• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.225-243
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• 2016

Thanks to recent advance of next generation sequencing techniques, RNA-seq enabled to have an unprecedented opportunity to identify transcript variants with isoform diversity and allelic imbalance (Anders et al., 2012) by different transcriptional rates. To date, it is well known that those features might be associated with the aberrant patterns of disease complexity such as tissue (Anders and Huber, 2010; Anders et al., 2012; Nariai et al., 2014) specific differential expression at isoform levels or tissue specific allelic imbalance in mal-functionality of disease processes, etc. Nevertheless, the knowledge of post-transcriptional modification and AI in transcriptomic and genomic areas has been little known in the traditional platforms due to the limitation of technology and insufficient resolution. We here stress the potential of isoform variability and allelic specific expression that are relevant to the abnormality of disease mechanisms in transcriptional genetic regulatory networks. In addition, we systematically review how robust Bayesian approaches in RNA-seq have been developed and utilized in this regard in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.349-365
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• 2017

Graphene has attracted a lot of attentions due to the unique electrical and optical properties. Compared with the noble metal plasmons in the visible and near-infrared frequencies, graphene can support surface plasmons in the lower frequencies of terahertz and mid-infrared and it demonstrates an extremely large confinement at the surface because of the particular electronic band structures. Especially, the surface conductivity of graphene can be tuned by either chemical doping or electrostatic gating. These features make graphene a promising candidate for plasmonics, biosensing and transformation optics. Furthermore, the combination of graphene and metasurfaces presents a powerful tunability for exotic electromagnetic properties, where the metasurfaces with the highly-localized fields offer a platform to enhance the interaction between the incident light and graphene and facilitate a deep modulation. In this paper, we provide an overview of the key properties of graphene, such as the surface conductivity, the propagating surface plasmon polaritons, and the localized surface plasmons, and the hybrid graphene/metasurfaces, either metallic and dielectric metasurfaces, from terahertz to near-infrared frequencies. Finally, there is a discussion for the current challenges and future goals.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.641-644
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• 2001

Pulmonary blastoma is a family of tumors in which the glands or mesenchyme composing the neoplasm are primitive or embryonic in appearance. There are three subtypes, which include well differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (pulmonary endodermal tumor), biphasic pulmonary blastoma, and cystic and pleuropulmonary blastomas in children. Among them, biphasic pulmonary blastoma is a primary malignancy of the lung originating from multipotential pulmonary blastema including both the malignant fetal epithelial and mesenchymal components. These make up 0.25 to 0.5 percent of all primary malignant lung tumors. This tumor is usually symptomatic and appears as a large, solitary peripheral mass, with a tendency to favor the upper lobe. Here we report a case where a small sized asymptomatic peripheral lung mass was diagnosed as a biphasic pulmonary blastoma, prior to the operation, A subsequent percutaneous needle biopsy was performed, which revealed features of a large cell neuroendocrine tumor. In addition, a review of the relevant literature is provided.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.23-32
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• 2007

This study was to find out contemporary planning characteristics of rural houses in Na-po Munhwa village by analyzing their floor plans. These results were then compared with apartment housing trends. 240 houses were built in that village, but it was only possible to collect housing data, floor plans and general building records from 102 houses, using house registers. By analyzing those data, the findings were as follows: 1) Floor plan shapes of rural houses showed a tendency to words a 'ㅋ' shape, a 3bay or a transformed 3 bay and a "room-living-room" space arrangement of a centered living room. Public spaces (L.D.K) were separately planned DK from livingroom. Living space was very open and the DK space had created visual privacy from the entrance. The Anbang (master bedroom) and living space were set to the front of the floor plan and an interior toilet was planned in them. These floor-planning tendencies were similar to trend apartment houses in urban areas. 2) Utility and Balcony spaces as a support space of kitchen were not popular features of rural houses in the Munhwa village. These results were different from urban apartment housing trends. 5) Storage space practically absent in those rural houses, and this was similar to urban the trends in urban apartment houses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1998

