• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8573-8578
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• 2016

Background: This study was guided by principles of the theoretical system of evidence-based medicine. In particular, when searching for evidence of breast cancer, a measuring scale is an instrument for evaluating curative effects in accordance with the laws and characteristics of medicine and exploring the establishment of a system for medically assessing curative effects. At present, there exist few tools for evaluating curative effects. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) refer to outcomes directly reported by patients (without input or explanations from doctors or other intermediaries) with respect to all aspects of their health. Data obtained from PROs provide evidence of treatment effects. Materials and Methods: In accordance with the tenets of theoretical medicine and ancient medical theory regarding breast cancer, principles for developing a PRO scale were established, and a theoretical model was developed and a literature review was performed, items from this pool were combined and split, and an initial scale was constructed. After a pilot survey and additional modifications, a pre-questionnaire scale was formed and used in a field investigation. After the application of statistical methods, the item pool was used to create a formal scale. The reliability, validity and feasibility of this formal scale were then assessed. Results: In a clinical investigation, 479 responses were recovered, with an acceptance rate of 95%. a combination of various methods was employed, and the items that were selected by all methods or more than half of the methods were employed in the questionnaire. In these cases, the screening methods were combined with certain features of the item, A total of four domains and 38 items were reserved. The reliability analysis indicated that the PRO scale was relatively reliable. Conclusions: Scientific assessment proved that the proposed scale exhibited good reliability and validity. This scale was readily accepted and could be used to assess the curative effects of medical therapy. However, given the limited scope of this investigation, the capacity for adapting this scale to incorporate other theories could not be determined.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2006

Cerebral palsy(CP) is one of the most common motor disease, due to brain injury during fetal and neonatal development which results in neuromotor paralysis and associated neuromuscular symptoms. Features of CP include motor disability due to the lack of muscle control, often accompanied by sensory disorders, mental retardation, speech disorders, hearing loss, epilepsy, behavior disorders, etc. There are increasing chances of treatment of dental patients with cerebral palsy, as the occurrence of CP is increasing with the decrease in infant mortality and an increase in immature birth and premature birth and also, there is a trend to pursue of higher quality of life. Reports on the relationship between CP and maxillofacial deformity are uncommon, but it is well known that the unbalance and discontrol of the facial muscles, lip, tongue and the jaws leads to malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disorders, and statistics show that class 2 relationship of the jaws and open bite is frequently reported. However, it is difficult to perform maxillofacial deformity treatment, which consists of orthodontic treatment, maxillofacial surgery and muscle adaptation training, due to difficulties in communication and problems of muscle adaptation caused by difficulties in motor control which leads to a high recurrence rate. This case report is to trearment of maxillofacial deformity in CP patient. A 26 year old female patient came to the department with the chief complaint of prognathism of the mandible and facial asymmetry. According to the past medical history, she was diagnosed as cerebral palsy 1 week after birth, classified as GMFC, classII accompanied with left side torticollis. The patient's intelligence was moderate, and there were no serious problems in communication. For two years time, the patient underwent lingual frenectomy, pre-operation orthodontic treatment and then bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to treat mandibular prognathism and facial asymmetry followed by rehabilitatory exercise of facial muscle. After 6 months of follow up, there was a good result. This is to report to the typical signs and symptoms of DFD in CP patient and the limitation of the usual method of the treatment of DFD in CP patient with literature review.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-161
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• 2014

The study has try to find out the relationship between airfreight service quality and satisfaction in international forwarding practice which has focused to figure out the mediating role of performance that measured as subjective evaluation on profit. For the purpose of this paper, questionnaire survey has been performed on the relationship among the procedure of the air freight service quality was found to have not only direct influence but also indirect impact through performance on satisfaction. This research made some contribution both academicals and logistic practices. Academically, it is the first research to address the relationship between air freight service quality and profit performance in Korean academic field. Practically, this study provides justification for the investment to improve forwarding service quality. The results of this study bear some implications on international shipping and practice. The quality of the air cargo transportation management system for customer satisfaction and its impact on business performance in the process to make an empirical identifies. The role and influence of the working-level analysis to derive the performance as transportation management, as well as the effectiveness of customer satisfaction for quality and promote a point. Arrange this point take advantage of air cargo companies are composed of service quality management system for the dimension of course aims to foster a competitive advantage in terms of performance. This paper suggest that real-time movement of the consignment route provides information such as verification and business cooperation for the purpose of proper features a reflecting on the stability of cargo air freight management system, that improve the quality of services on this performance to increase the customer satisfaction strategy in connected getting and so on, is in the process of the formation of customer satisfaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

