Traditional Dairy Products by Lactic Acid Bacteria in Mongolia

몽골에 있어서의 전통적 유산균 발효유제품

  • Inhyu Bae (Dept. of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon Natonal University) ;
  • Sedkhun Burenjargal (Veterinary School & Biotechnology, Mongolian State University of Agricultrue) ;
  • Kang, Kook-Hee (Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Yang, Chul-Ju (Dept. of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon Natonal University) ;
  • Kong, Il-Keun (Dept. of Animal Science & Technology, Sunchon Natonal University)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

The Mongolian milk processing technology has a specific characteristic as a result of the living habits of Central Asian nomads. There are many kinds of milk products in Mongolia due to their processing activity used milk from various dairy animal species. Mongolia has over 30 kinds of dairy products and fermented milk products which are occupied more than 36% of the Mongolian dairy products. Herdsmen who engaged extensive livestock production have specific methods to conserve and prepare the starter culture of fermented milk products in nomadic condition. Specifically, Mongolian lactic starter cultures were prepared from keeping milk products and specific wild plants. Nowadays, over 5 kinds of wild plants such as Rheum undulatum L. Rheum ribes L, Rumex acetosa L. Artemisa sibersena L, Artemisa vulgare are used for lactic starter preparing. Traditional processing methods of the Mongolian fermented milk products are based on the scientific basis and there are easy to learn and operate.

몽골의 유가공 기술은 중앙아시아 지역의 유목민 생활방식의 독특한 전통에서 온 것으로 고유의 특성을 갖고 있다. 몽골의 전통적인 유가공 방식은 몽골의 토착종인 몽골우의 원유의 품질과 각 유성분 (단백질, 지방, 그리고 유당)의 허실 없는 완전이용 개념에 바탕을 두고 있다. 몽골에서는 다양한 종류의 유즙생산 동물로부터 젖을 취하여 가공하는 것이 발달했으므로 많은 종류의 유제품이 제조되고 있다. 몽골에서는 30종 이상의 유제품이 제조되고 있는데 그 중 36%는 발효유제품이 차지한다. 몽골의 전통적 발효유제품은 그 자체가 매우 특색이 있다. 왜냐하면 유산구균, 유산간균 그리고 효모가 함께 발효 유제품의 스타터로 사용되고 또한 함께 생육하고 있기 때문이다. 몽골에서는 유목민 생활의 여건 하에서 발효유제품에 쓰이는 유산균 스타터의 제조와 보관 방법이 매우 독특하게 전해져 오고 알다. 기존의 발효은 제품을 처리하여 스타터로 준비하거나 몇몇 특별한 야생식물로부터 유산균을 얻는 방식이 독특하다. 지금은 Rheum undulantum L., Rheum ribes L., Rumex acetosa L., Artemisa sibersena L., Artemisa vulgare와 같은 다섯 종류 이상의 야생식물이 유산균 스타터의 균원으로 사용되고 있다. 몽골에서는 젖을 가공할 때 소규모로서 매우 간단한 도구를 사용하는데 특히 발효유제품 가공기술은 배우기가 쉽고 나름대로의 과학적인 현상에 그 바탕을 두고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Baldorji, R. (1988) 'Laboratory Methods in Koumiss Quality Analysis', CEJIbX03rH3, Moscow. Russia
  2. Baldorji, R., and Namsrai, Ts. (1980) 'Mongolia Koumiss', Press of Academy of the Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  3. Batsukh, Ts. (1995) 'Processing of Camel milk', INTERPRESS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  4. Biliner, A. M. (1974) Poison of Food. Koloc Leningrad, Russia
  5. Burenjargal, S. (2001) 'Traditional fermented milk products in Mongolia', Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology. pp. 175-177
  6. Damdinsuren, L. (1978) Microbiology and Technology of the Mongolian Cheese 'byslag' Dissertation for Ph. D. Academy of Moscow, Russia
  7. Gombo, G. (1992) Mongolian mares milk and its magic, Printing House of the State's Standard, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  8. Gombodash, T. (1996) 'Practical Handbook of Mongolian Traditional food for Enjoining Tastes', Printing House of the State's Standard, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  9. Indra, R., Osorkhaan, U. and Soodol, D. T. (1976) 'Milk and milk products', State Printing House, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  10. Indra, R. (2000) 'Dairy products of Mongolia', AЛTAH YCЭГ Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  11. Indra, R., Tsoodol, D. and Baldorji, R. (1988) 'Methods in Food microbiology', AЛTAH YCЭГ, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  12. Lhagbajav, B. (1998) 'Butter making from milk of Yak and Hainak', INTERPRESS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  13. Ligaa, Y. (1987) Useful plants of Mongolia. The first volume, Press of Academy of the Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  14. 'Milk' Joint Stock Company (2000) Production & Trade : Handbook, BNT-HHTEPHATHOHAJI, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  15. Ministry of Agriculture of Mongolia (1999) 'White revolution', The government of Mongolia the decision 103rd implementation of national program, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  16. Ministry of Agriculture of Mongolia (1995-1999) 'Mongolia Dairy Products', Report of Science-Technological Project. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  17. Ministry of Agriculture of Mongolia (2000) 'Milk, dairy products', Collection of Theological and Practical Conference's Report. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  18. Nakae, T. (1987) 'Further Studies on Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Mongolian Milk and Milk products', Korean Dairy Technology, 5(1), 1-7
  19. Nakae, T. (1988) 'Chemical and Biochemical Properties of Mongolian Milk and Milk products', Korean Dairy Technology, 5(2), 117-128
  20. Nansalmaa, D. and Damdinsuren, L. (1998) 'The Strategy of Dairy Industry of Mongolia', The Report of Theoretical and Practical Conference. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  21. Nyamaa, D. (1980) 'Processing of Mongolia dairy products', State Printing House, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  22. Ongoodoi, Ch. (1991) 'Culinary Excursions Through of Mongolia', ГЭГЭЭPЭЛ, (translated from Inner Mongolia), Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  23. Tsendsuren, C. (1989) 'Chemical composition and characteristics of the ewe's milk', УPЛАХ ЭPд,ЭМ, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  24. Tsendsuren, S. (1998) 'Processing Technology of Animal Products', УPЛАХ ЭPдЭМ, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
  25. Tsoodol, D. and Munkhtuya, R. (1974) 'Results of study Micro flora of Mongolian Yoghurt', Journal of Agriculture, 3, 18-21
  26. Tsevel, Y. (1936) 'Dairy products of Mongolia', State Printing House, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia