• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

This experiment was carried out to select a resistant corn variety for rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease in a RBSDV prevalent area (Gochang of Jeollabukdo) from 2006 to 2008. Ten corn varieties for silage preparation were cultivated with first cropping and second cropping system in an RBSDV field, and were tested outbreak rates of RBSDV and dry matter (DM) yield of forage. The outbreak rates of RBSDV were significantly different between corn varieties. Therefore, the resistance degree of corn varieties for RBSDV were divided into 4 groups; very resistant ('Kwangpeyongok' and 'Kwanganok'), resistant ('P3156' and 'P3394'), mildly resistant ('Cheonganok' and 'P32P75') and susceptible ('Suwon19', 'DK697' and 'GW6959') groups respectively. DM yield of forage in RBSDV fields exhibited comparatively significant differences between varieties (p<0.05). DM yield of resistant varieties ('Kwangpeyongok', 'Kwanganok', 'P3156' and 'P3394'), were higher (14~26%) than those of susceptible varieties ('Suwon 19', 'DK697' and 'GW6959'). Therefore, resistant varieties were recommended for increasing forage productivity in field of RBSDV prevalent areas.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 1965

The effect of green ash cm the total yield and each yield component of rice was studied at highly Leaky paddy field. In addition, this effect of green ash was compared with that of Si-Mg-Ca fertilizer or lime. Experimental treatments included different levels and kinds of fertilizers such as 75 kg. per 10 are of Si-Mg-Ca fertilizer, 150 kg. of Ca and 75 kg., 150 kg., 225 kg., 300 kg., 375 kg. and 450 kg. of green ash with non-fertilized plot so called control, Paltal is the name of variety used. The results showed as follows ; 1) There is a tendency that the use of green ash, Si-Mg-Ca fertilizer and lime does not only stimulate the growth but increase yield in comparison with that of control. This increases in yield, mainly depends on the higher maturing rate, caused by these fertilizer applications. 2) In proportion to the total balk of green ash, yield showed getting higher. But excessed the level of 300 ㎏. per 10 are, significantly higher yield was not observed any more. This result is similar to that of Si-Mg-Ca fertilizer used plot. When green ash level reaches to 225 kg., are, is gives as high yield as that of Capit-fertilizer plot. 3) Thus the most adequate level of green ash application stands at about 300 kg. per are.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.295-303
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• 1997

To investigate the response on feeder cell cultures, protoplasts isolated from cell suspensions initiated from mature seed scutellum-derived callus of the Japonica rice variety Taipei 309, were cultured on filter membranes under various conditions. The effects of various factors, such as gelling agents, feeder cell and protoplast densities, species of feeder cells and heat shock treatment, have been investigated to improve protoplast plating efficiencies on filter membranes. Maximum protoplast plating efficiencies were obtained when protoplasts were cultured on KPR medium semi-solidified with Sea Plaque agarose at a density of $5\;\times\;10^{5}\;ml^{-1}$ protoplasts in the presence of Lolium multiflorum as feeder cells (0.5 ml pcv per 10 ml of protoplast culture medium). Pre-culture heat shock treatments for 1 min. and 5 min. to the protoplasts did not give any appreciable increase on the plating efficiency of protoplasts in the presence of feeder cells. Maltose-supplemented medium was superior for plant regeneration from protoplast-derived colonies compared with medium containing only sucrose. The plants were transferred to the glasshouse, flowered and were fertile.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

Soil fertility different depend on application rate of manure and compost for many years. While each crop has different adaptability depend on soil fertility, crop and species or varieties should be chosen depending on the adaptability and productivity. These experiments were carried out to compare the five winter cereal crops for whole crop silage on growth, yield and feed value as affected by soil organic content. The rate of increase on no. of spikes at high fertile soil compared with medium fertile soil was sequently high Samhan (Oat's variety) > Cheongwoo (Wheat) > Gogu (Rye) > Youngyang (Barley) > Shinyoung (Triticale). The rate of decrease at low fertile soil compared with medium fertile soil was sequently high Youngyang > Gogu > Cheongwoo > Shinyoung > Samhan. The triticale was lower variation of no. of spikes as affected by soil organic content than that of other winter cereals. The variations of dry matter yield as affected by soil fertility was higher oat and barley and lower triticale. Forage yield of triticale was higher about 69 percent than that of barley at low fertile soil. Forage yield was the highest in triticale and the lowest in rye in all soil fertility. In high fertile soil, rate of increasing digestible dry matter (DDM) yield compared with medium fertile was high in Samhan and Youngyang. Rate of reduced DDM yield in low fertile soil compared with medium fertile was low in Shinyoung and Cheongwoo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 1989

