• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2012

Objectives: This study developed a harmonized method for risk assessment based on the Hazard & Risk Evaluation of Chemicals (HREC) according to the Industrial Safety and Health Act (ISHA). Methods: Three preliminary studies, performed during 2010 and 2011 by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute and three academic research groups, were compared. The differences in risk assessment, especially in the dose-response assessment method, were analyzed. A new harmonized method for dose-response assessment was suggested and its applicability for the HREC was examined. Results: Considering the various steps of each dose-response assessment, the equivalent steps in quantitative correction, uncertainty factor 2 (UF2) for intra-species uncertainty, and UF3 for the experimental period in the uncertainty correction were relatively high. Using our new method, the total correction values (quantitative correction plus uncertainty correction) ranged from 72~15,789 to 30~60, and the ratio of the threshold limit value (TLV) to the reference concentration decreased from 12.8~1900 to 5.4~11.8. Furthermore, when we performed risk characterization by our new method, hazard quotient (HQ) values for chloroethylene, epichlorohydrin, and barium sulfate became 3.0, 14.1, and 1.13 respectively, whereas three previous studies reported HQ values of 7.1, 4580, and 87.3 considering reasonable maximum exposure (RME) conditions. HQs of the three chemicals were calculated to be 0.6, 2.4, and 0.1 respectively, when compared to their TLVs. Conclusions: Our new method could be applicable for the HREC because the total correction values and the ratio of TLVs were within reasonable ranges. It is also recommended that additional risk management measures be applied for epichlorohydrin, for which the HQ values were greater than 1 when compared with both reference values and the TLV. Our proposed method could be used to harmonize dose-response assessment methods for the implementation of risk assessment based on the HREC according to ISHA.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.133-134
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• 2022

Recently, the criteria for assessing industrial accidents have been replaced by the mortality rate. It was found that the number of deaths from excavation work was the highest among construction machinery. The risk assessment is being conducted, however the industrial accident mortality rate has not decreased. Accordingly, this study aims to provide the basic for the create of a risk assessment model specialized in construction work at excavator. It provides absolute value from the risk model which is capable of delivery the probability of a disaster. In addition, we provide a relative risk model that compares the risk through scores between detailed works. The relative risk model is combined by likelihood and severity; the likelihood indicates the frequency of accidents and the severity indicates seriousness of fatal accidents. A variable that reflects the conditions of the construction site was added to the risk assessment model based on past disaster cases. And using the concepts of probability and average, the risk assessment process was quantified and used as an objective indicator. Therefore, the model is expected to reduce disasters by raising the awareness of disasters.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2021

연구목적: 공급체인관리에서 다룬 선행연구를 기반으로 요인을 분석하여 비즈니스 연속성 관리시스템(BCMS)의 위험평가와 위험관리 요인이 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. BCMS의 위험요인을 도출하고 예측 불가능한 위험을 평가함으로써 체계적인 위험관리 방안을 구축함과 동시에 기업이 업무중단 없이 경쟁우위를 선점하도록 기여하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구방법: BCMS의 위험평가, 위험관리, 경영성과의 구조적 관계를 도출하였다. 이를 위해서 124명의 우리나라 기업에 종사하는 책임자, 관리자를 상대로 설문을 조사하였다. 빈도분석, 타당성분석, 신뢰성분석, 상관분석, 단순회귀분석을 하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 위험평가는 위험관리에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 위험관리는 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로 위험평가는 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 결론: 기업의 경영성과는 BCMS의 위험평가와 위험관리 역량은 재무적 성과를 통해서 관리하고 위험관리 활동은 비재무적 성과를 통해서 관리해야할 것이다.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2023

미세플라스틱 입자는 환경 내 어디에나 존재하며 크기, 모양 또는 유형의 표준화된 입자가 아니다. 따라서 독성자료를 바탕으로 해수, 퇴적물 등 해양환경의 다차원을 정확하게 평가하고 관리하는 위험평가 프레임워크를 구축하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 해양환경 미세플라스틱의 특징과 영향을 조사하였고, 해양환경 미세플라스틱의 분포와 생물영향에 따른 위해도 평가 프레임워크(초안)를 제안하고 있다. 환경 미세플라스틱의 특성은 매우 다양하지만 대부분의 독성 데이터는 독특한 형태와 유형에 집중되어 있으며, 실험실 노출 생물과 관리해야 하는 생물 종도 다르다. 실제적으로, 지금까지의 수집된 연구결과는 위해성평가에 활용하기에 독성 데이터 품질에 있어 불확실성이 높기도 하며, 전통적인 위해성평가 프레임워크를 적용하는 데 있어 고려할 부분이 많이 존재한다. 그러나, 현재 미세플라스틱 관리에 대한 국제사회의 움직임이 점차 강화되고 있고, 해양환경의 미세플라스틱 오염도가 높아지고 있는 점을 고려하면, 해양환경의 미세 플라스틱 특성에 기초한 위해성평가 기법 구축에 대한 추가 연구가 제안되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) supports a decision-making process such as establishment of environmental quality criteria. Soil quality criteria (SQC) are essential to protect soil organisms from the exposure to various soil contaminants. In this study, ERA methodologies of advanced countries for soil pollution were extensively compared to propose the ERA approach suitable for soil ecosystem in Korea. The soil ERAs in European Chemical Bureau(ECB), The Netherlands, and Canada can be classified as deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA), and probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). We propose three ERA methods according to abundance and reliability of soil ecotoxicity data. The method considered land use such as residential/agricultural, and industrial/commercial uses. The taxonomic groups of soil organism were classified as 'Class' level including different trophic levels (Magnoliopsida or Liliopsida, Clitellata, and Insecta or Secernentea). This study can be used to estimate the soil quality criteria to protect soil biota.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

