• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Recently, biomass conversion from agricultural wastes to carbon-rich materials such as biochar has been recognized as a promising option to maintain or increase soil productivity, reduce nutrient losses, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the agro-ecosystem. This experiment was conducted to select an optimum conditions for enhancing the NH₄-N adsorption capacity of rice hull activated biochar. METHODS AND RESULTS: For deciding the proper molarity of KOH for enhancing its porosity, biochars treated with different molarity of KOH (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8) were carbonized at 600℃ in the reactor. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1.464 mg g^-1, and an optimum molarity was selected to be 6 M KOH. For the effect of adsorption capacity to different carbonized temperatures, 6 M KOH-treated biochar was carbonized at 600℃ and 800℃ under the pyrolysis system. The result has shown that the maximum adsorption capacity was 1.76 mg g^-1 in the rice hull activated biochar treated with 6 M KOH at 600℃ of pyrolysis temperature, while its non-treated biochar was 1.17 mg g^-1. The adsorption rate in the rice hull activated biochar treated with 6 M KOH at 600℃ was increased at 62.18% compared to that of the control. Adsorption of NH₄-N in the rice hull activated biochar was well suited for the Langmuir model because it was observed that dimensionless constant (R_L) was 0.97 and 0.66 at 600℃ and 800℃ of pyrolysis temperatures, respectively. The maximum adsorption amount (q_m) and the bond strength constants (b) were 0.092 mg g^-1 and 0.001 mg L^-1, respectively, for the rice hull activated biochar treated with 6 M KOH at 600℃ of pyrolysis. CONCLUSION: Optimum condition of rice hull activated biochar was 6M KOH at 600℃ of pyrolysis temperature.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Among the biomass conversion techniques of livestock manure, composting process is a method of decomposing organic matter through microorganisms, and converting it into fertilizer in soil. The aerobic composting process is capable of treating cow manure in large quantities, and produces greenhouse gas as CO₂ and N₂O, although it has economical benefit. By using the activated rice hull biochar, which is a porous material, it was intended to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions, and to produce the compost of which quality was high. Objective of this experiment was to estimate CO₂ and N₂O emissions through composting process of cow manure with different cooperated biochar contents. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments of activated rice hull biochar were set at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, respectively, during composting cow manure. The CO₂ emission in the control was 534.7 L kg^-1, but was 385.5 L kg^-1 at 15% activated rice hull biochar. Reduction efficiency of CO₂ emission was estimated to be 28%. N₂O emission was 0.28 L kg^-1 in the control, but was 0.03 L min^-1 at 15% of activated rice hull biochar, estimating about 89% reduction efficiency. CONCLUSION: Greenhouse gas emissions during the composting process of cow manure can be reduced by mixing with 15% of activated rice hull biochar for eco-friendly compost production.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2023

This batch experiment evaluated the impacts of major plant nutrient releases by applying the modified Hyperbola model on the leachates and N₂O emissions from incorporated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials. The treatments consisted of the control as incorporated with organic fertilizer materials, the incorporated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials, and the incorporated plasma-activated rice hull biochar with organic fertilizer materials under redox conditions. The results indicated that the maximum release amount of NH₄-N was 3486.3 mg L^-1 in the control, and their reduction rates of NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P, and K were 8.0%, 17.5% 44.3.0% and 8.7%, respectively, relative to the control. In the control, the highest soluble amount of PO₄-P was 681.0 mg L^-1. The estimations for accumulated NH₄-N, NO₃-N, PO₄-P, and K-releases in all the treatments were significantly (p<0.01) fitted with a modified Hyperbola model. For greenhouse gas emissions, the lowest cumulative N₂O was 340.4 mg kg^-1 in the soil incorporated with plasma-activated rice hull biochar, and the reduction rates were 27.8% and 86.4% in the rice hull biochar and plasma-activated rice hull biochar treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, it concluded that the incorporated rice hull biochar can be especially useful for controlling PO₄-P release and N₂O emissions for bio-fertilizer applications.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2016

This study investigated the potential use of soybean stover (SS) (0.1-0.5 g/100 mL)and rice hull (RH) (1.5-3.5 g/100 mL) derived biochars for removing methylene blue (100 mg/L) from wastewater compared to activated carbon (AC) (0.1-0.5 g/100 mL). The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The calculated maximum adsorption capacity was 71.42 mg/g for AC, 30.30 mg/g for SS, and 4.76 mg/g for RH. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The rate constant was 0.0020-0.0065 g/mg.min for AC, 0.0069-0.5787 g/mg.min for SS, and 0.1370-0.3060 for RH. AC and SS biochars showed considerable potential for adsorption.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2022

본 실험은 벼 재배 기간 동안 활성바이오차팰렛 비료(ABPFs) 시용에 따른 벼 생육 반응, 논 표면수 및 토양의 화학적 특성 변화를 평가하였다. 시험구 처리는 대조구, 활성왕겨바이오차 팰렛 비료(ARHBP-40%), 활성 야자수 바이오차 팰렛 비료(APBP-40%)로 구성되어 있다. ARHBP-40% 처리구에서 논 표면수의 NH₄⁺-N 및 PO₄^--P의 농도가 가장 낮게 관측되었으며, 대조구에서 토양 중의 NH₄⁺-N농도가 이양 후 30일 까지 급격하게 감소되었다. 또한, 바이오차 혼합처리구에서 NH₄⁺-N 농도는 이양 후 1일에 9.18 mg L^-1로서 가장 낮았으며, 이양 후 56일에 ABPFs 처리구에서 NH₄⁺-N 농도가 1 mg L^-1 이하로 관측되었다. 이앙 후 30일 까지 ARHBP-40% 처리구에서 PO₄^--P농도는 0.06 mg L^-1에서 0.08 mg L^-1 범주로 처리구 사이로 가장 낮았다. 대조구에 있어 논 토양 중의 NH₄⁺-N 농도는 이양 후 14일에 177.7 mg kg^-1 에서 49.4 mg kg^-1로 급격히 감소한 반면, NO₃^--N 농도는 13.2 mg kg^-1로 가장 높았다. 토양 중의 P₂O₅ 농도는 처리에 관계없이 이양 후부터 수확기 까지 증가하는 경향 이었다. APBP-40% 처리구에서 K₂O 농도는 이앙 후 84일에 252.8 mg kg^-1로 가장 높았다. 대조구에서 초장은 다른 처리구에 비해 높았으며, 수량은 대조구와 ARHBP-40% 처리구 사이에 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 농업 생태계에서 ARHBP-40% 처리를 함에 따라 질소와 인산 시용량을 줄일 수 있다.