• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2016

Breast cancer risk assessment has developed during years and evaluation of genetic factor affecting risk of breast cancer is an important component of this risk assessment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the role of XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) in risk of breast cancer among different population and categories of menopausal status.PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and PubMed Central were systematically searched to identify studies evaluating association between breast cancer and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln). Two authors independently extracted required information. Odds Ratios were pooled for four genetic inheritance models using both fixed and the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models. Egger's test and contour-enhanced funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias and small study effect. Additional subgroup analysis was performed for menopausal status, ethnicity, and source of controls. After evaluation and applying inclusion criteria on extracted studies, fifty three studies were included in this meta-analysis. For polymorphisms of Arg194Trp and Arg280His, no significant association was observed in all genetic models. Arg194Trp had a protective effect in post-menopausal status only in homozygote model (OR=0.57 [0.37-0.88]). Arg399Gln showed significant association with breast cancer in homozygote (OR=1.21 [1.10-1.34]), dominant (OR=1.09 [1.03-1.15]) and recessive (OR=1.21 [1.09- 1.35]) genetic models. Arg399Gln was associated with higher risk in post-menopausal status for homozygote and heterozygote models. Our findings suggest that XRCC1 gene polymorphisms modify breast cancer risk in different populations and different categories of menopausal status.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

Recommender systems help users find their interesting items more easily or provide users with meaningful items based on their preferences. Collaborative filtering(CF) recommender systems, the most successful recommender system, use opinions of users to recommend for an active user who needs recommendation. That is, ratings which users have voted on items to indicate preference on them are the source for making recommendation. Although CF systems are designed only to use users' preferences as the source of recommendation, use of some available information is believed to increase both the performance and the accuracy of CF systems. In this paper, we propose a CF recommender system which utilizes both degree of match and demographic information(e.g., occupation, gender, age) to increase the performance and the accuracy. Since more and more information is accumulated in CF systems, it is important to reduce the data volume while maintaining the same or the higher level of accuracy. We used both degree of match and demographic information as criteria for reducing the data volume, thereby naturally enhancing the performance. It is shown that using degree of match improves the prediction accuracy too in CF systems and also that using some demographic information also results in better accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.426-426
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• 1999

;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.345-353
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• 2020

On conventional railway lines, trains with different speeds are operated. Therefore, trains moving on curved sections with cants must accept various ranges of balanced cants, cant deficiency, and cant excess, which is essential for the comfort and safety of train operation. In this study, the correlation between the curve radius, cant, and train speed on a track was analyzed to check the cant range that satisfies the criteria of train types, operation speed, cant deficiency, and cant excess. Also, the range of setting the cant by the curve radius and balanced cant were calculated by a regression analysis of train speed according to the frequency of operation in the case of mixed trains. The results could make it possible to improve the speed of the operation route, reduce the loss of ride quality, reduce the risk of derailing caused by cant deficiency, and minimize the load deflection by excess cant. This will ensure the safety of trains running on curves and improve the efficiency of track maintenance.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.255-276
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• 2014

The dispute between China and Japan regarding $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$ is believed to be quite similar to the controversy surrounding Dokdo in terms of historical and post-war processes except for the point that the phenomena of occupation is different with regard to Dokdo. China's claim to $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$ is based on historical title and continuous use while the basis of Japan's claim is summarized as preoccupancy of ownerless land. Even though Japan acknowledges that China discovered $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$, Japan claims that the act to establish sovereignty over the island from the standpoint of International Law was not taken by China. However, at that time, effective occupation was not an essential prerequisite for the acquisition of a territory. That is to say, from a legal perspective, the legal right for an area could be established based on the discovery of the land, and so it is thought that Japan is applying the current criteria of International Law in a manner that is inappropriate. When we review the post-war process, the San Francisco Peace Treaty does not directly mention $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$. But based on the said treaty, we can note that Japan gave up all rights for the southern area that is north of the boundary line that equates to latitude $29^{\circ}$ and that includes the Ryuku Islands and $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$. Of course, the provisions for the territory in the San Francisco Peace Treaty and its disposal are not the final factor for the judgment regarding dominium of $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$. However, it seems clear that Japan's attitude and interpretation regarding the issues of $Di\grave{a}oy\acute{u}t\acute{a}i$, the Kuril Islands and Dokdo is problematic.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.105-119
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• 2001

Currently serious conflicts arose for the use of coastal area in Korea. However, there is no mediation program or mediators' activities for conflict resolution which are shown in the developed countries. Even though, the MOMAF(Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries) was established in 1997 and the Division of Coastal Zone Management under the Ministry took over the authority to establish ICM program and formulated the CZMA(Coastal Zone Management Act) in 1998 after understanding the seriousness of coastal degradation due to the importance of coastal zone management and the understanding of dispute resolution, it still lacks consistency among legislative power on the continuous policy for wise coastal use and management which results coastal conflicts. The objective of this study is to lay the evaluation criteria for the formalized objective evaluation among disputants of coastal conflicts for the better understanding and characterizing of coastal conflicts in Korea. In order to do so, this study has adopted the PCA(Principal Component Analysis) for the subtraction of the components of evaluation mechanism to describe the present conditions of conflicts in the selected study area(Sihwa lake), to analyze the problems, and then to explore alternative approaches for resolving the conflicts. As research methodologies, we have depended upon literature review and field survey methods. As field survey methods, we employed structured questionnaires for the various samples from the experts of research institutes, professors, representatives of NGOs and citizens. Survey results suggested that 5 representative elements comprising 35 detailed elements could be identified. Based on these results, this study was able to identify and classify the evaluation mechanism and help to resolve coastal conflicts in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.867-876
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• 2013

