• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2018

배경: CDe 표현형 환자에서 수혈에 의해 항-E 또는 항-E/-c 항체가 생길 수 있다. CDe 표현형 환자에서 항-E 또는 항-E/-c 항체의 생성에 따른 특성의 차이를 조사해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 2014년에 실시된 비예기항체 동정 검사결과를 후향적으로 검토하였다. Rh 표현형과 항체 특이성을 조사하였고, CDe 표현형 환자의 수혈 및 의무 기록을 조사 하였다. 결과: 총 76명의 환자가 포함되었다. 76명의 환자 중 38명(50.0%)이 CDe 표현형이었다. 항-E 항체 양성군은 23명(60.5%)이었고, 항-E/-c 양성군은 9명(23.7%) 이었다. 총 수혈 단위와 혈소판 수혈 단위는 항-E/-c 항체 양성군에서 유의하게 높았다(P=0.028, P=0.01). 분류된 질병군의 분포는 항-E 및 항-E/-c 항체 양성군간에 차이가 없었다. 수혈의 빈도가 4회 이상을 차지하는 비율은 간담도계 질환 환자군에서 85.7%로 가장 높았다. 결론: CDe 표현형 환자에서 항-E 양성군보다 항-E/-c 양성군에서 혈소판 수혈이 의미 있게 높아 적혈구 동종면역에 혈소판의 역할이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한국인에서 E 항원 면역원성이 가장 높기 때문에 CDe 표현형 환자들에게 E 항원과 c 항원 음성 혈액의 수혈이 요구되는 질환군을 향 후 정의할 필요가 있다.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2018

Background: Although testing to detect weak D antigens using the antihuman globulin reagent is not required for D- patients in many countries, it is routinely performed in Korea. However, weak D testing can be omitted in D- patients with a C-E- phenotype as this indicates complete deletion of the RHD gene, except in rare cases. We designed a new algorithm for weak D testing, which consisted of RhCE phenotyping followed by weak D testing in C+ or E+ samples, and compared it with the current algorithm with respect to time and cost-effectiveness. Methods: In this retrospective study, 74,889 test results from January to July 2017 in a tertiary hospital in Korea were analyzed. Agreement between the current and proposed algorithms was evaluated, and total number of tests, time required for testing, and test costs were compared. With both algorithms, RHD genotyping was conducted for samples that were C+ or E+ and negative for weak D testing. Results: The algorithms showed perfect agreement (agreement=100%; ${\kappa}=1.00$). By applying the proposed algorithm, 29.56% (115/389 tests/yr) of tests could be omitted, time required for testing could be reduced by 36% (8,672/24,084 min/yr), and the test cost could be reduced by 16.53% (536.11/3,241.08 USD/yr). Conclusions: Our algorithm omitting weak D testing in D- patients with C-E- phenotype may be a cost-effective testing strategy in Korea.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of using an infrared thermography technique for phenotype analysis of pepper seedlings exposed to a low-temperature environment. Methods: We employed an active thermography technique to evaluate the thermal response of pepper seedlings exposed to low-temperature stress. The temperatures of pepper leaves grown in low-temperature conditions ($5^{\circ}C$, relative humidity [RH] 50%) for four periods (6, 12, 24, and 48 h) were measured in the experimental setting ($23^{\circ}C$, RH 70%) as soon as pepper seedling samples were taken out from the low-temperature environment. We also assessed the visible images of pepper seedling samples that were exposed to low-temperature stress to estimate appearance changes. Results: The greatest appearance change was observed for the low-temperature stressed pepper seedlings that were exposed for 12 h, and the temperature from these pepper seedling leaves was the highest among all samples. In addition, the thermal image of low-temperature stressed pepper seedlings for 6 h exhibited the lowest temperature. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the leaf withering owing to the water deficiency that occurred under low-temperature conditions could induce an increase in temperature in plant leaves using the infrared thermography technique. These results suggested that the time-resolved and averaged thermal signals or temperatures of plants could be significantly associated with the physiological or biochemical characteristics of plants exposed to low-temperature stress.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2023

KAI1/CD82, a membrane tetraspanin protein, can prevent various cancers and retinal disorders through its anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic capacity. However, little is known about its anti-inflammatory effect and molecular mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to inLPSvestigate effect of a recombinant protein of the large extracellular domain of human KAI1 (Gly 111-Leu 228, rhKAI1) on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and to identify its underlying mechanism. Our data showed that rhKAI1 suppressed expression levels of classically macrophages (M1) phenotype-related surface markers F4/80+CD86+ in LPS-stimulated BMDM and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LPS markedly increased mRNA expression and release levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, whereas these increases were substantially down-regulated by rhKAI1. Furthermore, LPS strongly increased expression of NF-κB p65 in the nuclei and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. However, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of JNK were greatly reversed in the presence of rhKAI1. Especially, rhKAI1 markedly suppressed expression of toll-like receptor (TLR4) and prevented binding of LPS with TLR4 through molecular docking predict analysis. Importantly, Glu 214 of rhKAI1 residue strongly interacted with Lys 360 of TLR4 residue, with a binding distance of 2.9 Å. Taken together, these findings suggest that rhKAI1 has an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-polarized macrophages by interacting with TLR4 and down-regulating the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1978