The most critical health effect of lead exposure is the neurodevelopmental effect to children caused by the increased blood lead level. Therefore, the endpoint of the risk assessment for lead-contaminated sites should be set at the blood lead level of children. In foreign countries, the risk assessment for lead-contaminated sites is conducted by estimating the increased blood lead level of children via oral intake and/or inhalation (United States Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA), or by comparing the estimated oral dose to the threshold oral dose of lead, which is derived from the permissible blood lead level of children (Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, RIVM). For the risk assessment, USEPA employs Integrated-Exposure-Uptake-Biokinetic (IEUBK) Model to check whether the estimated portion of children whose blood lead level exceeds 10 µg/dL, threshold blood lead level determined by USEPA, is higher than 5%, while Dutch RIVM compares the estimated oral dose of lead to the threshold oral dose (2.8 µg/kg-day), which is derived from the permissible blood lead level of children. In Korea, like The Netherlands, risk assessment for lead-contaminated sites is conducted by comparing the estimated oral dose to the threshold oral dose; however, because the threshold oral dose listed in Korean risk assessment guidance is an unidentified value, it is recommended to revise the existing threshold oral dose described in Korean risk assessment guidance. And, if significant lead exposure via inhalation is suspected, it is useful to employ IEUBK Model to derive the risk posed via multimedia exposure (i.e., both oral ingestion and inhalation).

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

The main objective of this study was to evaluate Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios-based flood risk at a Si-Gun level. A bias correction using a quantile mapping method with the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was performed to correct future precipitation data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). A series of proxy variables including CN80 (Number of days over 80 mm) and CX3h (Maximum precipitation during 3-hr) etc. were used to carry out flood risk assessment. Indicators were normalized by a Z-score method and weighted by factors estimated by principal component analysis (PCA). Flood risk evaluation was conducted for the four different time periods, i.e. 1990s, 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s, which correspond to 1976~2005, 2011~2040, 2041~2070, and 2071~2100. The average flood risk indices based on RCP4.5 scenario were 0.08, 0.16, 0.22, and 0.13 for the corresponding periods in the order of time, which increased steadily up to 2055s period and decreased. The average indices based on RCP8.5 scenario were 0.08, 0.23, 0.11, and 0.21, which decreased in the 2055s period and then increased again. Considering the average index during entire period of the future, RCP8.5 scenario resulted in greater risk than RCP4.5 scenario.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2012

Recently, regulatory bodies quite often encourage to adopt risk-based inspection (RBI) and management programs because they can enhance safety simultaneously with deregulation in Korea. RBI is an integrated methodology that factors risk into inspection and maintenance decision making. This paper describes an example of how to use known risk assessment codes (API 580, API 581 BRD) to address such safety analysis requirements for risk management in the refining industry. Specifically, this paper reports the methodology and the results of implementation to the Crude Distillation Unit(CDU) plant of refinery units using the $KGS-RBI^{TM}$ program, developed by the Korea Gas Safety Corporation in reference of API Codes and ASME PC (Post Construction) with a suitable consideration of Korean situation. The results of the risk and reliability assessment using $KGS-RBI^{TM}$ program are useful in determining whether the detected defects are tolerable or required to be repaired. The subsequent decisions are to manage the future inspection, repair and maintenance planning in the risk reduction control.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2012

To protect human health and manage increasing hazardous chemicals in stream area, it is necessary to expand water quality hazardous items based on risk assessment with proper monitoring data. Also, it is essential to set up the suitable monitoring frequency to produce reliable exposure data to derive water quality guidelines. However, there has been no harmonized monitoring frequency for risk assessment in both domestic and international monitoring systems. In addition, the monitoring frequency for risk assessment has been selected as 'Research needs' in the International Conference on Deriving Environmental Quality Standards for the Protection of Aquatic Ecosystems (EQSPAE) of 2011. In this study, Cases of UNEP/WHO, EU, European countries, USEPA, ANZECC/ARMCANZ, CCME, Japan, and Korea were analyzed to propose the monitoring frequency for risk assessment. Monitoring frequencies depending on environmental conditions, monitoring object, measurement parameters, and monitoring duration were extensively collected. We observed that a monthly monitoring has been applied at most of organizations including EU, USEPA, and UNEP/WHO. In this study, monitoring frequency of minimum 6 times during 3 years were proposed to conduct the risk assessment based on the current domestic status. However, it is necessary to make agreements among interested parties, and perform additional studies about optimal monitoring frequency to protect the aquatic ecosystem and human health in Korean rivers and streams.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2003년도 학술대회지
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• pp.473-476
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 일반적인 건설공사에 있어서 불확실성 모델링을 사용한 체계적인 퍼지위험도 분석기법 및 절차를 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 기법 및 절차는 전문가의 경험과 주관적인 판단을 이용해서 공사관련 위험사건들의 확률을 결정함으로써 건설공사의 위험도분석을 보다 실제적으로 할 수 있으며 퍼지집합이론 및 퍼지수 개념을 사용한 불확실모델링은 불명확하고 변동이 많은 건설공사에 내재된 사건들을 제어하는 데 효과적이다. 이는 위험도 분석을 위한 객관적인 자료가 부족하고 또 이로 인해 불가피하게 전문가의 경험에 주관적인 자료에 의존하는 한국과 같은 나라에서는 본 연구에서 제시한 불확실 모델링 절차는 정량적인 위험도 분석을 가능하게 함으로써 위험도 관리를 위해서도 매우 유용하게 쓰일 수 있다.