• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to systematically review the background of the Korean distribution promotion policy and distribution adjustment policies along with related regulations and policies. Research design, data, and methodology - Domestic distribution policy and relevant laws were examined through a review of existing research literature. The results of the development process of the domestic distribution policy, promotion policies, and adjustment policies are summarized below. Results - The results are summarized as follows. First, the purpose of the development of the domestic distribution promotion policy was to strengthen the competitiveness of the small and medium business industry through structural advancement of the small and medium industry. By expanding the managerial base for the small and medium industry, a new balance could be created in the national economy. There was a requirement for an early assistance policy for small and medium businesses as a base of these businesses in the distribution industry developed from their original model of catering to a traditional market of retail shops. Since 1996, there was a need for this early assistance policy due to the expansion and rapid growth of large scale stores causing a change in the consumption pattern for distribution markets and the decline of large enterprises. Second, the government supports small and medium business distribution through distribution promotion policies by supporting an organization promoting small business and supporting innovation in the distribution system. Third, in 1961 a business mediation system was established to protect small and medium industries. The Small and Medium Business Administration advises conglomerates to postpone acquisitions, restrain expansion of the business, or to reduce business scale if small businesses undergo an adverse effect such as decreasing demand because large companies are expanding into their areas. Fourth, the Distribution Adjustment Policy managed large-scale store regulation as follows: ① limitation on construction by urban planning ordinance, ② limitation on location based on traffic impact assessments, ③ regulation based on business guidelines by chiefs of autonomous bodies, ④ regulation on mandatory holidays and limitation of business hours. This large-scale store regulation is a policy introduced by authority to increase competitiveness of small and medium business distribution by the government. Conclusions - As discussed in this study, the distribution promotion policy and distribution adjustment policy are government distribution policies focused on the protection of the small and medium distribution businesses. This study is timely, since it was planned when the strengthening of the revisions of the Distribution Industry Development Act, aimed to protect small and medium retailers and merchants, was under discussion. The significance of this study is that it offers insights for the development of new policies in the future and an opportunity to consider the background of the distribution policy by the government.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.245-270
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• 2011

본 논문은 SSM 등 대규모 소매점 진출규제로 인한 WTO GATS 위배 여부 쟁점에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 WTO에의 제소로 인한 통상마찰 가능성에 대비한 소상공인의 조직화 문제에 대해 연구하였다. 소상공인의 조직화 결정요인에 대한 실증분석결과에 따르면, 인력부족이나 원재료비의 부담이 클수록 소상공인 조직화에 부(-)의 효과를 미치는 바, 조직화가 인력난 해소나 원재료비 감소효과를 주지 못하고 있음을 사사한다. 또한 매출부진 및 대형업체로의 고객이탈로 인한 고객 감소는 조직화에 정(+)의 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타나, 매출부진이나 고객감소가 소상공인들의 조직 가입에 유인요인으로 작용하고 있음을 시사한다. 한편 업종별로는 음식업의 경우 인근 대형업체로의 고객 이탈이 조직에 가입하도록 하는 중요한 요인이나, 인력부족 및 구인난 그러고 원재료비 부담은 조직 가입을 기피하게 하는 요인으로 분석되었다. 소매업의 경우에는 영업 및 매출부진이 조직 가입을 촉진하는 요소로 작용하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과는, 향후 불필요한 통상마찰을 피해하면서 소상공인 조직화를 촉진할 수 있는 정책 수립에 있어 업종별로 차별화된 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