A secondary survey was conducted of 503 customers, to investigate eating out behaviours at five fast food restaurants of Youido apartment compound in Seoul, in April of 1988. The results are summarized as follows: The majority, 84% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. In contrast to the previous survey of 1986, in which no elderly customers were found, a small number of elderly customers were observed in this study. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent: 'convenient', 'allows for companionship', 'the pleasant place to eat', 'dining equipment and tableware are hygienic', 'to be able to stay as long as I want', and 'foods rapidly served'. Only 24.2% of the customers purchased the fast foods for a full meal, 38.3% purchased the foods for snacking, and others purchased ice cream only or drink only. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurants. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Taste preference was a major factor in food selection from available menu items, among the younger customers; whereas customers over 30 years old were concerned with nutritive balance. Fried chicken, pizza, rolled rice with laver, ice cream, and juice were high on the list of liked foods; in contrast, lower preference was for fish burger, doughnut, spaghetti, Chajang noodles and chili beans. The survey discovered that the preference for fried chicken, pizza, and salad had increased compared to the previous survey of 1986. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, and Japanese food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price; greater variety in the menu; developing fast foods from the traditional Korean foods; and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malt drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet- spicy rice noodles (docbokki), as fast foods.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1970

In application of manganese and silica to Akiochi soil, growth of rice plant with potassium was remarkably increased, but the growth without potassium was stunted and the number of the tiller was relatively reduced in comparison with that receiving potassium. The minus potassium plant developed tiny brown spots on the leaves and color of the leaves was dark green. They had smaller leaves and shorter stem while heading advanced. Roots with potassium were long and thick, and new ones developed, while roots without K were very poor, the branch and hair roots very thin, and severe root rot was observed. With minus potassium treatment, the root rot of Jin Heung(commercial variety) was more severe than Nonglim 6(Akiochi resistant). Growth of plant without potassium was very poor, and potassium content of the plant was very low, while nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, iron and manganese contents were higher than potassium supplied plant. Application of $Mn+SiO_2$ to Akiochi soil lowered iron content of plant, and iron content of the plant were also reduced by application of potassium. From the results obtained it can be concluded that root damage of minus potassium plant grown in Akiochi soil supplied $Mn+SiO_2$ was caused by potassium deficiency. Potassium, and $Mn+SiO_2$ applications lowered iron content in the plant grown on Akiochi soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 1998

The Southeast Asian javanica rice variety Tinawen was investigated for efficient protoplast culture and plant regeneration from cell suspension-derived protoplasts using a feeder cell culture method. Feeder cells of both Lolium multiflorum and Oryza ridleyi, either alone, or in combination, were employed and plants were regenerated from protoplast-derived colonies on several plant regeneration media. Dehydration of protoplast-derived colonies was also investigated as a means of enhancing plant regeneration. In the presence of L. multiflorum or O. ridleyi feeder cells, the protoplast plating efficiency ranged from 0.09% to 1.48%, depending on the feeder cell type and the age of the cell suspension. L. multiflorum feeder cells induced approximately 6-fold higher plating efficiency compared with those of O. ridleyi. The plant regeneration frequencies were 19.3-31.7% with L. multiflorum, 13.0-18.0% with O. ridleyi and 18.0-22.0% with a mixture of both in various plant regeneration media when protoplast-derived colonies were dehydrated, while for the non-dehydrated colonies, the values were 2.0-7.0%, 3.0-5.0% and 0-4.0%, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of 34 protoplast-derived plants showed that the majority of plants were diploids and only 2 plants were tetraploids. The plants which were transferred to glasshouse were fertile.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 1975

The pot experiment was conducted primarily to clarify the relationship between lime application and they amount of potassium for the basal and top dressings on paddy rice. (Orizae sativa L. cultivar; variety Jinheung) The soils mixed with lime and without lime were separately filled in to 0.2827 a. open-bottom concretepots. The soil with lime was treated with slaked lime, at two weeks before transplanting to correct soil pH. around 7.0. The total amount of potassium 12 kilograms per 10a was applied by two or three split doses during transplanting, 19 days after transplanting and primodial stages. The results of experiment obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The application of potash in the rate of 4kg per 10a or less for basal dressing and the remaining amount of potash for top dressing at 19 days after transplanting and primodial stage or one top dressing, at primodial stage have increased the yield of paddy with increased number of panicles per hill, milliequivalent ratio of $K^-/Ca^{++}+Mg^{++}$ in leaves in the later stage of growth, number of ripened grains per panicle, and rate of grain maturity. 2. On the other hand, the greater the amount of potassium given for the basal dressing (over 4kilograms per 10a), the smaller number of tillers and panicles were resulted. And the tendency was considered chiefly due to high salt concentration at the early stage of rice growth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2019