This study empirically test the roles of network closure and structural hole on radical innovation in technological knowledge exchange network in Gumi cluster. In doing so, we build 2,550 firm network, transforming association*firm(2-mode) to firm*firm(1-mode) network data. In addition, in order to investigate firms' attributes, we conduct survey for 101 firms in Gumi cluster using random sampling, and finally collect 86 firm samples. For analysis, we use ridge regression since network density and efficiency, indices of network closure and structural hole respectively, has a high level of multicollinearity. The findings show that structural hole has a significant and positive impact on radical innovation, but network closure has a significant and negative impact on radical innovation. This study contributes to present an empirical evidence of debate on network closure and structural hole based on past conceptual discussions and literature review and further goes a long way towards strategy formulation to establish social capital in accomplishing radical innovation. Further research is required that pays closer attention to features of technological knowledge, innovation types and interaction between network closure and structural hole, directing efforts to structural characteristics of various networks.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.199-204
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• 2005

Background : Oral leukoplakia(OL) and lichen planus(LP) are common soft tissue lesions characterized by white plaque or striae with erosion. The clinical characteristics of these diseases are similar but the cause and clinical course of them are very different. I compared OL with LP by analysizing clinical and histopathological characteristics and follow up study. Patients and methods : The clinical analysis of 200 patients with OL and LP was performed by review of dental and medical charts. And H/E slides were examined under the light microscope. we examined H/E slides by the light microscope. The follow up study of patients was performed. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS/PC WINDOWS (version 13.0). Results : The age distribution of OL was in the range of 13-75 years old being most prevalent in the 5th decade and there was a tendency of male prevalent. The age distribution of LP was in the range of 20-79 years old being most prevalent in the 4th decade and there was a tendency of female prevalent. The most common site of involvement was the buccal mucosa in both diseases. The most common clinical features of OL and LP were white plaque type and white lesion with striae, respectively. In case of LP, the most common clinical sign was tenderness to palpation. Fifteen cases of OL and eight cases of LP showed epithelial dysplasia. Twelve cases of OL recurred after surgery of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 2 cases of LP were transformed into oral squamous carcinoma. Conclusion : There was statistically significant difference in age, sex, clinical signs of patients, frequency of epithelial dysplasia between OL and LP. The Pearson coefficient correlation efficient was 0.51(p < 0.05). The knowledge of the difference between OL and LP can help understand these diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of artificial wetland, one of biotopes developed to promote biodiversity in urban areas, and to look for improvement steps. Specifically, artificial wetland creation techniques were categorized into living environment and living creature classification. Being living conditions for creations, habitat environment was reviewed with a focus on water and soil environments. Living creatures were classified into plants, insects, fish, and birds. The evaluation of creation techniques was done in post-construction evaluation while considering the creation of habitats for living creatures. Intervention by users, changes in living environment and living species, and relevance of creation techniques were reviewed. Key results of this study are as follows. (1) Water environment for the living environment of creatures provides a suitable environment conditions for the living of creatures through a process easing the use of piped water. Various water depths and embankment appear to have a positive impact on the living of aquatic life. In particular, embankment covered in soil naturally played an important role as a place for the activities of aquatic insects and young fish as well as the growth of aquatic plants. (2) Various aquatic and ground plants to promote insect-diversity, shallow water, and old-tree logs had contributed greatly in increasing the types and number of insects. Aquatic insects. Aquatic insects were seen much particularly in areas where aquatic plants are rich but water is shallow than any other areas. (3) A space piled with stone to provide habitats for fish was not much used. However, it was observed that fish used embankment built with natural stones and embankment using logs in areas where water is deep. In addition, it was confirmed that 1,500 fish that had been released propagated using various depths and places for birth. (4) It was analyzed that techniques (creation of island, log setting, and creation of man-made bird nests) to provide habitats and to attract birds are not serving their roles. In such a case, it is believed that species had not increased due to the smallness as well as isolated features of the area. Based on theoretical review, they are judged to be areas that are likely to be used when a greater variety of birds is introduced. It is judged that attracting and keeping more birds at the site, such spaces need to be linked systematically in the future in terms of building eco-network while ensuring an adequate living areas. (5) In the study areas, users intervened greatly. As a result, a blockage was created preventing the normal growth of plants and non-indigenous plants were introduced. In order to limit the intervention by users, setting enough buffer zones, and environment education programs were urgently required. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio of the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata. construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.70
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• pp.35-65
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• 2015

