• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2021

Cultural assets excavated in historical areas have their own characteristics based on the background of the times, and it can be seen that their patterns and characteristics change little by little according to the history and the flow of the spreading area. Cultural properties excavated in some areas represent the culture of the time and some maintain their intact appearance, but most of them are damaged/lost or divided into parts, and many experts are mobilized to research the composition and repair the damaged parts. The purpose of this research is to learn patterns and characteristics of the past through artificial intelligence neural networks for such restoration research, and to restore the lost parts of the excavated cultural assets based on Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)[1]. The research is a process in which the rest of the damaged/lost parts are restored based on some of the cultural assets excavated based on the GAN. To recover some parts of dammed of cultural asset, through training with the 2D image of a complete cultural asset. This research is focused on how much recovered not only damaged parts but also reproduce colors and materials. Finally, through adopted this trained neural network to real damaged cultural, confirmed area of recovered area and limitation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

Recently, the keyword 'convergence' has emerged in the education field. The voice of demand for the humanities is also increasing. The range of convergence of the humanities is gradually spreading to various fields such as science, technology, engineering, and the arts field. And also, the trend is to nurture the future creative convergence talent with logical, comprehensive, and creative thinking through the fusion of humanities, scientific, and empirical theories. Myths and legends contain the content of humanity's culture creation and deal with matters such as religion, philosophy, art, and science. Therefore, through the consciousness of the ancients who lived in the so-called convergence era when academic differentiation did not occur, it will be possible to reflect on the appearance of sages. In this paper, we propose a method for educating Chinese culture through the analysis of by Wen Yi-Duo, a famous Chinese scholar. He sought to find the origin of Chinese culture through myths and legends and to find national identity by restoring the concept of national culture in the period of origin. The myths and legends of China are closely related to the cultural phenomena of modern China, which will further enhance our understanding of China.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

A chimi(a roof ridge decoration) excavated from the Busosan Temple Site in Buyeo was restored in 1978 at the Buyeo Museum. The gypsum restoration material had deteriorated over time and part of it was seriously damaged and unable to bear the weight of the chimi. The chimi features traces of emergency treatment revealing that the inside of the body and some portions of the tail were reinforced several times using epoxy resin. A condition survey performed in preparation for its transfer for an exhibition found the lower body and wings of the chimi to be highly vulnerable and it was determined that the chimi needed further restoration. The dismantling of the chimi for restoration revealed several elements that provide clues to the production techniques applied by its makers, so they were subjected to inspection. This study explores the production techniques used in the chimi from the Busosan Temple Site that were revealed during the process of dismantling it for restoration. The chimi was inspected using 3D scanning and its rigid vertical shape was restored to a natural form based on the production techniques identified during the dismantling process. The existing restoration material was replaced to improve durability. 3D printed elements were produced based on 3D modelling and were joined to the original chimi to correct its shape and fill in the missing parts, restoring the chimi to its original appearance.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.39-56
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• 2022

The purpose of this project was to improve the stability of a pair of leather socks for use on snowy days in the collection of the National Museum of Korea (Namsan1567) by conducting conservation treatment and restoring the socks to their original form for use in research and exhibition. Leather socks are referred to in ancient documents with names combining the word "mal" for socks with a term indicating their material (e.g., pimal, meaning leather socks; nokpimal, meaning deer leather socks; jangpimal, meaning roe deer leather socks, or lipimal, meaning racoon dog leather socks) and are mentioned mostly in connection with Jeju Island. Related documents include the Seungjeongwon ilgi (Daily Record of the Grand Secretariat), Injaeilnok (Diary of Injae Jo Geukseon), and Hamel's Journal and a Description of the Kingdom of Joseon. Extant examples of ancient leather socks display the same form as beoseon (traditional Korean socks) and are made of either leather or a combination of leather and fabric. It is likely that such leather socks were worn on Jeju Island to protect the feet from the cold. A condition survey of the leather socks was first conducted to establish a plan for their conservation treatment. Since the socks were in rather poor condition, it was decided to identify their original form through an investigation of relics and pertinent previous studies. The socks were cleaned in consideration of results of the condition survey, and the missing parts around the necks of the socks were reinforced in a reversible manner using counting stitches with cloth dyed to match the original color. Since the bottoms of the socks had lost much of their original form due to deterioration and disintegration in the leather, supports were made and inserted inside the socks to help retain their shape. Through these processes, the structure and characteristics of the socks and the techniques used in their production could be analyzed, their condition was stabilized, and their original form was recovered.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.985-998
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• 2021

In general, the upstream dam changes downstream flow regime dramatically, i.e., from natural flow regime to hydropeaking flows. This study investigates the impact of the natural flow pattern on downstream fish habitat in a regulated river in Korea using the physical habitat simulation. The study area is a 13.4 km long reach of the Geum-gang River, located downstream from the Yongdam Dam, Korea. A field monitoring revealed that three fish species are dominant, namely Zacco platypus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, and Opsariichthys bidens, and they account for 70% of the total fish community. Specially, Opsariichthys bidens is an indigenous species in the Geum-gang River. The three fish species are selected as target fish species for the physical habitat simulation. The Nays2D model, a 2D shallow water equation solver, and the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model are used for hydraulic and habitat simulations, respectively. To assess the impact of the natural flow pattern, this study uses the annual natural flow regime and hydropeaking flows from the dam. It is found that the natural flow regime increases significantly the Composite Suitability Index (CSI) in the study reach. Then, using the Building Block Approach (BBA), the scenarios for the modifying dam operations are presented in the study reach. Both Scenario 1 and scenario 2 are proposed by using the hydrological method considering both magnitude and duration of the inflow and averaging the inflow over each month, respectively. It is revealed that the natural flow regime embodied in scenario 1 and scenario 2 increases the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) significantly, compared to the hydropeaking flows. In conclusion, the modifying the dam operations by restoring to the natural flow pattern is advantageous to fish community.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.567-577
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• 2022

