• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2002

The Mongolian milk processing technology has a specific characteristic as a result of the living habits of Central Asian nomads. There are many kinds of milk products in Mongolia due to their processing activity used milk from various dairy animal species. Mongolia has over 30 kinds of dairy products and fermented milk products which are occupied more than 36% of the Mongolian dairy products. Herdsmen who engaged extensive livestock production have specific methods to conserve and prepare the starter culture of fermented milk products in nomadic condition. Specifically, Mongolian lactic starter cultures were prepared from keeping milk products and specific wild plants. Nowadays, over 5 kinds of wild plants such as Rheum undulatum L. Rheum ribes L, Rumex acetosa L. Artemisa sibersena L, Artemisa vulgare are used for lactic starter preparing. Traditional processing methods of the Mongolian fermented milk products are based on the scientific basis and there are easy to learn and operate.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.163-174
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• 2016

Objectives : Rheum undulatum Linne and Glycyrriza uralensis Fischer are widely used herbal medicine. In this study, anti-oxidant and liver protective effects of R. undunlatum extract (RUE) and G. uralensis extract (GUE) were investigated in HepG2 cells, respectively. Oxidative stress and liver fibrosis were induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and iron, and CCl₄.Methods : MTT assay was assessed for cell viability, and immunoblotting analysis was performed to detect expression of apoptosis related proteins. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction were measured. In vivo, BALB/c mouse were orally administrated with the aqueous extract of 10 mg/kg RUE and 100 mg/kg GUE for 3 days and then, injected with CCl₄ 0.5 ml/kg body weight to induce acute liver damage. Serum ALT level was measured, and histological change was observed in Harris's hematoxylin and eosin stainResults : RUE and GUE pre-treatment increased relative cell viability in concentration dependent manner and altered the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as procaspase 3, PARP and Bcl-xL. RUE and GUE also inhibited the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by AA and iron. In addition, RUE and GUE activated liver kinase B1 (LKB1), by increasing phosphorylation. Moreover, RUE and GUE treatment decreased liver injuries induced by CCl₄, as evidenced by decreases in histological liver damage as well as serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) level.Conclusions : These data suggest that RUE and GUE has anti-oxidant and liver protective effects against AA and iron-induced oxidative stress and CCl₄-induced liver injury.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.860-868
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• 1997

The effects of oil unsaponifiables (8 species) and methanolic plant extracts (53 species) on the thermal oxidation of oils during 14 or 16 hour heating at $180^{\circ}C$ were studied by analyzing the fatty acid composition of soybean oil or cottonseed oil. All the unsaponifiables tested did not show any antioxidative activities on the thermal oxidation of soybean oil. However, among the 53 species of methanolic plant extracts, some species (Rheum undulatum L., Chelidonium majus L. var. asiaticum and Eugennia caryopyllata T.) showed very strong antioxidative activities on the thermal oxidation of cottonseed oil. The antioxidative activities of methanolic extracts of these 3 species on thermal oxidation of cottonseed oil during an extended heating period were also studied by heating cottonseed oils for 7 hours a day for 8 days at $180^{\circ}C$. The methanolic extracts of Chelidonium majus L. v. asiaticum and Eugennia caryopyllata T. greatly reduced both polymer formation and linoleic acid decomposition after the 8 day heating at $180^{\circ}C$. However, the methanolic extracts of Rheum undulatum L. was effective for the reduction of polymer formation, but not for the reduction of linoleic acid decomposition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

Secondary phenolic metabolites play an important role in plant defense mechanisms, and increasing evidence indicates that many phenolic compounds are important in human health. To date, few studies have investigated the impact of various medicinal plants on levels of secondary plant metabolites. To address this issue, 82 species of Korean medicinal plants were screened to determine their resveratrol contents. Among 82 medicinal plants, 5 species such as Gardenia jasmonoides, Phlomis umbrosa, Rheum palmatum L., Polygala tenuifolia, Rubus chingii HU contained relatively high concentrations of resveratrol $(179.75{\sim}42.71\;{\mu}g/g)$. But, 40 species including Adenophora triphylla var. japonica HARA were only observed low concentrations or trace of resveratrol, and 20 species including Alpinia officinarum HANCE did not contain a resveratrol.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.600-604
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• 1998