서울, 광주, 부산, 제주지방에서 총 863명을 대상으로 ABO, MNSs, Rh, Diego, Duffy, Kell, Kidd 및 P혈액형의 빈도와 분포를 조사하여 비교 고찰하였다. ABO혈액형의$I^B$인자의 빈도는 제주지방을 제외하면 북쪽에서 남쪽으로 가면서 낮아지고, $I^A$인자는 반대로 증가하는 경향성이 있었다. 그리고 과거 약 50년간에 있어서 한국인의 A형은 점차로 증가하고 B형을 감소되는 경향이 고찰되었다. NM혈액형의 $Ig^M$인자의 빈도도 제주지방을 제외하면 중부지방에서 남부지방으로 가면서 감소되었다. 한국인의 $Ig^M$인자 빈도는 0.518이었는데 이것은 중국의 북방과 일본의 사이에 든다. Rh혈액형의 $Rh^-$형은 0.26%이었고, CCDee형이 42.41%로 가장 높은 빈도 였으며, CcDEe형은 약 34%, ccdee형은 0.087%로 가장 낮았다. 한국인의 Di(a+)형은 6.633%였고, Fy(a+)형은 99.267% Fy(b+)형은 13.832%이었다. 제주지방의 Fy(b+) 빈도는 17%였는데, 이것은 한국인과 일본인집단(19.23%)의 중간에 해당한다. K+형은 서울에서 1예가 발견되었을 뿐이었다. Kidd혈액형의 JK(a+)형과 P혈액형의 P+형은 조사지역에 따라 가장 심한 빈도의 차이를 나타냈다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2005

Bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, stimulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There are lots of evidences supporting a direct participation of periodontal ligament(PDL) cells on periodontal tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human(rh) BMP-7 on primary rat PDL cells in vitro, with special focus on the ability of bone formation. The PDL cells were cultured with rhBMP-7 at the concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200ng/ml for MTT assay. We evaluated the alkaline phosphatase activity at 3 and 5 days of incubation and the ability to produce mineralized nodules of rat PDL cells at 14 days of cell culture in concentration of 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100ng/ml. The cell activity was not reduced in cells treated with BMP-7 at $10{\sim}100ng/ml$, whereas the cell activity was reduced in the concentration of 200ng/ml than the control at day 1 and 3(p<0.01). At 3 and 5 day, alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in cells treated with BMP-7 at 50ng/ml and 100ng/ml(p<0.05). The area of mineralized bone nodule was greater in cells treated with BMP-7 at 50 and 100 ng/ml than the control(p<0.01). These results suggest that rhBMP-7 stimulate rat PDL cells to differentiate toward osteoblast phenotype and secretion of the extracellular matrix of rat PDL cells.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2022

Objective: To classify facial asymmetry (FA) phenotypes in adult patients with skeletal Class III (C-III) malocclusion. Methods: A total of 120 C-III patients who underwent orthognathic surgery (OGS) and whose three-dimensional computed tomography images were taken one month prior to OGS were evaluated. Thirty hard tissue landmarks were identified. After measurement of 22 variables, including cant (°, mm), shift (mm), and yaw (°) of the maxilla, maxillary dentition (Max-dent), mandibular dentition, mandible, and mandibular border (Man-border) and differences in the frontal ramus angle (FRA, °) and ramus height (RH, mm), K-means cluster analysis was conducted using three variables (cant in the Max-dent [mm] and shift [mm] and yaw [°] in the Manborder). Statistical analyses were conducted to characterize the differences in the FA variables among the clusters. Results: The FA phenotypes were classified into five types: 1) non-asymmetry type (35.8%); 2) maxillary-cant type (14.2%; severe cant of the Max-dent, mild shift of the Man-border); 3) mandibular-shift and yaw type (16.7%; moderate shift and yaw of the Man-border, mild RH-difference); 4) complex type (9.2%; severe cant of the Max-dent, moderate cant, severe shift, and severe yaw of the Man-border, moderate differences in FRA and RH); and 5) maxillary reverse-cant type (24.2%; reverse-cant of the Max-dent). Strategic decompensation by pre-surgical orthodontic treatment and considerations for OGS planning were proposed according to the FA phenotypes. Conclusions: This FA phenotype classification may be an effective tool for differential diagnosis and surgical planning for Class III patients with FA.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.747-760
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• 2005