Recently, the prevalence of ischemic diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, cerebral ischemia, and peripheral arterial disease, has been continuously increasing due to the aging population. The current standardized treatment for ischemic diseases is reperfusion therapy through pharmacotherapy and surgical approaches. Although reperfusion therapy may restore the function of damaged arteries, it is not effective at restoring the function of the surrounding tissues that have been damaged due to ischemia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new treatment strategy that can safely and effectively treat ischemic damage and restore the function of surrounding tissues. To overcome these limitations, stem cell-based therapy to regenerate the damaged region has been studied as a promising strategy for ischemic vascular diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from diverse tissues and have been shown to be promising for the treatment of ischemic disease by regenerating damaged tissues through immunomodulation, the promotion of angiogenesis, and the secretion of various relevant factors. Moreover, new approaches to enhancing MSC function, such as cell priming or enhancing transplantation efficiency using a 3D culture method, have been studied to increase stem cell therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we provide various strategies by which MSCs are used to treat ischemic diseases, and we discuss the challenges of MSC transplantation, such as the differentiation, proliferation, and engraftment of MSCs at the ischemic site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 2022

A method of restoring the occluded area was proposed by referring to images taken with the same types of sensors on high-resolution optical satellite images through deep learning. For the natural continuity of the simulated image with the occlusion region and the surrounding image while maintaining the pixel distribution of the original image as much as possible in the patch segmentation image, CycleGAN (Cycle Generative Adversarial Network) method with ConvNeXt block applied was used to analyze three experimental regions. In addition, We compared the experimental results of a training patch size of 512*512 pixels and a 1024*1024 pixel size that was doubled. As a result of experimenting with three regions with different characteristics,the ConvNeXt CycleGAN methodology showed an improved R² value compared to the existing CycleGAN-applied image and histogram matching image. For the experiment by patch size used for training, an R² value of about 0.98 was generated for a patch of 1024*1024 pixels. Furthermore, As a result of comparing the pixel distribution for each image band, the simulation result trained with a large patch size showed a more similar histogram distribution to the original image. Therefore, by using ConvNeXt CycleGAN, which is more advanced than the image applied with the existing CycleGAN method and the histogram-matching image, it is possible to derive simulation results similar to the original image and perform a successful simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2022

The functionally generated path (FGP) technique, first described by Meyer in 1933, is a method in the oral cavity to use the movement pathway formed by the opposing cusps within the border movement of the mandible. Using this method, an appropriate occlusal shape can be given to the patient. In this case, the FGP technique was selected to provide a bilateral balanced occlusion when restoring the edentulous maxilla that opposes the natural mandibular teeth with irregular arrangement with overdentures. In addition, in order to precisely form the occlusal surface of the posterior region with the FGP technique and to reduce the attrition of denture teeth, zirconia denture teeth, not conventional resin artificial teeth, were individually manufactured. After treatment with these materials and methods, satisfactory results were obtained for both the operator and the patient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2021

This paper addressed the problems of controlling the coupled pitch-roll motions in a marine vessel exposed to the regular waves in the longitudinal and transversal directions. Stabilization of the pitch and roll motions can be regarded as the essential task to ensure the safety of a ship's navigation. One of the important features in the pitch-roll motions is the resonance phenomena, which result in unexpected large responses in terms of pitch and roll modes in some specific conditions. Besides, owing to its inherent characteristics of coupled combination and nonlinearity of restoring terms, the vessel shows various dynamical behaviors according to the system parameters, especially in the pitch responses. Above all, it can be seen that suppression of pitch rate remains the most significant challenge to overcome for ship maneuvering safety studies. To secure the stable upright condition, a quasi-sliding mode control scheme is employed to reduce the undesirable pitch and roll responses as well as chattering elimination. The Lyapunov theory is adopted to guarantee the closed stability of the pitch-roll system. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme. Finally, the control goals of state convergences and chattering reduction are effectively realized through the proposed control synthesis.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.533-540
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• 2020

Mt. Neoseongsan (NSS) is the only natural Neorok source in Korea. The geological, historical, and cultural values of NSS were recognized in 2013, and NSS has since been designated and maintained as a natural monument (No. 547), which has restricted the research and utilization of NSS Neorok. The limited NSS Neorok supply has hindered the restoration research of traditional pigments. Recently, a large amount of Neorok has been mined from Mt. Gwangeongsan (GJS) and is expected to be the main supply source of Neorok for restoring traditional pigments. Therefore, this study analyzed the characteristics of NSS- and GJS-Neorok-based pigments to evaluate the feasibility of substituting GJS Neorok for NSS Neorok in pigments. The NSS Neorok was mostly comprised of celadonite, whereas the GJS Neorok included minerals containing glassy phases such as celadonite, cristobalite, tridymite, etc. Because both Neorok samples were vitrified under identical conditions, the GJS Neorok grains were larger than the NSS Neorok ones. The GJS Neorok pigment showed that the chromaticity, grain size, oil absorption, and stability varied depending on the mineral types and contents. In particular, GJS-2 and NSS Neorok showed similar mineral compositions, physical properties, and stabilities, suggesting that GJS-2 can be substituted for NSS Neorok, which has been difficult to source and utilize ever since NSS was designated as a natural monument.