• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1231-1236
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• 2009

Many work-related risk factors can cause construction site hazards. Therefore, safety management begins with measuring the magnitude of risk involved in a project. This study proposes a methodology for risk assessment of major trades at a particular construction site. To assess risk, this methodology integrates hazard severity and frequency, and their magnitude is calculated based on actual work-site hazards. This methodology also considers the influence factors that affect the frequency of work-related hazards. To select the appropriate influence factors, a two step approach is deployed. First, the predominant factors are identified through a literature review. Second, a selective process filters out the influence factors that are difficult to analyze quantitatively, and these extracted factors are weighted using expert surveys. Finally, the factors are combined and a quantitative risk assessment methodology is proposed.

• Architectural research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

For the past decade, South Korea had experienced catastrophic building fires, which resulted in consider-ably high number of casualties. This motivated research to develop fire-safe wall assemblies. In this study Fire Risk Analysis (FRA) is conducted as part of the project designing phase to ensure fire safety of the final product. Traditional approach was to consider fire performance at the end of the designing stage, when PASS/FAIL fire test results are required to be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). By applying a fire risk analysis to guide the designing phase, overall fire safety of a wall assembly can be achieved more systematically as conducting FRA allows designers to clearly identify elements that are more vulnerable to fire and simply replace them with other practical options. Severity of fire risk is determined by considering the fire hazards of a wall assembly such as the exterior layer, insulation, vertical connectivity, and external ignition sources (e.g., photovoltaic panels). Frequency of fire risk is assessed based on the factors affecting fire likelihood, which are air cavity and fire-stopping applied in the design, and random design changes occurring during on-site construction. Fire risk matrix is proposed based on these fire risk factors and efforts to reduce the fire risk level associated with the wall assembly are given by systematically assessing the fire risk factors identified from fire risk analysis. Current study demonstrates how fire risk analysis can be applied to develop fire-safe walls by reducing the relevant fire risks- both severity and frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

Fire is one of the greatest threats to historical buildings not only to the building's occupants but also to the building's structure and contents. The purpose of this research is to evaluate fire risk in historical buildings in Korea through a series of survey and review. In this research, a multicriteria decision-making approach involving Analytical Hierarchy Process has been designed to determine a weighted index to identify factors and quantify fire risk. Fire risk ranking systems of historical building has been developed in some applications, for example, BOCA, WISCONSIN, FSES and HFRI. According to the such derived fire risk indexing, the Human Activity index showed the highest risk, followed by Historic Buildings, Fire Safety Systems, and then Natural Environmental Causes. Comparison of these factors indicates that the derived risk values differ from case to case. It is proposed that a performance-based design approach should consider the building & occupant characteristics, locations and historical significance, resulting in a more accurate and effective evaluation of fire risk.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-96
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• 2005

It is generally believed that, compared to traditional commerce, Electronic Commerce(EC) is more difficult to gain and sustain customers. One of the major reasons that customers do not use EC is lack of trust. Previous researches on the EC user's trust suggested that risk is an antecedent of trust and the concept of trust is highly related to risk. This study proposed a combined model in which includes the factors based on generic information security risk analysis methodology and trust factors in EC. The objectives of this study are follows; first, investigating the relationship between trust and risk that are antecedent factors of purchase intention, and second, examining the validity of information security risk analysis approach in EC environment. Based on the survey results of 143 MBA students statistical analysis showed that factors like threats and controls were significantly related to risk, but assets did not have statistically significant relationship with risk. Controls and knowledge of EC had meaningful effect on user's trust. This study found that risk analysis methodology which is generally used at organizational level is practically useful at user level on EC environment. In conclusion, the results of this study would be applied to generic situation of information security for analyzing and managing the risk. Besides, this study emphasized that EC vendors need to pay more attention to the information security risk to gain customer's trust.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.10 s.241
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• pp.1392-1398
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• 2005

API 581 guideline provides a methodology for calculating the risks of equipments in refinery or petrochemical plant. However, especially in part of the consequence of failure, there is a major limitation of its application to the petrochemical plant directly since only a representative material is considered in calculating the risk while the equipment is composed of numerous materials. The objectives of this paper are to propose an enhanced risk-based inspection (RBI) technique to resolve shortcomings inclusive of the above issue and to assess the risks of typical petrochemical equipments. In this respect, a program incorporating material database was developed to fully incorporate the characteristics of different materials. The proposed RBI program consists of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative risk evaluation modules in which toxic materials as well as representative materials were selected automatically for comparison to those in the current guideline. It has been applied to assess the risks of equipments in ethylene facilities of petrochemical plants. Thereby, more realistic evaluation results were obtained and applicability of the proposed RBI program was proven.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2018