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of traits related to heading and yield was performed develop rice cultivars that are both early maturing and panicle weight type varieties. Our analysis included 120 strains of the Cheongcheong Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) variety. An observational growth experiment was conducted to identify genetic agronomic traits of CNDH. Heading date, ten plant weight, moisture, thousand grain weight, and yield had a normal distribution based on the frequency distribution table of the observational growth data. The QTL analysis found one heading-related and nine yield-related QTLs. The LOD of 2.85 was the largest in QTLs for heading date (QHD), 5.39 in QTLs for ten plant weight (QTPW), 3.92 in QTLs for moisture (QM), 4.80 in QTLs for thousand grain weight (QTGW), and 3.7 in QTLs for yield (QY). Genomic analysis detected 58 candidate genes on chromosome 2, 3, 7, 8, and 10. Among those, we found Rcd1 protein and OsERF3 gene in QM, MtN3 and zinc finger protein genes in QTGW, and OsNAC3 protein gene in QY. If further analysis reveals the presence of genes related to water content, thousand grain weight or yield in the CNDH stains, we can develop a selection of varieties that will be capable of coping with climate change and will contribute to global food problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.508-533
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• 2019

This study investigated the Sachanbalgi, which record the royal feasts given by the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. These records are contained within the Gungjung Balgi, which recorded the types and quantity of items used in royal court ceremonies. The Eumsikbalgi is the general name for the records of food found within this document. Using these Eumsikbalgi, and in particular the Sachanbalgi, this study investigated the food eaten and bestowed by the Joseon royal family. The Sachanbalgi describes four categories or occasions of feasts: royal birthdays, childbirth, royal weddings, and funerals. These records allow us to reconstruct who the attendees were and what the table settings and food were for instances not directly indicated in oral records, books, or other documents. The food at these Sachan (feasts) was diverse, being related to the specific event, and its contents varied based on the position of the person who was receiving the food. Usually, Bab (rice) was not found at a Sachanbalgi, and only on two occasions were meals with Bab observed. Specifically, it was served with Gwaktang (seaweed soup) at a childbirth feast. There were seven kinds of soups and stews that appeared in the Sachanbalgi: Gwaktang, Yeonpo (octopus soup), Japtang (mixed food stew), Chogyetang (chilled chicken soup), Sinseonro (royal hot pot), and Yukjang (beef and soybean paste). Nureumjeok (grilled brochette) and Saengchijeok (pheasant), and Ganjeonyueo (pan-fried cow liver fillet) and Saengseonjeonyueo (pan-fried fish fillet) were eaten. Yangjeonyueo, Haejeon, Tigakjeon (pan-fried kelp) and other dishes, known and unknown, were also recorded. Boiled meat slices appeared at high frequency (40 times) in the records; likewise, 22 kinds of rice cake and traditional sweets were frequently served at feasts. Five kinds of non-alcoholic beverages were provided. Seasonal fruits and nuts, such as fresh pear or fresh chestnut, are thought to have been served following the event. In addition, a variety of dishes including salted dry fish, boiled dish, kimchi, fruit preserved in honey, seasoned vegetables, mustard seeds, fish, porridge, fillet, steamed dishes, stir-fried dishes, vegetable wraps, fruit preserved in sugar, and jellied foods were given to guests, and noodles appear 16 times in the records. Courtiers were given Banhap, Tanghap, Myeonhap, wooden bowls, or lunchboxes. The types of food provided at royal events tracked the season. In addition, considering that for feasts food of the royal household was set out for receptions of guests, cooking instructions for the food in the lunchbox-type feasts followed the cooking instructions used in the royal kitchen at the given time. Previous studies on royal cuisine have dealt mostly with the Jineosang presented to the king, but in the Sachanbalgi, the food given by the royal family to its relatives, retainers, and attendants is recorded. The study of this document is important because it extends the knowledge regarding the food of the royal families of the Joseon Dynasty. The analysis of Sachanbalgi and the results of empirical research conducted to reconstruct the precise nature of that food will improve modern knowledge of royal cuisine.