The retail business of drugstore was introduced to Korea for the first time 10 years ago. Since Olive Young introduced a retail store in the name of drugstore in 1999 for the first time in Korea, new distribution channel combining drugstore, cosmetic products and dairy products, etc has been made. At initial stage, the new distribution channel grew up slowly because of low specialty and economic stagnation. However, the three big distribution channels, that is to say, Olive Young (CJ), Watsons (GS) and W Store (Kolon Well Care), etc, were established to produce new distribution system following large-scaled discount stores as well as convenience stores. The purpose of the study is to investigate ways making Korean style drugstore be new retail business in addition to traditional markets, department stores, E-Mart and other general super markets and to examine problems preventing the drugstore from being promoted and to find out solutions. The speciality retailers that is called a category killer attacking department stores as well as marts is expanding market quickly. New consumption trend that gives priority to wellbeing is being expanded in accordance with high level of standards of living life: The drugstore is thought to be new alternative of distribution because it keeps special products. Young ladies who are main customers of drugstores respond to the trend sensitively to have more buying power that is thought to be promising. And, consumers' desire has become concrete and special. This is because consumers want not only convenient shopping but also special shopping system that is current trend. These days, so called Multi-shop and Total shop and other special shops have been recently opened. Special multi-shop has been concentrated on fashion product and miscellaneous goods so far: Health total wellbeing shop shall be popular in accordance with wellbeing trends. Drugstores can play an important role. Drugstores were opened for the first time ten years ago. In particular, Olive Young succeeded in going into the black after making efforts for a long time by many persons. Drugstores could succeed in the business owing to many persons in the past as well as customers who liked drugstores. However, drugstores once lost ways and recorded poor business results. The three drugstores, that is to say, Olive Young, Watsons making efforts to go into the black and W-Store pursuing traditional drugstore shall compete each other and make effort to satisfy customers' desire. In that way, the three drugstores can be assured of present business as well as future business. The consumers' demand trend has become special at sub-division so that drugstores that can satisfy the demand can succeed in the business. Large businesses may be more interested in the 4th generation retail business to produce good income and to have bright future. Drugstore business and market are likely to expand and develop owing to large business' participation in drugstore business. Drugstores expanded shop at Seoul and Gyeonggi-do until middle of 2000. Drugstore business at station sphere in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do that have high ratio of temporary population has low customer loyalty to have limitation on continuous growth. Since 2009, drugstores have opened new shops at local towns: From the year of 2010, drugstores need to establish multiple shop strategy by accelerating business speed and to allow customers to drop in the shop anywhere in the nation and to enter consumers' life deeply, so that they can strengthen business base definitely. Drugstores need to have price competitiveness to have multiple shop opening strategy and to satisfy consumers and to supply high quality services that is future subject to solve. And, Olive Young and Watsons that are Korean style drugstore need to keep system in order and to strengthen substance as Korean style drugstore and to expand marketing, so that they can get business outcome within 5 years that was done 10 years before and they become the 4th generation retail business. The study had difficulties at collecting material from the three drugstore because of poor cooperation. And, the author had great difficulty at collecting statistical material that was made in disorder. Further effort is needed considering such problems.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

Purpose: At a time when the distribution industry is dominated by capital and technology, win-win growth among businesses groups (BGs) in wholesale market is becoming a social issue. Therefore, through analysis of market growth, market concentration (MC) and market power (MP), we want to identify the structure of the wholesale market and the competitiveness of the BGs in terms of market share (MS), sales-profit ratio (SPR), and labor productivity (LP) to explore the possibility of win-win growth. Market situation: Wholesale and Retail sales ratio (W/S) continues to increase, which also means inefficiency in distribution channels or opportunities in wholesale markets. Wholesale sales have grown 8.3 percent annually over the past 15 years, while the number of companies and workers has declined since 2017, which is why some restructuring is believed to begin in the wholesale industry. In terms of MC and MP, the growth potential of SBG can be found in FCB, ARM, FBT and CME BTs. Methodology and data: Through ANOVA and Regression Analysis, the 2015 Economic Census Data of KOSTAT was analyzed. Results: The results of ANOVA show that statistically significant SBG has a larger MS than LBG. The SPR was not different among BGs. LP is higher for LBG than for other BGs. Regression results show that the employment weight (EW) and the company size (SC) have positive effects on the MS, but the company weight (CW) and employment size (SE) have negative effects. In the case of SPR, the CW is positive and the EW is negative. In addition, LP appears to be more positive as SC in the BGs is larger. Conclusions: Although there is sufficient potential for SBG in the wholesale market, there is a problem that needs to increase LP. Therefore, the SBG needs to restructure in terms of number of companies and SC to improve the efficiency of employment. In terms of MC and MP, the SBG looks for possibilities in FCB, ARM, FBT and CME BTs. In addition, SBG that seeks higher returns with human services rather than simple sales is found to be competitive in the HHG, MES and CME BTs.

