• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.157-175
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to find out the effects of the gambler's fallacy bias on the supply chain. For this study, the simulation was based on a casual structure of the Beer Distribution Game from Sterman(2000)'s Business Dynamics and designed into 2 different models : the first model carries the exact same structure as the reference mentioned above and for the second model, the comparison model is used reflecting gambler's fallacy bias. Each model has 2 different demand patterns. The 4 cases of models was tested with 1,000 different random number seeds. The results for the simulation are following : In the aspect of the inventory and out of stock, the basic model resulted better than the comparison. However, in the bullwhip effect, the comparison model has less than the basic in terms of the level demand pattern. But there was no significant difference in the cycle demand.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1987

자연과학은 계측기술의 발전과 함께 진전하고 있다고 보아도 된다. 여러 가지 자연현상을 정상 적이 아닌 정량적으로 엄밀하고도 정확하게 잡아냄으로서 비로소 한 사물과 다른 사물과의 관련 성과 인과관계를 적절하고도 확실하게 이해할 수가 있다. 최근 전자공학의 발달로 어제의 정밀 계측기와 오늘의 정밀계측기의 성능이나 면모가 일신되어 그 변화발전의 속도가 다른 분야보다 훨씬 앞지르고 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 특히 사물을 정상적으로 인식하는 패턴(pattern)과 같은 인식기술 또한 첨단계측기술이라 하겠으나, 이는 목적에 따라서는 일반적으로 불충분하며 수치로써 표현됨으로써 비로서 보편적이고도 타탕성이 있다고 보게되며, 적합하고도 확실한 정 보를 입수하며 지식을 잘 다듬음으로써 비로서 다른 사물에 잘 응용할 수가 있는 것이다. 여러 가지 공업적인 기술에 있어서 이 계측은 모든 것의 기초가 되며 계측기의 발달은 바로 그 분야의 문제해결과 적결되어서, 그 분야의 학문과 기술을 보다 한발 전진시켜주는 요인이 된다고 보아서 앞으로의 정밀계측기의 개발연구는 더울 중요성이 높게 평가되야만 한다고 생각한다. 따라서 자동차공업은 하나의 종합된 정밀기계공업이라고 볼 수 있으며 매년 우리나라 자동차생산은 증 대일락에 있고 그 수출량 또한 증가되어 품질보증은 그 어느때보다도 요구되고 있어, 과학의 기초인 계측에 관해 기초개명에서부터 최근의 정밀계측시스템에 대해서 살펴보고자 한다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.155-204
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• 2012

This study maps out the degree of liberalization of trade in services under four ASEAN+n frameworks. After constructing a database showing the existence of limitations on market access and/or national treatment by each service sector, the study finds that the commitment level differs greatly between sensitive and less sensitive sectors, and that the commitment level under the ASEAN Framework Agreement (AFAS) is the highest among the four FTAs studied. It also finds that there are cross-country and sector-wide similarities in the pattern of service sector commitment under and across each of the FTAs; this implies that the shared domestic sensitivities can be overcome by a shared economic cooperation scheme for enhancing competitiveness in the ASEAN+n region.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.323-333
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• 2015

As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to persistently changing stresses and have to be able to interpret and respond to them. The stresses, drought, salinity, chemicals, cold and hot temperatures, and various pathogen attacks have interconnected effects on plants, resulting in the disruption of protein homeostasis. Maintenance of proteins in their functional native conformations and preventing aggregation of non-native proteins are important for cell survival under stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) functioning as molecular chaperones are the key components responsible for protein folding, assembly, translocation, and degradation under stress conditions and in many normal cellular processes. Plants respond to pathogen invasion using two different innate immune responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) or resistance (R) proteins. HSPs play an indispensable role as molecular chaperones in the quality control of plasma membrane-resident PRRs and intracellular R proteins against potential invaders. Here, we specifically discuss the functional involvement of cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) HSPs/chaperones in plant immunity to obtain an integrated understanding of the immune responses in plant cells.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) has been proved effective and safe and even better for late or acute radiation toxicity for early breast cancer. Moreover, it improves patient convenience, quality of life and is expected to be advantageous in the medical care system by reducing overall cost. In this review, we examined key randomized trials of HF-WBI, focusing on adequate patient selection as suggested by the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) guideline and the radiobiologic aspects of HF-WBI in relation to its adoption into clinical settings. Further investigation to identify the current practice pattern or cost effectiveness is warranted under the national health insurance service system in Korea.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2015

In this paper, we measure the current and vibration signals of one-dimensional time series that occur in a motor and pump, respectively. These machines are representative rotary and pumping machines. We also eliminate unnecessary components such as noise by pre-processing the current and vibration signals. Then, in order to diagnose fault signals for the pump and motor, we transform from one-dimensional time series to a two-dimensional phase portrait using Takens’ embedding method. After this transformation, we review the variation in the pattern according to the fault signals.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1506-1521
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• 2019

Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is among the most pressing worldwide problems. Mtb uniquely interacts with innate immune cells through various pattern recognition receptors. These interactions initiate several inflammatory pathways that play essential roles in controlling Mtb pathogenesis. Although the TLR signaling pathways have essential roles in numerous host's immune defense responses, the role of TLR signaling in the response to Mtb infection is still unclear. This review presents discussions on host-Mtb interactions in terms of Mtb-mediated TLR signaling. In addition, we highlight recent discoveries pertaining to these pathways that may help in new immunotherapeutic opportunities.

• KSCI Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.287-297
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• 2006

This paper presents a new anti-copying methode for hard copy documents. The approach protects the document and its content from unauthorized copying and forgeries, while using ordinary paper and ordinary printer. The paper copy is protected against copying as the photocopy version will appear differently when compared to the authorized printed original hard copy. The anti-copying pattern created through pointillism with a halftone cell and a spot. The proposed method is useful for unauthorized copying and forgeries with high-resolution scanners and photocopiers.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.85-87
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• 2018

The arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an anomaly of capillary development that results from direct connection between branches of artery and vein without intervening capillary bed. The neurogenic tumors have a tendency to various types of degeneration. Recently, we experienced a 73-year old man with a mass in left supraclavicular area. The intraoperative findings showed severe adhesions with cervical plexus, like a neurogenic tumor. Finally, the mass was revealed as AVM. We report a unique disease pattern with a literature review.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

Smoking is one of the most harmful causes of disease. Many previous researches have shown that cigarette smoking leads to cardiovascular, respiratory, oncologic, and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition to such adverse effects, the literature indicates that cigarette smoking can worsen sleep quality and induce sleep disorders. This review focuses on the relationship between smoking/nicotine and sleep and sleep disorders of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and restless legs syndrome. Because smoking is a behavioral pattern that can be changed, it is important to quit smoking to improve overall health and sleep.