This paper is consisted of the thesis that the decontextualized limitation of media cultural studeis in Korea should be overcome by walking into and linking with today's urban crisis and everyday life. It proposes us to become the flaneurs who do not hesitate to go to, think of, and experience actively the city in crisis under the capital/state domination. It's conclusion would be that we must practice participation observation at the fields and thus recover the critical element of cultural studies writing, by entering into the city and seeing at the features of crisis routinely expressed and symptomatically appear in there. For and before this, the author will first of all pay attention to John Fiske in later period, who was merely perceived and falsely regarded as an active audience theorist. He will also review de Certeau from whom Fiske has borrowed the concept of tactics, and Berman who has further practiced the very spatial tactic. The paper is prepared so as to expand the ideas and thoughts of them who have gone beyond the boundary of text, audience and onto the context of urban space. It's goal is much more than rescuing, recovering Fiske's alternative trajectory. It tries to reconstruct the tradition of urban media cultural studies critically connected with the dangerous, life-threatening capitalist condition. Furthermore, by filling up the theoretical vacuum left behind disconnected and cut away from Fiske, it attempts to find a vision, prospect of cultural studies that will actively engage themselves dialectally with dangerous yet hopeful life of the city and its popular masses.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.225-231
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and to elucidate factors affecting recurrence in surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients who were diagnosed with MRONJ were analyzed according to demographic and clinical features and treatment results through a retrospective chart review from 2013 to 2017 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul in Korea. Results: Alendronate composed the majority of medication doses (55.6%), followed by ibandronate (20.0%), risedronate (15.6%), and zoledronate (6.7%). Forty patients (88.9%) were given oral medication, and five patients (11.1%) were intravenously treated, and the mean duration of medication use was $61.1{\pm}42.9$ months. A total of 10 patients (22.2%) had a drug holiday before MRONJ-induced dental treatment lasting an average of $6.8{\pm}7.0$ months. MRONJ occurred 2.7 times more in the mandible, with 41 cases (73.2%) occurring in the mandible and 15 cases (26.8%) occurring in the maxilla, and the prevalence of affected posterior parts (premolar-molar) was six times greater than that of the anterior parts (incisor-canine) (48 cases vs 8 cases, 85.7% vs 14.3%). The most common dental cause of MRONJ was tooth extraction (69.6%). Regarding recurrence, there was no statistical difference in recurrence rate according to either site or stage. However, recurrence occurred in 4 out of 34 cases (11.8%) in the primary closure group and 9 out of 20 cases (45.0%) in the secondary healing group, and there was a statistical difference with respect to closure technique. Conclusion: The identified risk factors in patients taking bone resorption inhibitors can aid dental clinicians in ensuring prevention and proper treatment of MRONJ.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 2002

Subcutaneous pannicultis-like T cell lymphoma is a rare cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It presents with multiple subcutaneous nodules or plaques involving the extremities or trunk, and with constitutional symptoms that include fever, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, chills and weight loss. Histologically, the lesions of this disease are reminiscent of panniculitis and are composed of a mixture of small and large atypical lymphoid cells infiltrating between adipocytes. The optimal treatment for this disease is undefined and prognosis of this disease is poor, even when treated with multiagent chemotherapy regimens considered optimal for agressive lymphoma of other types. Poor prognosis factors include clinical features such as anemia, leukocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and coagulopathy, which are suggestive of hemophagocytosis. Much of the mortality of this disease is due not to disseminated lymphoma with organ failure, but rather to complications of the cytopenias associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome. We report a case of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma in a 12 year-old boy who presented with initial complaints of fever and multiple subcutaneous nodules, and briefly review the related literature.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2009

U-Services are inevitably essential for the realization of u-Cities. Most local governments in Korea have expressed much interest in introducing u-Cites and related u-Services. Since researchers anticipate that developing u-Cities will produce economic effects, the Korea government has support local governments to develop u-Cities and necessary u-Services. However, the technology issues have been dominiated in the field of U-City services and most of the U-City services do not reflects all the complicated and pluralistic sides of environment, which are caused by future uncertainties in developing u-Cites. For the purpose of addressing the above uncertainties, this paper attempts to develop the possible scenarios for U-City services through a scenario planning approach. A focus group interview and survey with professionals in the field of planning u-Cities was performed to identify these uncertainties. Then, in order to investigate the validity of the scenario planning methodology, the u-Service "u-Water purity monitoring" is adopted. After considering the relevant issues, we developed two possible scenarios: a mutual linkage service among u-Service related organization and a cooperating and coordinating service among local governments. On the basis of these scenarios, the strategies for potential U-City services are formulated. Various participants in developing U -City services are encouraged to use the scenarios as the foundation of predicting future features of u-Cities and developing the framework of the U-City service scenarios effectively.