• 복식
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• 제38권
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• pp.193-211
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• 1998

Without a solid marketing system in placed, the fashion industry cannot flourish on out-standing design or technology alone. Even though the significance of collecting and analyzing information, merchandising, and retail distribution is recognized, these functions are not firmly rooted or prevalent in our industry. In contrast, Italy which possesses similar demographic traits such as the lack of natural resources and other physical factors has succeed-ed in globalizing its fashion market by responding swiftly and exercising flexiblity to its constantly changing consumer demand. This in turn has earned Italy the competitive edge in the global fashion arena. Italy's unique management skills and operation know-how, along with successful market strategies come into play in bringing competitiveness to Italy's fashion market. Firstly, smaller companies with ability to adopt swiftly to the ever changing market. Secondly, fashion friendly social environment. Thirdly, niche marketing through highly specialized system and differentiation. Fourthly, timeless innovation through intense corporate competition. Lastly, establishment of foundations to support the industry through diverse networking. The alone building blocks have formed a basis for erecting an unparalleled market with a reputation for excellence in design and quality in the global fashion world. This study has examined how Italy's fashion industry has evolved from an underdeveloped textile business into a cutting edge fashion in-dustry. Italy's unique business processes and practices were studied to come up with a collection and merchandising ideas in a niche market. By selecting this venue we are able to continuously grow and develop in a market with diverse consumer needs. To analyze the Italian fashion market, data from 3 institutions were utilized, namely, CIT-ER which has provided consumer trends and sales analysis, SITA,a data service provided statistics from the textile and apparel businesses, and NBI has also furnished valuable data. Italian consumer preference, buying behavior, consumer profile, retail channels and other related data from the above institutions has formed a backbone for market segmentation and target markets, and as a result, we were able to zero in on the type of consumer, produce, pricing and retail channels for our womenswear. Going forward the direction is to elevate product image and pretige, and create syn-ergy between related industries, and at the same note, in order to develop internationally recognized brands such as Max Mara and Benetton. Certain elements such as the specialization of the fashion industry, alon-g with fashion-related data base and systems support, and most importantly experts with acute fashion sense and capacity to analyze pertinent data are in need. I firmly believe that we can achieve Italy's level in the fashion market with support from the government and unrelenting effort within the industry itself, and hope that this report can prove to be useful.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2012

본 논문은 소매점 유형별 소비자의 상품선택행동과 선택속성의 중요도와 만족도에 대한 비교 분석을 통해 유형별 특성을 파악하고, 전통시장의 경쟁력 강화방안을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 서울과 수도권 거주자를 대상으로 설문하여 IPA 분석이 수행되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과에 따른 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통시장의 경우 상대적으로 이용시간이 긴 반면 사용금액은 크게 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전통시장의 점포구성과 배치가 점포탐색을 어렵게 하는 것으로 품목별 점포의 재구성과 집중화가 필요하다. 둘째, 전통시장과 대형 할인매장, 백화점 모두 중요도에 비하여 만족도가 낮아 전통시장의 활성화를 위해서는 대형 할인매장과 동일 선상에서의 경쟁보다는 취급하지 않는 품목의 구성 또는 전문화를 통하여 고객이 생각하지 못했던 곳에서 만족을 강화하는 것이 중요할 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 소매점 유형별 선택속성에 대한 IPA 결과 상품품질에 따른 응답자의 기대치가 반영되어 대형할인마트와 백화점은 가격에 대한 신뢰성과 상품 품질우수성이 개선되어야 할 사항으로 제시되었으며, 전통상권은 저렴한 가격과 가격에 대한 신뢰, 상품품질우수성이 강점으로 파악되었으며, 시설적 측면의 항목들은 개선사항으로 나타나 시설현대화 사업의 지속적 지원이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제67권
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• pp.69-95
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to analyse what are the key financial innovations in the euro area electronic payment systems. TARGET2 is the RTGS-system provided through the Eurosystem. It is used for settling central bank operations, for large interbank transfers in euro and also for other euro-denominated transfers. The specific features of TARGET2 include processing in real time, settlement in central bank money and immediate finality. In addition, the SEPA is a payment-integration initiative of the European Union for simplification of bank transfers denominated in euro. In particular, the main innovations consist of the completion of the phased migration to the TARGET2 infrastructure, and the introduction of a single retail payment market in euro - the SEPA and its products, schemes and frameworks. As the study analyse, the key innovations consist of the TARGET2 introduction, SEPA establishment and migration towards the T2S system. These innovations will lead to a better understanding of the payment and settlement systems' behavior in stress situations and to enhance the stability of the euro area financial system. Moreover, the successful integration of the European payment and settlement infrastructures will further contribute to the integration of the European financial markets, as well as to their higher competitiveness.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2003

