• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes between arthroscopir repair and mini-open repair of medium and large rotator cuff tears in which arthroscopic repair was technically unsuccessful. We evaluated 76 patients of full-thickness rotator cuff tears, among them 42 patients had all-arthroscopic and 34 patients had mini-open salvage repairs. Patients who had acromioclavicular arthritis, subscapularis tear, or instability were excluded. There were 39 males and 37 females with mean age of 56 years (range,42 to 75 years). At a mean follow-up of 39 months (range, 24 to 64 months), the results of both groups were compared with regard to the UCLA and ASES shoulder rating scale s. Shoulder scores improved in all ratings in both groups (p > 0.05). Overall, sixty-six patients showed excellent or gr)of and ten patients showed fair or poor scores by the UCLA scale. Seventy-two patients satisfactorily returned to prior activity. Four showed unsatisfactory return. The range of motion, strength, and patient's satisfaction were improved postoperatively. There were no difference in shoulder scores, pain, and activity return between the arthroscopic and mini-open salvage groups (p > 0.05). However, Patients with larger size tear showed lower shoulder scores and less predictive recovery of the strength and function (p < 0.05). Postoperative pain was not different with respect to the size of the tear (p : 0.251). Arthroscopic repair of medium and large full-thickness rotator cuff tears had iln equal outcome to technically unsuccessful arthroscopic repairs, which were salvaged by conversion to a mini- open repair technique. Surgical outcome depended on the size of the tear, rather than the method of repair.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.119-146
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• 2005

본 연구는 극한치 이론을 적용하여 국내 주식시장에 대한 VAR값을 구하고 이의 유용성을 살펴보았다. 극한치모형으로는 블록최대값모형과 POT 모형을 이용하였고 백테스트를 통하여 이들 모형의 적정성을 알아보았다. 극한치모형 중 블록최대값 모형은 신뢰수준의 변화에 따라 VAR 추정치의 변동이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 블록의 크기를 어떻게 선택하는가에 따라 모수의 추정치가 크게 달라져 VAR값의 안정성이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 국내 주식시장에 대해 VAR 측정시 블록최대값 모형을 사용하는 것은 적절치 않음을 시사하는 것이다. 반면 POT모형은 임계치의 선택에 따라서 VAR 값이 달라지기는 하나 상대적으로 안정적인 모습을 보이며, 또한 백테스트 결과 97.5% 이상의 신뢰수준에서 VAR값이 델타 VAR에 비하여 우수한 성과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 POT모형은 신뢰수준이 높아질수록 그 우월성이 높은 것으로 나타나, 주로 99% 이상의 높은 신뢰수준의 VAR값을 이용하는 경우에 위험의 관리수단으로 유용한 모형임을 시사하고 있다. 또한 극한치모형은 수익률의 왼쪽 꼬리와 오른쪽 꼬리를 분리하여 추정하고 이를 VAR의 계산에 이용하기 때문에, 수익률분포가 비대칭적 특징을 보이는 우리나라 주식시장의 VAR 측정시 적절한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-64
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• 2007

본 논문은 선행연구에서 유의성 있는 지표로 판명된 투하자본수익률(ROIC)과 총자산영업이익률을 기준변수로 하여 2005년 12월 말 현재 최종표본기업 250개의 우량벤처기업과 비우량벤처기업의 정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정준판별함수는 2가지 기준 모두 판별함수의 판별력이 양호하였으며, 집단간 판별 점수의 차이가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 변수들 간의 상대적인 중요도를 나타내는 표준화된 정준판별함수계수의 설명력이 높고, 판별함수에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수가 총자산영업이익률임을 보였다. 둘째, 판별분석을 통해 도출된 선형판별식에 의한 우량벤처기업과 비우량벤처기업의 판별결과도 2가지 기준 모두 비우량벤처기업을 우량벤처기업으로 판별하는 오분류율이 각각 4%, 2.4%로 나타나 표본에 대한 분류정확도는 각각 98.0%, 98.8%로 밝혀졌다. 또한 상호교차법에 의한 오분류율도 각각 4.8%, 3.2%로 나타나 97.6%, 98.4% 정확도를 나타내고 있어 도출된 판별함수가 우수한 판별력이 있음을 실증하였다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제26집
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• pp.77-110
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• 2016

The purpose of this article is to study on the Correlative linkage between the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess and the Non action Tao. The split time between birth-growth and contraction-recess is the conflict between the Prior Time and Posterior Time as the Great Renewal. The cycle of this Chaotic Renewals is the cycle of a cosmic circulation as 129,600 years. In relation to the correlative linkage of function, Jeong-san Sangje governs all the beings of the universe by means of the cosmic principle birth-growth and contraction-recess. Also Jeong-san Sangje, using the Non action Tao governing all the beings of the universe and let them exist as the original selves. Thus, the two necessities are mutual interdependent and mutual complementary. In relation to the correlative linkage of substance, Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life which forms of all the existences. That is personal God of Jeong-san Sangje that is a part of the cosmic life. So that Jeong-san Sangje is included in the cosmic life, the basis of all the cosmic affairs. He is also subordinate to the cosmic principle but he simultaneously governs it. Jeong-san Sangje is trans-versal mediator between the cosmic principle and the cosmic life of Non action Tao, since it is the origin of his mind. To understand the nature of Jeong-san Sangje who becomes one with the cosmic life, the old causal way of thinking which inquires the timely order and seeks for causes and effects should be abandoned. The new way of thinking is thus different from the old one. The core of cosmic life is abstracted as the essence-energy and god-blood. This structure is similar to the cosmic principle of birth-growth and contraction-recess. The death is a kind of event caused by the depletion of the essence, and all beings could altered into the god. It also would be returned to the natural birth place of the cosmos, as it were, that can be called the 'Return to the Origin'. As the cosmos goes to the new epoch, humans have been living together with the cosmic principle. Now we can expect the Posterior Time to open to humans as cosmic life of Non action Tao.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

