• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.69-85
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• 2010

Currently, environmental contaminants that can cause Aromatic types of hydrocarbons, less than 1% made of Aromatic Free kind of used products, soybean oil products with linseed oil with the products, rice products using a wide range of environmentally ecological ink since 2000 is released quickly. All materials used in printed material, if the green is the best way to print the composite materials in industrial applications, because each process on the print quality and productivity, there can be many differences in this experiment because it accounts for a large proportion in the print general ink in the ink section and the International color standards(ISO2846-1:2006) certified ecological ink were compared. Therefore, in this paper has the ink released from the same company, each common general ink and ecological ink in the same condition which results were focused on whether the emerging international color standard(ISO 2846-1:2006) recognized for environmentally ecological ink printed color reproduction of the actual offset(color reproduction) how conformity to ISO 12647-2 standard color on the basis of the offset would check Color Reproduction. Based on the results of the experiments of this study, given the ecological ink coated paper, uncoated paper both color difference and the gamut of the ISO 12647-2 standard is suitable for ecological ink, the ink's color gamut reproduction, even more than existing international standards, there is no confirmed that the correct color reproduction possible. Using environmentally ecological ink industries is expected to respond to environmental policy.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.79-82
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• 2003

대부분의 신 간척지 논은 점토 함량이 적은 반면 미사 함량이 많고 토양 콜로이드의 분산제 역할을 하는 Na함량이 높기 때문에 이러한 토양은 입단화가 저해되고 투수성이 불량해 진다. 이러한 투수와 더불어 다량의 SiO$_2$, F$_2$, MR, MgO 등이 하층으로 용출되어 투수성과 통기성을 저하시키고 간척지 토양의 토양 물리화학적 불량에 의한 저수확답의 원인의 되어 벼의 재배가 어렵고 생산성이 낮아 경제성을 기대하기 어렵다. (김, 1992 : 고건, 1988 ;단야, 1983 ; 전중등, 1974). 따라서 본 실험에서는 토양의 염분농도차이가 토양화학성과 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 간척지 토양의 경제성을 높이는데 기초자료로 활용코자 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 0.1%의 염분농도 토양은 8월15일, 0.4%의 염분농도 토양은 8월 20일, 0.8%의 염분 농도 토양은 8월 25일로서 0.1%의 염분농도 토양이 가장 빨랐다. 2. 쌀수량은 토양의 염분농도가 0.1%로 낮은 토양이 599kg/10a로 가장 많았고, 다음으로는 0,4%의 염분농도 토양이 568kg/10a이었고 0.8%의 염분농도 토양은 446kg/10a로 가장 낮았으며 쌀수량 구성요소 역시 같은 경향으로 0.1%의 염분농도 토양에서 가장 우수하였고 다음으로는 0.4%, 0.8%순으로 나타났었다. 3. 쌀수량과 토양의 이화학적 특성간의 상관에서는 pH와는 부의 상관, 유기물, 인산, 질소, 가리, 칼슘, 마그네슘의 함량간에는 정의상관이있다. 4. 전남광양만 간척지에서 쌀수량과 수량 구성요소면에서 볼때에 적합한 토양의 염분농도는 0.1%이라고 사료된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 1991

The liquifying $\alpha-amylase$ production from B. subtilis, A. oryzae and B. natto using wheat and rice bran as low cost culture medium was investigated. Among 3 strains, B. natto showed heights productivity of $\alpha-amylase$ in the outer wheat bran medium. And the optimum culture condition is pH 6.8 and $37^{\circ}C$ for the production of $\alpha-amylase$. The $\alpha-amylase$ activity of the crude enzyme and the purified enzyme are 256 unit/ml and 10,700 unit/ml, respectivitly. The $\alpha-amylase$ from B. natto cultrtured in outer wheat bran medium was purified into nearly a pure state(98.7%). And the molecular weight of the purified $\alpha-amylase$ was 34,000.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.127-138
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• 2022