A new technique for shaping the line current and reducing the total hannonic distortion in a threephase rectifier is introduced. A review of the problems inherent in a three-phase diode rectifier feeding capacitive load and the possible solutions are first presented. The proposed 3 bidirectional switches and their operation are presented. The main features of this paper are low cost, high efficiency and simplicity. A simulation and experiment results show its good action.action.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 1994

The majority of database users interact with database systems by manipulating forms. This paper discusses the fundamentals underlying forms and considers low these mechanisms affect the behavior of forms We then review the forms supported by commercial products. None of the packages reviewed provide all of the features that make up an ideal form. We propose a new design that overcomes many of the limitations observed in the packages currently available. The new system is event- driven, object-oriented, supports a hierachy of composite blocks, and is primarily modeless. Forms are defined as top-level blocks and blocks can be either atomic or composite structures with methods directly included in their definition. Messages are passed among form objects. Defining forms with the proposed system is simple because from definitions are similar to type declarations in Pascal.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2003

From an sustainable perspective, one unique characteristic of Open Housing is its ability to individualize variable elements (infill) from the permanent elements (support) in accordance with the residents' needs. Such environment-friendly elements of Open Housing can contribute to increasing the life span of the building, reducing the scope of reconstruction, and minimizing the amount of disposed building materials during demolition. The purpose of this research is to analyze the flexibility concept from a typological perspective, so that the concept of open housing can be better understood and its development can be promoted. The main method of this study was content analysis. Based on literature review of flexibility concept in a typological approach, a primary categories were established to describe the flexibility concept such as time for flexibility, scope, and the degree of openness. Subsequently each criterion was elaborated as follows: planning, supply, and utility in the time stage; internal and external flexibility in its scope; and fixed, semi-free, and free flexibility in its openness degree. This research exposes the lack of comprehensive knowledge of Open Housing caused by rather uniform features of previous studies. This research establishes and promotes a systematic approach for a more holistic meaning of Open Housing. This approach should contribute to the proper utilization and further development of sustainable housing.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2012

Tianjin Goldin Finance 117 tower has an architectural height of 597 m, total of 117 stories, and the coronation of having the highest structural roof of all the buildings under construction in China. Structural height-width ratio is approximately 9.5, exceeding the existing regulation code significantly. In order to satisfy earthquake and wind-resisting requirements, a structure consisting of a perimeter frame composed of mega composite columns, mega braces and transfer trusses and reinforced concrete core containing composite steel plate wall is adopted. Complemented by some of the new requirements from the latest Chinese building seismic design codes, design of the super high-rise building in high-intensity seismic area exhibits a number of new features and solutions to professional requirements in response spectrum selection, overall stiffness control, material and component type selection, seismic performance based design, mega-column design, anti-collapse and stability analysis as well as elastic-plastic time-history analysis. Furthermore, under the prerequisite of economic viability and a series of technical requirements prescribed by the expert review panel for high-rise buildings exceeding code limits, the design manages to overcome various structural challenges and realizes the intentions of the architect and the client.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 2010

Cell proliferation is governed by precise and orderly process the regulation of which involves many different proteins. The key enzyme for cell growth and arrest is cyclin dependent kinases (cdks). In human cells, several cdks orchestrate four distinct cell cycle phases (M, $G_1$, S and $G_2$ ) and they sequentially operate in an order of cdc1, cdk4, cdk6 and cdk2. The regulatory components of cdks consist of cyclins and two family of cdk inhibitors, INK4 (inhibitors of cdk4) and KIP (kinase inhibitor protein). $G_1$ regulatory molecules for cdk mainly respond to environmental cues of mitogenic and anti-mitogenic stimuli and therefore influence activities of $G_1$ cdks, namely, cdk4/6 and cdk2. $G_1$ inhibitors include $p21^{CIP}$ and $p27^{KIP1}$. Between them, $p27^{KIP1}$ has attracted attentions of many researchers because of its characteristic regulatory features and diverse functions. Besides, the role of $p27^{KIP1}$ in cancer development warrants further studies in the future. Therefore, this review will focus on the recent findings and especially on the complexity of regulatory mechanisms of $p27^{KIP1}$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.718-727
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• 2019

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B+NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.