북태평양 생태계의 연어(Oncorhynchus keta) 개체군과 기후 변동과의 관계에 대하여 연구하였다. 1950년 이후의 알류산 저기압, 남방진동, 북극진동, 태평양순년진동에 대한 지수들을 상호상관법(CCF)과 누적합(CuSum) 방법을 이용하여 연어어획량과 비교하였다. CCF와 CuSum 분석 결과는 1970년대 중반에 큰 기후변화가 발생하였음을 보여 주고 있으며 연어 개체군은 시간 지연 효과를 보이며 기후변화에 반응하였다. 연어회귀량은 태평양순년진동과 3년, 북극진동과는 $6{\sim}7$년의 시간 간격을 가지며 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 연어 치어에 유리한 해양환경은 연안역에서 치어의 성장을 향상시켰지만, 초기 발생시기의 높은 성장률이 산란어의 회귀율과 관련이 있는 것 같지는 않았다. 오히려 오호츠크해와 베링해에서의 미성어 시기 성장이 회귀율과 상관관계가 유의하게 나타났으며, 이는 연어 개체군에 '크기연관사망' 과정이 적용된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 향후 우리나라 주변 해양생태계에 대한 기후변동의 영향을 설명하기 위하여 한반도 지역의 기후지수 개발이 시급히 필요하다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2003

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluated results of arthroscopic treatment of the traumatic recurrent unidirectional posterior subluxation. Materials and Methods: We treated twenty-seven patients who had traumatic recurrent unidirectional posterior subluxation of the shoulder by arthroscopic labral repair and posterior capsular shift and prospectively evaluated for a mean of thirty-nine months (range,24 to 85 months). Patients who had posteroinferior instability, multidirectional instability, atraumatic onset, or revision cases were excluded. There were twenty-five male and two female patients with the mean age of twenty-one years (range, 14 to 33 years). All patients were involved in sports activity. All had a significant traumatic event prior to the onset of the instability. Stability, motion, three objective measurement (UCLA, ASES, and Rowe scores) and two subjective measurements (pain and function visual analogue scale) were evaluated. Results: The most common finding in magnetic resonance image-arthrogram was separation of the posteroinferior labrum without displacement in 9 patients, In arthroscopic examination, all patients had one or more lesions in the posterior inferior labrum and capsule. The most common finding was incomplete stripping of the posterior inferior labrum (18 patients). The posteroinferior capsule subjectively appeared to be stretched in twenty-two patients. At follow-up, all patients had improved shoulder function and scores(p < 0.01). All patients had stable shoulder by subjectivel and objectivel measurements, except one patient who had recurrent subluxation. All but one patient with postoperative recurrence were able to return to their prior sports activity with little or no limitation. Twenty-four patients were graded as having more than 90％ of shoulder function. Their were twenty-one excellent, five good, and one fair UCLA. scores. Pain sore improved from 4.5 to 0.2 point(p : 0.0001). Mean loss internal rotation was one vertebral level. None had operative complications. Conclusion: In conclusion, treatment outcomes of the traumatic unidirectional recurrent posterior subluxation are consistently reliable with respect to the stability, pain relief, and functional restoration by the arthroscopic posterior capsular shift procedure.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.238-238
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• 2015

