• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6691-6695
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• 2014

Background: A population-based cervical cancer screening program using visual inspection with acetic acid was launched in Maldives in 2014. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of women in relation to risk factors of cervical cancer, early detection of the disease and its prevention. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire based survey was conducted among 20 to 50 year old women, systematically sampled to represent three regions of Maldives. Trained investigators interviewed a total of 2,845 women at home. Results: The prevalence of the risk factors of cervical cancer like early age at marriage and childbirth, multiple marriages, multiple marriages of the husbands, and multiple pregnancies was high. More women knew about breast cancer than cervical cancer. Even among the small number of women who knew of cervical cancer, only 34.6% had the knowledge of at least one early symptom. Very few women knew that the cancer could be prevented by any test. Only 6.2% of the women reported having ever undergone a Pap smear. Many women had the misconception that cervical cancer was infectious. In Maldives the younger women have high literacy rate due to the policy of universal free education and those with higher levels of education had improved knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors. The prevalence of risk factors also reduced with improved literacy. Conclusions: Awareness about risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer is limited among Maldivian women in spite of having high exposure to some of the risk factors. A universal literacy program in the country has helped to improve the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and to reduce the exposure to various risk factors in the younger population.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2013

R&D is inherently an uncertain endeavor, yet now more than ever those performing R&D with public funding are called upon to clarify the utility of their research. Calls for public accountability are mounting with the increase in constraints on government budgets due to the recent worldwide economic recession, in response to which both policymakers and researchers pay much more attention to rigorously assessing publicly funded R&D. A key issue complicating R&D evaluation in these circumstances is how to adequately account for the nature and degree of risk involved in a given R&D program or project. This study deliberates on certain issues involving the measurement of ex-ante risk in public R&D evaluation: (i) information asymmetry between R&D sponsors and performers, (ii) ambiguity in the measurement of returns in both prospective and retrospective evaluation, and (iii) the dilemma between measurement error and omitted variable bias for empirical estimation of R&D performance. The study then presents an analysis of hypothetical evaluation results that apply risk-relevant weights to the annual evaluation outcomes of South Korea's national R&D programs funded during 2006~2012. In this counterfactual re-evaluation of public R&D program performance, high-risk R&D programs turn out to receive higher evaluation than non-high-risk programs. The current study suggests that R&D evaluation ignoring ex-ante risk is not only conceptually invalid since R&D activities are intrinsically uncertain endeavors, but unfair as R&D performers are asked to be accountable for the results that were in fact out of their reach.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

Purpose. A huge proportion of adults in korea, workers chronic disease risk factors have been growing every year, these are closely related to oral health. thus, through the study of the relationship between workers oral health behavior and chronic disease risk factors. Methods. The subjects were 4,600 workers volunteering at the oral health education program part of the industrial health education of some area work places. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Rogistic regression analysis. Results. The results of chronic disease risk factor according to oral health practice behaviors show that currently drinking and smoking, not visiting to the dentist for last year, fewer toothbrushing were associated with chronic disease risk factors. This result was statistically significant as well.(p<0.05). Risk factors influencing chronic disease were gender, age, job period, dental clinic visiting, the number of toothbrushing, perceived oral health state, smoking, and drinking, these were statistically significant as well(p<0.05). Conclusions. Chronic disease that could threaten workers health was related with the oral health practice behavior. Therefore through factors identification affecting general health and oral health, dental care providers aims to increase workers awareness of health care behavior and lifestyle and to suggest periodical health education promotion program for high risk workers who exposed to risk factors of disease within workplace.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.675-687
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• 2004

This study is designed to assess the prevalence at risk of malnutrition according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and evaluate the factors influencing on the nutritional risk of the elderly. Three hundred and nine elderly (110 men and 199 women: mean age =74.1) who participated in meal service in the Chung-buk province were investigated. Mean MNA total score was 21.9 and women had significantly lower MNA scores than men (respectively, 21.5 and 22.8). In the mean time mean MNA-SF (Short Form) score was 10.7, respectively 10.6 for the women and 11.0 for the men, with the difference being statistically significant. The MNA classified 33% of the elderly as well-nourished, 61.7% as at risk of malnutrition and 5.3% as overt malnourished. However, MNA-SF categorized the examinees 40.2% as good and 59.8% at nutritional risk. Those who identified as malnourished elderly had significantly lower mean BMI, mid-arm and calf circumference, poorer functional abilities (ADL, IADL) , lower MAR and food habits scores, and higher number of nutrient $\leq$ 75% of RDA than those with at risk of malnutrition and well nourished. Also socioeconomic status such as educational level, self-rated economic status, poverty level, and marital status significantly influenced nutritional status. Similar effect was observed in self-rated nutritional status and health status, dental status, appetite change according to MNA score. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that weight loss was the most predictive item in the total MNA and MNA-SF score. It was found that items such as mobility, living status (home vs institution) , mode of feeding, and pressure sores were inappropriate for assessment of the elderly who are able to participate meal service program. Also, some modifications of items in MNA are needed in order to apply to Korean elderly. Even though the MNA seems to be an useful tool to screen those old people at risk of malnourished, a lot of work is still to be done with this assessment tool to secure its reliability.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2004

