• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.407-408
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• 2023

This article proposes a method to assess construction safety risk during the construction phase based on accident loss costs. Risk assessments for hazardous construction work are required by law, but they lack quantitative criteria. To address this, a survey estimated loss costs due to fatalities in the construction industry, finding labor loss cost and delay reimbursement cost to be the largest factors. The proposed method uses algorithm to calculate expected accidents and risk levels based on project characteristics, work methods, personnel, and environment data. This method is expected to enhance the reliability and usability of risk assessments during the construction phase of construction projects.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.120-125
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• 1999

This study evaluated the effect of the accidents caused by fire, explosion, and toxic gas release by using SuperChems, quantitative hazardous material release modeling software, which estimates the potential area of damage. According to the loss severity, the appropriate risk management principles can be applied. Risk management is divided into the two methods which are risk control and risk financing. Risk control includes risk avoidance, risk spreading and diversification, and risk reduction. Risk financing includes risk retention and risk transfer. The results of this study can help the related company determine the appropriate reserve fund and the amount to be insured against the third party losses according to the estimated loss severity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of profit and loss sharing (PLS) contracts on non-performing financing of Islamic rural banks as Islamic small banks focus on small and medium enterprises at province level across country. Our study employs panel data, consisting of 142 Islamic rural banks and using quarterly data from 2013Q1 to 2018Q4, and splits them based on the bank's size and geographical area. Both static and dynamic panel regressions are then applied. The results obviously indicate that a high proportion of profit and loss sharing contracts leads to high financing risk. The large Islamic banks encounter a higher non-performing financing stemming from profit and loss contracts compared to small Islamic banks. Profit and loss contracts also produce higher financing risk for Islamic banks outside Java, as those areas are less developed areas than Java itself. A more efficient Islamic bank is less financing risk. Income diversification lessens the impaired financing and, more particularly, large Islamic banks and Islamic banks located in Java much benefit by diversifying income and financing to lower financing risk. Our study suggests that Islamic rural banks may consider the optimal level of profit and loss sharing contracts to minimize financing risk.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.187-216
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• 2008

Risk regarding the possibility of loss can be especially problematic. If a loss is certain to occur, it may be planned for in advance and treated as a definite, known expense. It is when there is uncertainty about the occurrence of a loss that risk becomes an important problem. The word risk is often used in connection with insurance. No one generally accepted definition of risk exists, however. Of the many definitions, two distinctive ones are commonly used. One defines risk as the variation in possible outcomes of an event based on chance. That is, the greater the number of different outcomes that may occur, the greater the risk. Another way of expressing this concept is to state: The greater the variation around an average expected loss, the greater the risk. The second definition of risk is the uncertainty concerning a possible loss. The definition of risk as a useful one because it focuses attention on the degree of risk in given situations. The degree of risk is a measure of the accuracy with which the outcome of an event based on chance can be predicted. For now, it will serve our purpose to note the more accurate the prediction of the outcome of an event based on chance, the lower the degree of risk. After sources of risks are identified and measured, a decision can be made as to how the risk should be handled. A pure risk that is not identified does not disappear, the business merely loses the opportunity to consciously decide on the best technique for dealing with that risk. The process used to systematically manage risk exposures is known as risk management. Some persons use the term risk management only in connection with businesses, and often the term refers only to the management of pure risks. In this sense, the traditional risk management goal has been to minimize the cost of pure risk to the company. But as firms broaden the ways that they view and manage many different types of risk, the need for new terminology has become apparent. The terms integrated risk management and enterprise risk management reflect the intent to manage all forms of risk, regardless of type. International trade transaction is called between countries has features of globalism, cultural gap, long distance and long terms for the transaction. It is riskier than domestic transaction has its specific risks, such as foreign exchange risk and political risk, and requires various active risk management skills. Risks in relation to the international trade transaction are the contract risk, transit risk and payment risk, etc. The risk management in relation to the international trade transaction is to identify and measure these risks. The purpose of this study is to analyse the practical problems and its solution plan by analyzing various cases related to the risk management of bill of lading in the international trade transaction.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1017-1028
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• 2014