이태리 소매의 변형이 지난 10년 동안 분배의 수준에서 전략적인 구룹의 무게 중심의 빠른 변화가 허용되어져 왔다. 경쟁의 재 디자인에서 그 같은 변화의 관계들은 주요한 외국의 큰 다국적 채인과 작은 독자적인 기업에 의해 특정이된 이태리 소매 전체에 주체자로서 볼 수 있는 가치인 것이다. 분석은 독자적인 소매상들이 국내 시장에서 외국 도매업자들의 전술적인 관점에서 들어오는 것에 대한 관계로서 그들의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서 채택된 것이다. 특히 대부분 공통적으로 채택된 전략의 선택은 발생될 수 있는 개발된 모델들의 특성을 시도하는데 분석되어져 있다. 본 연구는 기업의 재산과 독립성에 희생이 없이 경쟁의 회복을 위한 일부 독자적인 소매들에 의해서 채택된 성공할 해결의 가능성을 가지는 실예를 기술하고 있다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the ways of improving Korean apparel firms' competitiveness by examining the Korea's number one trading partner U.S. apparel industry. Especially, the Los Angeles area apparel industry which is the second largest and the primary market center on the west coast was analysed. The following strategies are suggested to Korean apparel firms to function more effectively in incleasingly competitive U.S. markets: l)Basics can be produced in lower wage countries meanwhile quick turnaround and high quality works can be produced either in Korea or U.S. 2)Manufacturers might try to have direct relationship with powerful retailers who have their own private labels of store-brand lines. 3)Apparel companies can open market showrooms in the California Market Center. For small firms they can contact with independent representatives who receive commissions for showing lines for manufacturers or rent space for showing the lines during market weeks. 4)Apparel firms can contact buying offices to introduce their products to retail buyers. 5)Korean firms can contact Korean-American apparel firms to gain easy access to U.S.Market.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2019

Purpose: The number intelligent homecare products are focused on the development of technology, resulting in a lack of realistic environments or requirements for consumers. The purpose of this paper is to define the consumer and context for intelligent homecare products and to develop a usability evaluation scale. Research design, data and methodology: For this study, first, consumer and contexts related to intelligent homecare products were analyzed through literature review. Second, the primary usability evaluation factors were derived for intelligent homecare products by collecting the factors related to usability evaluation and conducting in-depth interviews with experts. Third, the second usability evaluation factors were derived through survey and statistical analysis based on the derived usability evaluation factors. Results: As a result, users of intelligent homecare products were classified as primary users and secondary consumers and six related contexts. The usability evaluation scale was established with four factors - Functionality, Error, Convenience, and Emotion - and 13 items. Conclusions: This study can be the basis for developing and distributing products that meet the consumer environment and requirements related to intelligent homecare products that will contribute to securing the competitiveness of companies and developing the technology and service value of related industries.