In responding to climate change in the agricultural sector, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach to establish a sustainable agricultural system through comprehensive management of technology, policy, and investment. The international community is continually expanding CSA implementation, and it became more important to understand the status of the domestic agriculture system and practices that are relevant to CSA. This study explored the available CSA in domestic agricultural systems and presented the order of relative importance of CSA technology. AHP analysis is employed for the evaluation with the following criteria: productivity, marketability, adaptability, and mitigation. The relative importance is evaluated with six agricultural technologies (soil, crop management, water, energy efficiency, alternative energy, and precision agriculture) in 28 agricultural technology sectors. The results of the AHP analysis showed that 'alternative energy' was found to be a top priority among the agricultural technology sectors, and 'shallow depth drain in rice paddy' was a top priority for agricultural technology. Also, the 'marketability' in soil and water sectors, 'mitigation' in crop management, and 'adaptability' in energy efficiency and alternative energy were given higher priority. The results of this study can be used as a good source for strategic CSA preparation and application.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effects of seeding date on agronomic characteristics, productivity and feed value of Italian ryegrass, barley and rye during cropping after rice in Suwon, middle region of Korea, during 2004 and 2005. In general, early seeding (26 September) showed longer plant length and branch numbers per square meter than late sowing (11 October). Italian ryegrass had more early seeding effect than barley and rye. The yield of each plant was affected by sowing date in all experiments: the earlier seeding had higher yields than late seeding. In case of Italian ryegrass and barley as late-heading varieties showed more early seeding effect than rye. On the other hand, feed value tended to respond differently to yields. The feed value of each plant were based on liquid swine manure (12%) > composted cattle manure (7%) > composted swine manure (2%). The present results highlight the earlier planting obtained higher yield compared to those planted conventionally.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

Dry matter productivity at silage stage of two corn hybrids varying resistance to rice blackstreaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) and two sorghum hybrids varying growth duration was evaluated at six planting dates (Apr. 1, Apr. 15, Apr. 29, May 13, May 27, and June 10) in Kyongsan where RBSDV is prevalent.Corn was harvested 38-40 days after silking. For sorghum 1st-cut was made 19-22 days after heading and some regrowth (2nd-cut) on October 13. 1. Percent stand of both corn hybrids was over 91% at all planting dates, but that of sorghum ranged 37.2-80.3% depending on hybrids and planting dates. 2. The number of days from planting to emergence decreased as planting date delayed in both crops. The number of days from emergence to silking of both corn hybrids and a sorghum hybrid(P 956) decreased as planting date delayed, but that of the other sorghum hybrid(P 931) increased significantly after May 13 planting. 3. RBSDV infection rate of corn hybrids was highest at April 1 planting (Kwanganok 24.896, Jinjuok 63.0%) and decreased up to April 29 planting and then increased as planting date delayed. Sorghum was not infected by RBSDV at all. 4. EarfTotal dry matter ratio of corn ranged 30.6-47.9% and that of sorghum 3.1-30.7% depending on hybrids and planting dates. All the hybrids developed grain normally at all planting dates except a sorghum hybrid (P 931) which developed few grains after May 13 planting. 5. Crude (C) protein and C. fat contents were similar among all treatments. C. fiber content of P 931 was higher than that of both corn hybrids and P 956, but nitrogen free extract (NFE) was lower. C. fiber and NFE of both corn hybrids and 1st-cut sorghum were similar among the planting dates, but C. fiber and NFE of 2nd-cut of sorghum decreased and C. protein increased as planting date delayed due to plants were younger. 6. Dry matter (DM) yield of all hybrids decreased as planting date delayed except Jinjuok of which yield was highest at April 29 planting. DM yield of corn was similar to 1st-cut sorghum, but lower than total DM yield of sorghum at April 1 and 15 plantings where regrowth yield was high.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2005

The increasing of greenhouse gases may change agricultural environment. The agronomic productivity will depend upon change of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and fertilization. Particularly, nitrogen fertilization considerably influences rice productivity and agricultural environments. This experiment was conducted to study transformation of nitrogen and to determine the primary yield components responsible for yield differences in paddy soil. $NH_4-N$ concentration of NPK plot in surface water of paddy soil was $2.07mg\;L^{-1}$ at 5 days after transplanting, and then was decreased sharply due to rice absorption and loss to environment. $NO_3-N$ concentration of NPK plot in surface water was $3.97mg\;L^{-1}$ at 10 days after transplanting. $NO_3-N$ concentration range of CRF plot in surface water was $3-5mg\;L^{-1}$ at 30th after transplanting. The accumulation of $NH_3$ volatilization in NPK plot was $22.39kg\;ha^{-1}$, which accounted for 20% of N fertilizer applied but using of CRF fertilizer can reduce $NH_3$ volatilization by 67% in paddy soil. Use efficiency of N fertilizer was not different between CRF70% and CRF100% plot. Rate of N use efficiency were 27.4%, 51.2%, 49.0% in paddy field NPK, CRF70% and CRF100% plots respectively. The yield of CRF70% showed the best effect with 9.3% increase production ratio, compare with NPK plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.579-596
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• 1997

