safety margin was improved to 3.48 to secure safety. Resonance occurred with a Q factor of 9.34 in the harmonic response to which the RMS value of the ASD data was input, and the vertical axis safety margin was derived as 0.16. When the damping factor was 0.15, the Q factor was 3.37, and resonance was avoided with a safety margin of 6.62.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.20-23
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• 2008

[ $La_2Zr_2O_7$] (LZO) buffer layers were deposited on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates by chemical solution deposition method (CSD). In this study, the effect of $B_2O_3$ addition on texture and surface roughness of LZO films was investigated. The alkoxide-based precursor solution was employed to synthesize the precursor solution of LZO and the solution was coated on biaxially textured Ni-W substrates and subsequently annealed at $900^{\circ}C$ for crystallization. The pure LZO film without $B_2O_3$ addition showed a (222) reflection in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile. The intensity of (222) reflection was enhanced and more rough surface was obtained after further repetition of coating. Contrary to this, the LZO film prepared by $B_2O_3$ added precursor solution shows well-developed (400) reflection peak in the XRD profile and excellent biaxial texture (${\Delta}{\theta}=4.3^{\circ}$, ${\Delta}{\phi}=6.8^{\circ}$). The surface roughness of LZO films were also improved by addition of $B_2O_3$ even after multicoating ($R_{rms}{\sim}3.1nm$). It was shown that the LZO film with smooth surface and biaxial texture was grown on the biaxially textured Ni-W substrates with addition of $B_2O_3$ in the precursor solution.