The regulatory periodic inspection program (PSI) conducted at every overhaul period is the most important process for confirming the safety of nuclear power plants. The PSI for operating nuclear power plants in Korea mainly consist of component level performance check that had been developed based on deterministic approach putting the same degree of importance to all the inspection items. This inspection methodology is likely to be effective for preoperational inspection. However, once the plant is put into service, the PSI must be focused on whether to minimize the risk of accident using defense-in-depth concept and risk insight. The incorporation of defense-in-depth concept and risk insight into the deterministic based safety inspection has not been well studied so far. In this study, two track approaches are proposed to make sure that core damage be avoided: one is to secure success path and the other to block the failure path in a specific event tree of PSA. The investigation shows how to select safety important components and how to set up inspection group to ensure that core damage would not occur for a given initiating event, which results in strengthening defense-in-depth level 3.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2014

This study aimed to examine the applicability of a portfolio approach to the ecosystem-based fisheries management targeting the large purse seine fishery. Most fisheries are targeting multispecies and species are biologically and technically interacted each other. It enables a portfolio approach to be applied to find optimal production of each species through expected returns and risk analyses. Under specific assumptions on the harvest quota by species, efficient risk-return frontiers were generated and they showed a combination of optimal production level. Comparisons between portfolio and actual production provided a useful information for targeting strategy and management. Results also showed the possibility of effective multispecies fisheries management by imposing constraints on each species such as total allowable catch quotas.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

This article aimed to introduce 'risk sharing' schemes for pharmaceuticals between drug manufacturers and healthcare payer. Published literature review was undertaken to summarize risk sharing concepts and collect information on existing scheme examples in other countries focusing on new anticancer drugs. Risk sharing schemes could be categorized into health outcomes-based and non-outcomes (financial) based ones. Outcome-based schemes could be broken down into performance-linked reimbursement and conditional coverage. Performance-linked reimbursement can be further broken into outcomes guarantee and pattern or process of care and conditional coverage included coverage with evidence development and conditional treatment continuation schemes. Non-outcome based schemes included market share and price volume at population level, and utilization caps and manufacturer funded treatment initiation at patient level. We reviewed the fifteen examples for anticancer drugs that risk sharing agreements in response to the inherent uncertainties and increased costs of eleven anticancer drugs. Of them, eight cases were coverage with evidence development schemes. The anticancer drugs except bevacizumab and cetuximab were all listed on the national health insurance formulary in Korea, with reimbursement criteria defined on the basis of approved indications and administrations. Risk sharing approach may be a useful tool to ensure values for drug expenditure, but there are a number of concerns such as high administration costs, lack of transparency and conflicts of interest, especially for performance-based health outcomes reimbursement schemes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.819-823
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• 2024

The main criteria used in NEI 18-04 to define SSCs as risk-significant include (1) the SSC is required to keep all LBEs within the F-C target, and (2) the total frequency with the SSC failed exceeds 1% of the limit for at least one of the three cumulative risk metrics used for evaluating the integrated plant risk. The first one is a reasonable criterion in determining the risk significant SSCs. However, the second criterion may not be adequate to serve the purpose of determining the risk significance of SSCs. In the second criterion, the cumulative risk metric values representing the integrated plant risk (less the preventive and mitigative effects of the SSC being evaluated) are compared to a risk limit that represents a very small contribution to the overall integrated plant risk, which corresponds appropriately to the contributions from individual SSCs. The easiest approach to redefine the NEI 18-04 definition of risk-significant SSCs in relation to the integrated plant risk metrics is to compare the difference, between the risk metric value calculated with the SSC failed and the risk metric value calculated with the SSC credited, with 1% of the risk limit established for the integrated plant risk metrics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.849-858
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• 2009

Risk caused by safety-critical instrumentation and control (I&C) systems considerably affects overall plant risk. As digitalization of safety-critical systems in nuclear power plants progresses, a risk model of a digitalized safety system is required and must be included in a plant safety model in order to assess this risk effect on the plant. Unique features of a digital system cause some challenges in risk modeling. This article aims at providing an overview of the issues related to the development of a static fault-tree-based risk model. We categorize the complicated issues of digital system probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) into four groups based on their characteristics: hardware module issues, software issues, system issues, and safety function issues. Quantification of the effect of these issues dominates the quality of a developed risk model. Recent research activities for addressing various issues, such as the modeling framework of a software-based system, the software failure probability and the fault coverage of a self monitoring mechanism, are discussed. Although these issues are interrelated and affect each other, the categorized and systematic approach suggested here will provide a proper insight for analyzing risk from a digital system.