A simulation study was carried out to delineate potential effects of the lake-induced climate change on crop productivity around Lake Imha which was formed after a multi-purpose dam construction in Andong, Korea. Twenty seven cropping zones were identified within the 30 km by 25 km study area. Five automated weather stations were installed within the study area and operated for five years after the lake formation. A geostatistical method was used to calculate the monthly climatological normals of daily maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation and precipitation for each cropping zone before and after the dam construction. Daily weather data sets for 30 years were generated for each cropping zone from the monthly normals data representing "No lake" and "After lake" climatic scenarios, respectively. They were fed into crop models (ORYZA1 for rice, SOYGRO for soybean, CERES-maize for corn) to simulate the yield potential of each cropping zone. Calculated daily maximum temperature was higher after the dam construction for the period of October through March and lower for the remaining months except June and July. Decrease in daily minimum temperature was predicted for the period of April through August. Monthly total radiation was predicted to decrease after the lake formation in all the months except February, June, and September and the largest drop was found in winter. But there was no consistent pattern in precipitation change. According to the model calculation, the number of cropping zones which showed a decreased yield potential was 2 for soybean and 6 for corn out of 27 zones with a 10 to 17% yield drop. Little change in yield potential was found at most cropping zones in the case of paddy rice, but interannual variation was predicted to increase after the lake formation. the lake formation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1989

Forage productivity of cropping systems of rye - silage corn, silage corn - oats, silage corn - rape was studied in the south-eastern part of Korea where rice black-streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) infection of corn are severe. Rye(cv. Paldanghomil) was planted on Oct. 20 of 1986 and harvested 10 times from April 5 to May 5 at the 5-day intervals in 1987, corn (cv. Suweon 19 and Jinjuok) was planted 5 times from April 5 to May 15 at the 10-day intervals in 1987, and oats(cv. Megwiri) and rape (cv. Velox) were planted 4 times from Sept: 4 to 25 at the 7-day intervals and harvested 4 times from Nov. 10 to Dec. 10 at the 10-day intervals in 1987. Considering yield, nutrition value, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), forage productivity of the cropping systems was compared. As harvesting time of rye delayed, plant height, dry matter(DM) yield, percent DM, crude fiber, and digestible DM yield increased, but crude protein, crude fat, and IVDMD decreased. However, nitrogen free extract was not different among the harvesting dates. As planting date of corn delayed, RBSDV infection rate increased. but DM yield of silage decreased. However, silage yield of Jinjuok was higher, but RBSDV infection rate was lower compared with Suweon 19 at all planting dates. DM yield of oats and rape decreased as planting date delayed. However, at Sept. 4 and 11 plantings yield of oats on Nov. 10 was much lower than that of rape, but the differences in yield between two crops decreased with delayed harvesting, and yield was similar on Dec. 10. A cropping system harvesting rye around April 20 and followed by planting corn in late April was best among the rye-corn systems considering yield and nutrition value of both crops. However, among the corn-oats or corn-rape cropping systems early April planting of corn and followed by early Sept. planting of oats or rape showed best results with similar yield potential of the best rye-corn cropping system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.460-466
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• 2009

Carbon fixation and density of crops are important to estimate carbon uptake or emission by agricultural production activities and to establish life cycle inventory of crops for assessment of climate change impact. In this study, regional carbon fixation and density in each part of 14 crops, harvest index, and ratio of aboveground to underground were investigated to estimate biomass of 14 crops in Korea by using agricultural statistics data. Biomass yield of potato was $16.5ton\;ha^{-1}$, which was the highest, and those of rice, sweet potato, and garlic were $10.5ton\;ha^{-1}$, $8.7ton\;ha^{-1}$, and $7.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. Biomass yield of Green onion was the lowest as $2.8ton\;ha^{-1}$. Carbon density of 14 crops were in the order of potato ($6.4ton\;ha^{-1}$), rice ($4.2ton\;ha^{-1}$), sweet potato ($3.4ton\;ha^{-1}$), rape ($2.9ton\;ha^{-1}$) and garlic ($2.8ton\;ha^{-1}$). Regional distribution of carbon contents for each crop mapped revealed that carbon fixation of rice, soybean, sesame, garlic, and green onion were the highest in Jeonnam province, barley, red pepper, and watermelon in Gyeongnam, perilla in Chungnam, peanut in Gyeongbuk, rape and carrot in Jeju, sweet potato in Gyeonggi, potato in Gangwon. The results can be applied for assessing life cycle inventory of crops and crop productivity using remotely sensed data.