Industrial facilities are becoming more complex and various with rapidly developing technologies. A number of installations and equipments are increased to improve productivity, and they are operated under the condition of high temperature and pressure. They are continuously repaired, replaced or abolished because of the deterioration with time, but their repair and replacement are not easy for economical and environmental concerns. If possible, the deteriorating equipments should be inspected and repaired effectively considering the state of maintenance and preservation, economic efficiency, and safety. That's where RBI(Risk Based Inspection) fits in. Even if RBI technology has been known among specialists, there were no tools readily available and it was hard to practice and apply RBI in industrial inspection and safety management. In the development of the qualitative RBI, the overall algorithm adopted API-581 BRD. The qualitative RBI program was developed to search the appling process.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2020

As the hydrogen industry grows, expansion of infrastructure for hydrogen supply is required, but the safety of hydrogen facilities is concerned due to the recent accidents at the Gangneung hydrogen tank and the Norwegian hydrogen fueling station. In this study, the damage range and impact analysis on the on-site hydrogen fueling station was conducted using Hy-KoRAM. This is a domestically developed program that adds functions based on HyRAM. Through this risk assessment, it was evaluated whether the on-site hydrogen fueling station meets international standards and suggested ways to improve safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 1993

Recently, a large amount of flammable or explosive materials have been handled or stored in chemical industries. H the equipments fail or the materials release in consequence of operation errors, fire and explosion could occur to them. Thus, risk assessment using quantification of risks is very important when design of processes and modifications of installed processes are performed. The purpose of this study is to develop the program for fire and explosion index in order to quantify the expected damage of fire and explosion incidents in chemical plants, to identify equipment that would be likely to contribute to the creation or escalation of an incident, to comunicate the potential fire and explosion risk to management and to account of damage cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

The study analyses secondary damage of surrounding facilities from the fire accident by Unloading of LPG Bulk Lorry. Potential risk and extent of damage from jet flame and radiation heat is estimated with PHAST-RISK v6.7 program of DNV. According to above study, supplies can predict the damage range from gas release by Unloading, and be able to respond quickly.

• Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2017

Background: In at-risk older adults, gait speed is an important factor associated with quality of life and falling risk. In this study, we assessed whether therapeutic exercise could improve gait speed. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the 'best' therapeutic exercise method by analyzing each exercise in terms of intensity, type, and several gait speed indices. For the analysis, we gathered 122 papers through a database search and selected 9 (n=627) that were appropriate for the meta-analysis. Results: In 8 of the 9 included papers, gait speed improved with therapeutic exercise. Usual gait speed (n=246) improved more than maximal gait speed (n=574). A resistance program was more effective than a nonresistance program for improving maximal, but not usual, gait speed. We also found that the effects of therapeutic exercise were greater in noncommunity than in community-dwelling elderly people. Conclusion: In conclusion, therapeutic exercise was effective in improving gait speed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.322-332
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine effects of a small group-based cardiocerebrovascular disease (CVD) prevention education program on knowledge, stage of change and health behavior among male bus drivers with CVD risk factors. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were 68 male bus drivers recruited from two urban bus companies. Participants from the two groups were selected by matching age, education and risk factors. Experimental group (n=34) received a small group-based CVD prevention education program 8 times over 6 weeks and 3 times through telephone interviews at 2-week intervals. Data were collected between December, 2010 and March, 2011, and were analyzed using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure analysis of variance with SPSS/Win18.0. Results: Experimental group showed significantly higher scores in CVD prevention knowledge (p<.001) and health behavior (p<.001) at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention. Participants in pre-contemplation and contemplation stages made progress to contemplation and action. This was significantly better at 6 and 12 weeks after intervention (p<.001). Conclusion: Results suggest that small group-based education programs for CVD prevention are effective in increasing knowledge, stage of change, and health behavior to prevent CVD among male bus drivers with CVD risk.