Methanol extracts from 53 species of oriental medicinal plants in 34 families were tested for their fungicidal activities against Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Collectotrichum dematium, Botryospaeria dothidea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Botrytis cinerea, Puccinia recondita, and Erysiphe graminis. In in vitro study using impregnated paper disc method, the efficacy varied with both plant pathogen and plant species tested. Methanol extracts of Asarum sieboldii roots, Sinomenium acutum roots, Pinus densiflora leaves, Rheum undulatum root barks, Coptis japonica roots, and Phellodendron amurense barks showed potent fungicidal activities against the various pathogens when treated with 10 mg/disc. In a whole plant test, methanol extracts of P. densiflora leaves and roots and C. japonica roots were highly effective against a variety of plant pathogens. As a naturally occurring fungicide, P. densiflora- and C. japonica-derived materials could be useful as new fungicidal products against various plant diseases induced by plant pathogenic fungi.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.56-74
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• 1996

Prostaglandin $H_2$ synthase is the pharmacological target site of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase activity of the synthase by extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea have been estimated. Sixteen species out of 612 species exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on the enzyme activity. The active extracts prepared from Carex humilis, Celastrus orbiculatus, Eugenia caryophyllata, Gleditsia japonica var. koraiensis, Glycyrrhiza grabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Gyrophora exculenta, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Morus alba, Persicaria conspicua, Prunus salicina, pterocarya stenoptera, Rheum undulatum, Vitis amurensis, and Vitis coignetiae have been sequentially washed with methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. Among the solvent fractions of the active herbal extracts, ethyl acetate fraction of Carex humilis exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the cyclooxygenase activity of prostaglandin $H_2$ synthase.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 1982

Thirtyfour species of Korean medicinal plants which have been frequently used in oriental herb prescriptions were evaluated on their cytotoxicity and potential antitumor activities against AC glioma(9 ASK) in vitro. Dose of $100{\mu}g/ml$ of plant extracts appeared to exhibit slight cytotoxicity. Seven plant extracts, Aralia continentalis(Araliaceae), Lycium chinensis(Solanaceae), Epimedium koreanum(Berberidaceae), Platyodon grandiflorium(Campanulaceae), Pleuropterus multiflorus(Polygonaceae), Rheum undulatun(Polygonaceae) and Scutellaria baicalensis(Laminaceae), exhibited significant reversal$(51{\sim}90%)$ of astrocyte formation into original neuroglial cells' morphology through the prescreen tests.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

We have tested 101 species traditional medicinal plants on Acetylcholinester ase inhibition. Among them. Caesalpina sappan. Cnidium offcinale, Coptis japonica, Ephedra sinica, Eribotrya japonica, Gardenia jasminoides, Liriope platyphylla, Lonicera japonica, Paeonia suffruticosa, Phyllostachys nigra, Polygonum multiflorum, Prunella vulgaris, Rheum undulatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza and Uncaria rhynchophylla showed strong inhibition potency over 88%. In addition, Aconitum carmichaeli, Caesalphina sappan, Cinnamomun japonica, Citrus unshiu, Hordeum vulgare, Glycine max and Rehmannia glutinosa showed relatively good inhibition potency over 80%.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2002

141 methanol extracts from 125 plant species which populate in Korea were screened for antimicrobial activity against various food-borne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Those plants were selected from 3 different plant groups: traditional herbs, edible plants and flowers. The methanol extracts were tested by using the disk diffusion assay against five bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli. From the evaluation of the inhibition zone diameter of microbial growth, the most significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus auresus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli was observed from the extract of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Rheum officinale Baill., Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Koelreuteria paniculata Lax and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, respectively. The extract from many plants - Koelreuteria paniculata Lax, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Scutellaria bacicalensis Georgi, Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc., Rosa centifolia L., Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Lonicera japonica - showed antimicrobial activity all four tested bacteria.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1989

Among 100 species in 54 families of plants tested, leaf extracts from Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Malussieboldii, Reynoutria japonia and Rheum coreanum were inhibitory on mycelium growth of phytophthora spp.. Especially, Allium sativum and Malus sieboldii were strongly inhibitory. Allium sativum, Malussieboldii and Rhem coreanum were strongly inhibitory on zoosporangium germination of P. capsici. Malus sieboldii only were strongly inhibitory on zoosporangium germination of P. nicotiana and P. infestans.And Malus sieboldii were strongly effected on disease control of these pathogens. These results indicate the possibility of finding antagonistic plants in the nature for the control of certain pathogens in soil.