There are demands for water environmental analysis of discharge processes in paddy fields, however, it is not fully understood in nutrients discharge process for watershed modeling. As hydrological processes both surface and ground water and agricultural water managements are so complex in paddy fields, the development of lowland paddy fields watershed model is more difficult than upland watershed model. In this research, the improvement of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for a paddy watershed was conducted. First, modification of surface inundated process was developed in improved pot hole option. Those modification was evaluated by monitoring data. Second, the monitoring data in river and drainage channel in lowland paddy fields from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed to understand discharge characteristics. As a case study, Imbanuma basin, Japan, was chosen as typical land and water use in Asian countries. In this basin, lowland paddy fields are irrigated from river water using small pumps that were located in distribution within the watershed. Daily hydrological fluctuation was too complex to estimate. Then, to understand surface and ground water discharge characteristics in irrigation (Apr-Aug) and non-irrigation (Sep-Mar) period, the water and material balance analysis was conducted. The analysis was composed two parts, watershed and river channel blocks. As results of model simulation, output was satisfactory in NSE, but uncertainty was large. It would be coming from discharge process in return water. The river water and ground water in paddy fields were exchanged each other in 5.7% and 10.8% to river discharge in irrigation and non-irrigation periods, respectively. Through this exchange, nutrient loads were exchanged between river and paddy fields components. It suggested that discharge from paddy fields was not only responded to rainfall but dynamically related with river water table. In general, hydrological models is assumed that a discharge process is one way from watershed to river. However, in lowland paddy fields, discharge process is dynamically changed. This function of paddy fields showed that flood was mitigated and temporally held as storage in ground water. Then, it showed that water quality was changed in mitigated function in the water exchange process in lowland paddy fields. In future, it was expected that hydrological models for lowland paddy fields would be developed with this mitigation function.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제24호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 민간경호원의 규칙적인 척추안정화 운동프로그램 적용 유 무에 따른 근기능 및 보행능력의 변화를 분석하는 것으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 근기능의 변화에 있어서 최대 요부신전근력 및 요부굴곡근력의 경우 운동그룹에서는 처치 전 후 요부신전근력과 요부굴곡근력 모두 증가되었고 비운동그룹에서도 처치 전 후 요부신전근력과 요부굴곡근력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 처치전에는 두그룹간 차이가 없었으나, 처치후에는 운동그룹과 비운동그룹이 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 근기능의 변화에 있어서 요부 굴곡 신전근 비율의 경우 운동그룹과 비운동그룹 모두 처치 전에는 요부 신전근의 기능적 소실을 나타냈으나, 처치 후 운동그룹은 정상적으로 회복되었고, 비운동그룹은 요부 신전근의 기능적 소실을 나타내었으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 근기능의 변화에 있어서 요부안정화근력의 변화에 있어서 총 8가지 방향으로 요부안정화근력을 분석하였으며, 운동그룹에서는 각도별로 요부 안정화근력이 증가하였고 비운동그룹에서는 각도별로 요부안정화근력이 감소하거나 변화가 없었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 보행능력의 변화에 있어서 10m 보행검사를 이용하여 최대 보행시 속도와 보폭에 대하여 분석하였으며, 척추안정화 운동프로그램 적용 유 무에 따른 운동그룹에서 비운동그룹 보다 보행능력을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 민간경호원에게 규칙적인 척추안정화 운동프로그램 적용은 요부신전근력, 요부 굴곡근력, 요부 굴곡 및 신전근 비율, 요부안정화근력, 보행능력 등에서 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 척추안정화 운동프로그램이 민간경호원들의 요통의 완화 및 근력향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 환자들의 빠른 회복으로 보다 빠르게 사회로의 복귀를 도와줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 경호원들을 대상으로 예방적인 또는 기능을 향상시키기 위한 운동처방 프로그램으로 활용가능하다고 생각한다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

Data mining is the process of searching and analyzing large quantities of data for finding out meaningful patterns and rules. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the tools of data mining which is becoming very popular in forecasting the future values. Some of the areas where it is used are banking, medicine, retailing and fraud detection. In finance, artificial neural network is used in various disciplines including stock market forecasting. In the stock market time series, due to high volatility, it is very important to choose a model which reads volatility and forecasts the future values considering volatility as one of the major attributes for forecasting. In this paper, an attempt is made to develop two models - one using feed forward back propagation Artificial Neural Network and the other using Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) technique for forecasting stock market returns. Various parameters which are considered for the design of optimal ANN model development are input and output data normalization, transfer function and neuron/s at input, hidden and output layers, number of hidden layers, values with respect to momentum, learning rate and error tolerance. Simulations have been done using prices of daily close of Sensex. Stock market returns are chosen as input data and output is the forecasted return. Simulations of the Model have been done using MATLAB$^{(R)}$ 6.1.0.450 and EViews 4.1. Convergence and performance of models have been evaluated on the basis of the simulation results. Performance evaluation is done on the basis of the errors calculated between the actual and predicted values.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effects of an early exercise program after mastectomy and to provide the early exercise program protocol for patients who had undergone mastectomy. The subjects were seventy women who were diagnosed with breast cancer. They were randomly as signed either to a experimental group (n=35) that received early postoperative exercise program or to a control group (n=35) that received only education by nurses. Data were obtained for each patient from goniometric measurements of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation, 10 elements of functional performance, and subjective pain evaluation using visual analogue scale (VAS). All variables were measured preoperatively, three days postoperatively, and one month postoperatively. Data were compared by groups using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test for parametric or non-parametric data, respectively. There were no significant differences between the groups for all variables preoperatively and at three days postoperatively. But there were significant differences at one month postoperatively. The experimental group showed a statistically significant increases in shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation and in the pain VAS at one month postoperatively (p<.05). Also, at one month postoperatively, the experimental group had less difficulty with three elements of functional performance-doing up a 'back' zippered article of clothing, reaching the ipsilateral scapula, and contralateral scapula with the fingers on the operated side-than the control group (p<.05). The results of this study suggest that, after mastectomy, the early exercise program conducted by a well-trained physical therapist can make a significant contribution to the return of more normal shoulder function and activities of daily living and to an increased quality of life.