To promote the carbon emission trading scheme and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission as following 'Korean GHG & Energy Target Management System', GHG emissions should be accurately determined in each industrial sector. For the estimation method of GHG emission from waste landfill, there are several error parameters, therefore we reviewed the estimation method and proposed a revised method. Methane generation from landfill must be calculated by the selected method based on methane recovery rate, 0.75. However, this methodology is not considered about uncertainty factor. So it is desirable that $CH_4$ generation is estimated using first order decay model and methane recovery should use field monitoring data. If not, $CH_4$ recovery could be applied from other study results; 0.60 of operational landfill with gas vent and flaring system, 0.65 of operational site with landfill gas recovery system, 0.90 of closed landfill with final cover. Other parameters such as degradable organic carbon (DOC) and fraction of DOC decompose ($DOC_f$) need to derive the default value from studies to reflect a Korean waste status. Proper application of MCF that is selected by operation and management of landfill requires more precise criteria.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2011

Due to its role in maintaining the health of scientific societies, research ethics (or integrity) is notably receiving attention by academia, governments and even individuals who are not engaged in scientific researches. In this paper, I will introduce some valuable papers dealt with plagiarism as a representative research misconduct. In general, researcher's results that will soon be published must meet the crucial scientific criteria: originality, accuracy, reproducibility, precision and research ethics. The definition of plagiarism is "appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit." Compared to fabrication and falcification, plagiarism is often considered as a minor misconduct. With intentionality, however, plagiarism can be corresponding to 'theft of intellectual product'. The context of plagiarism is not restricted to the stage of publication. It can be extended to prior stages of proposing (i.e. preparing the research proposal) and performing (executing the research), and reviewing (writing the review papers). Duplicate publication is regarded as a self-plagiarism in broad interpretation of plagiarism. To avoid dangers of plagiarism, earnest efforts from all members of scientific community are needed. First of all, researchers should keep 'transparency' and 'integrity' in their scientific works. Editorial board members and reviewers should keep fairness and well-deserved qualification. Government and research foundations must be willing to provide sufficient financial and policy support to the scientific societies; Up-graded editorial services, making good use of plagiarism detection tools, and thorough instruction on how to write a honest scientific paper will contribute to building up a healthy basis for scientific communities.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-145
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• 1998

Unlike water or air quality standards that have been established by legislation using potential human health impact as the primary criterion, soil quality depends on the soils primary function and its relevant environmental factors, which is much more site- and soil specific. A properly characterized soil quality assessment system should serve as an indicator of the soil capacity to produce safe and nutritious food, to enhance human and animal health, and to overcome degrative processes. For our proposed example, a high quality soil with regard to maintaining an adequate soil productivity as a food production resources must accommodate soil and water properties, food chain, sustainability and utilization, environment, and profitability, that (i) facilitate water transfer and absorption, (ii) sustain plant growth, (iii) resist physical degradation of soil, (iv) produce a safe food resources, (v) cost-effective agricultural management. Possible soil quality indicators are identified at several levels within the framework for each of these functions. Each indicator is assigned a priority or weight that reflects its relative importance using a multi-objective approach based on principles of systems to be considered. To do this, individual scoring system is differentiated by the several levels from low to very high category or point scoring ranging from 0 to 10, And then weights are multiplied and products are summed to provide an overall soil quality rating based on several physical and chemical indicators. Tlne framework and procedure in developing the soil quality assessment are determined by using information collected from an alternative and conventional farm practices in the regions. The use of an expanded framework for assessing effects of other processes, management practices, or policy issues on soil quality is also considered. To develop one possible form for a soil quality index, we should permit coupling the soil characteristics with assessment system based on soil properties and incoming and resident chemicals. The purpose of this paper is to discuss approaches to defining and assessing soil quality and to suggest the factors to be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-52
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• 2014

The employment prospects of graduates in the Library and Information academic has largely concentrated in the field of librarianship as well as the curriculum of the academic itself. Since there are limitations in increasing the number of libraries and the available posts in the librarianship, the full-time jobs in the field are also limited. Even for the available posts in the field of librarianship, the majority is in contract based posts which does not guarantee a good working environment. The purpose of this research is to make policy implications to improve the employment rates of librarians. The main research methods include literature review of the previous studies and available statistical data, and a questionnaire targeting students and librarians. The targeting policy implications can be categorized into 4 factors, including, as supply side, improvements in the qualification of librarian certificate, in training for librarians, and as demand side, laws on library employment, and improvement of library services for co-operatives. There are 15 detailed strategies to support the 4 factors. For the improvement of strategies in library related laws, the following elements will be considered; supporting system for temporary jobs, the title of librarian post and the library itself, and librarian placement criteria in terms of its realization and mandatory, and obligations in library evaluation. The Council discussions propose the expansion of librarian award system, provision of information systems for librarian jobs, and developments in promotional materials and their deployment for librarians.