잘 알려져 있는 것처럼 일반적인 베이즈 추정량(Bayes estimator)과 경험적 베이즈 추정량(empirical Bayes estimator)은 모수를 추정하는데 있어서 오차를 과다축소하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 constrained 베이즈 추정량이 일차 적률과 이차 적률을 일치시키는 성질을 만족시키며 제안되었다. 또한 평균 제곱오차 함수와 같은 전통적인 손실함수에서는 추정의 정확성만을 고려하는 특징을 가지고 있기 때문에, 추정의 정확성과 정합성을 동시에 고려하는 균형 손실함수가 제안되었다. 이러한 이유로 인하여 균형손실 함수하에서의 제한적 베이즈 추정량의 활용이 손해 보험의 가격 산출에 제안되는 것은 타당하다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 추정의 문제에만 집중하는 경향이 있으며. 이는 새롭게 제안되는 특정 손실함수하에서의 constrained 베이즈 추정량과 constrained empirical 베이즈 추정량의 베이즈 위험의 계산이 어렵다는 점에서 기인한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 베이즈 추정량들에 대한 베이즈 위험을 서로 다른 두 손실함수하에서 비교하였으며, 그 대상은 자동차 보험 산업에서의 위험도 추정 분야이다. 또한 자동차 보험 산업의 실제 사고 데이터를 이용하여 새롭게 제안된 베이즈 추정량의 베이즈 위험을 비교함으로써 그 효용성을 입증하였다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2008

This study is carried out for the fire safety of the factory building, the fire risk reduction measure in compliance with an example approached in fire risk reduction systematically, contribute to reduce the fire risk. The analytical fire risk process of discovering, identifying, estimating and evaluating risk and control measure as risk reduction measures are core concept, applies loss prevention with loss control techniques. The painting process in the workplace where the fire hazard and death accident accompanies coexists. Loss prevention problem of creation prevention of dangerous atmosphere at workplace is health and human services problem of normal circumstances, must be inspected with problem of combustible gases at the time of fire explosion. Static electricity measure accomplished the risk control process thoroughly as the fire risk reduction process model with the ignition sources measure which is presented. Fire risk from within organizing will be able to classify with each field by detailedly but risk treatment process will be able to apply basically all the same concept. Consequently about risk management example from before, this study is proposed risk management techniques that standardized rightly in the actual condition of organization with one plan, with discovery of fire risk, the feedback process in compliance with a fire risk reduction and the review which control the result is joint responsibility of engineer, technical expert and manager as part of safety management to practice with the fact must be supervised.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제60권
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• pp.27-46
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• 2013

The Incoterms and United Nations Convention on Contract for the international Sales of Goods(CISG) allocate a risk in their articles. These rules make a decision that the parties who make a transaction are bound to bear the risk or damages of goods. Though a goods have a damages or loss during a transportation, buyer is liable for the payment of purchase price. In this case, this paper defines the meaning whether who can bear the risk under Incoterms and CISG. In the majority cases which deal between parties, after shipment or at the end of carriage, the loss or damages are found in buyer's hand. If a damages or loss is made during transit, customarily these risk are covered by insurance. Otherwise, these rules provide a tools for solving this problems. Then, between parties should be accomplished their target equitably.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.192-194
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• 2015

The growing size and complex process in construction project recently leads to increase risk and the losses as well. Even though researchers have identified the major risk indicators, there is lack of comprehensive and quantitative research for identifying the relationship between the risk indicators and economic losses associated with construction projects. To address this shortage of research, this study defines risk indicators and create a framework to assess the influence of economic losses from the indicators. An insurance company's claim payout record was accepted as the dependent variable to reflect the real economic losses. Based on the claims, we categorized the causes and results of accidents. To establish framework, built environment vulnerability indicators and geographical vulnerability indicators were employed as the risk indicators. A Pearson correlation analysis was adopted to validate the relationship with loss ratio and risk indicators. Consequently, this framework and its results may offer significant references for under writers of insurance companies and loss prevention activities.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2013

The relationship between debris flow and topographical factors is essential for the reliable estimation of soil loss. The objective of this paper is to estimate stability index and soil loss for assessing landsliding risk caused by debris flow. SIMAP and RUSLE are used to estimate stability index and soil loss, respectively. The landsliding risk area estimated by using SIMAP is found to be different from the large land area estimated by RUSLE. It is found that the spatial distribution of soil cover significantly influences landsliding risk area. Results also indicate that stability index and soil loss, estimated by soil cover factor, improve the assessment of landsliding risk.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.447-467
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• 2015

In this paper, we consider a multi-risk model based on the policy entrance process with n independent policies. For each policy, the entrance process of the customer is a non-homogeneous Poisson process, and the claim process is a renewal process. The loss process of the single-risk model is a random sum of stochastic processes, and the actual individual claim sizes are described as extended upper negatively dependent (EUND) structure with heavy tails. We derive precise large deviations for the loss process of the multi-risk model after giving the precise large deviations of the single-risk model. Our results extend and improve the existing results in significant ways.