Periodontal therapy has dealt primarily with attempts at arresting progression of disease. however, more recent techniques have focused on regenerating the periodontal ligament having the capacity to regenerate the periodontium. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7(rhBMP-7) can differentiate the osteoprogenitor cells and induce bone formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of BMP-7 on rat periodontal ligament cells differentiation, in vitro. In the control group, cells was cultured with DMEM media. In the experimental groups, cells were cultured with rhBMP-7 in concentration of 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/ml. Each group was characterized by examining alkaline phosphatase activity at 3 and 5 days of culture and the ability to produce mineralized nodules of rat calvarial cells at 14 days of culture. Synthesis of type I collagen(COL-I), osteocalcin(OCN), and bone sialoprotein(BSP) was evaluated by RT-PCR at 7 days of culture. Activation of Smad proteins and p38 MAP kinase was determined by western blot analysis of the cell lysates. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the concentration of BMP-7 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml compared to the control(p<0.05). The mineralized bone nodule formation was greater with addition of 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml BMP-7 than the control(p<0.01). In 7 days' culture, the expressions of COL-I, BSP, and OCN was increased by BMP-7 in concentration of 10 $ng/ml{\sim}100$ ng/ml. In western blot analysis, BMP-7 treated culture cells expressed Smad 1,5,8 in dose-dependent manner, whereas BMP-7 did not activate phosphorylated form of p38 MAP kinase. These result suggested that BMP-7 stimulate rat periodontal ligament cells to differentiate toward osteoblast phenotype and increase bone matrix production by activation of BMP-Smad pathway.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2002

유전자 재조합으로 제조한 사람 $interleukin-1{\beta}$ $(rhIL-1{\beta})$는 생쥐의 calvarial 골세포계에서 분리한 골아세포에 여러 가지 조절기능을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 $rhIL-1{\beta}$가 농도의존적으로 골세포에 영향을 주는지 해명하기 위하여 배양된 골아세포의 세포증식과 prostaglandin $E_2$합성 그리고 plasminogen activator활성에 대한 영향을 검토한 결과 이들을 촉진하였다. 그러나 비타민D에 따라 반응하는 골아세포의 특징으로 알려진 osteocalcin생합성과 alkaine phosphatase활성의 유도생성은 $rhIL-1{\beta}$에 의해 오히려 길항적이었다. 이러한 결과는 골세포대사의 병리학적인 조절과정에서 $IL-1{\beta}$가 골다공증의 병리학적 역할을 규명하는 새로운 결과이다. $IL-1{\beta}$에 의한 골흡수현상이 생쥐의 calvarial골세포에서 calcitonin처리로 크게 억제되어, 결과적으로 이러한 결과는 $IL-1{\beta}$에 의해 유발되는 골재흡수란 osteoclast에 의한다는 사실을 시사하였다. 한편, 한방에서 골다공증치료와 예방에 사용되는 대영전-자하거추출물의 기능을 해명하기 위하여, $IL-1{\beta}$-유발 $PGE_2$합성만을 특이적으로 저해하였다. 또한, 대영전-자하거 extract을 1시간 동안 여러 가지 농도로 전처리하고 다음으로 $PGE_2$-유도시약을 처리한 결과, $PGE_2$합성을 억제하였으며 동시에 $IL-1{\beta}$에 의해 유도된 plasminogen 의존적인 fibrinolysis을 억제하는 보호효과가 인정되었다. 한편, calcitonin처리가 $IL-1{\beta}$-촉진 골재흡수에 대한 저해활성을 보였으며 이러한 결과들은 calcitonin과 대영전-자하거 extract이 osteoclast매개성 골재흡수의 억제에 핵심적인 역할을 함을 시사하며 한방치료제로서의 근거를 제시하였다고 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.713-721
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• 2000

골세포는 골대사에 영향을 미치는 다양한 성장인자와 싸이토카인을 생성하여 골 기질로 유리시킨다. 이 연구는 쥐의 장골 세포 배양 모델에서 recombinant human IL-$1\beta$가 $PGE_2$ 합성과 plasminogen activator의 활성 조절을 통한 골 흡수 유도 기전의 일단을 구명하고, 이와 동시에 TGF-$\beta$에 의한 골흡수 억제 기전을 해명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 쥐의 장골 세포를 배양하여 통법의 골모세포 phenotype을 발현하는 세포를 분리하고 세포 배양능, alkaline phosphatase assay, PG assay, 골흡수능 측정들을 시행하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. IL-$1\beta$는 쥐의 골모세포의 증식, $PGE_2$ 생성 및 palsmonogen activator의 활성을 촉진하였다. 2. IL-$1\beta$는 쥐의 골모세포에서의 alkaline phosphatase 활성을 감소시켰다. 3. rhIL-$1\beta$는 골 흡수를 촉진시켰다. 4. TGF-$\beta$는 쥐의 장골 세포에서 골의 흡수를 억제하였으며, Vitamin $D_3$에 의하여 유도된 골 흡수를 억제하였다. 이상의 연구 결과는 IL-$1\beta$에 의한 골 파괴의 병인과 관련하여 골 세포 대사의 병리학적 조절에 있어서의 IL-$1\beta$의 역할을 지지하며, 이와 동시에 골 흡수 억제에 있어서의 TGF-$\beta$의 역할을 확인시켜주는 것으로 생각된다.