• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.553-558
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• 2008

Essential aspects of the innate immune response to microbial infection appear to be conserved between insects and mammals. In order to identify new Drosophila melanogaster genes involved in the immune response, we performed gene expression profiling of Drosophila SL2 cells stimulated with bacterial (LPS/PGN) or fungal (curdlan) components using a cDNA microarray that contained 5,405 Drosophila cDNAs. We found that some genes were similarly regulated by LPS/PGN and curdlan. However, a large number, belonging to the functional classes of cell organization, development, signal transduction, morphogenesis, cell cycle, and DNA replication, displayed significant differences in their transcription profiles between the two treatments, demonstrating that bacterial and fungal components induce different immune response even in an in vitro cell system.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.519-536
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• 1995

In the design of experiments for response surface analysis, sometimes it is of interest to estimate the difference of responses at two points. If differences at points close together are involved, the design that reliably estimates the slope of response surface is important. This idea was conceptualized by slope rotatability by Hader & Park (1978) and Park (1987). Until now, second order polynomial models were only studied for slope ratatability. In this paper, we will propose the necessary and sufficient conditions for slope rotatability over all directions for the thired order polynomial models in two, three and four independent variables. Also practical slope rotatable designs over all directions for two independent variables are suggested.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.639-650
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• 2019

Time-domain commercial codes are widely used to evaluate the seismic behavior of tunnels. Those tools offer a good insight into the performance and the failure mechanism of tunnels under earthquake loading. Viscous damping is generally employed in the dynamic analysis to consider damping at very small strains in some cases, and the Rayleigh damping is commonly used one. Many procedures to obtain the damping parameters have been proposed but they are seldom discussed. This paper illustrates the influence of the Rayleigh damping formulation on the tunnel visco-elastic behavior under earthquake. Four Rayleigh damping determination procedures and three soil shear velocity profiles are accounted for. The results show significant differences in the free-field and in the tunnel response caused by different procedures. The difference is somewhat decreased when the soil site fundamental frequency is increased. The conventional method which consists of using solely the first soil natural mode to determine the viscous damping parameters may lead to an unsafe seismic design of the tunnel. In general, using five times site fundamental frequency to obtain the damping formulation can provide relatively conservative results.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2023

This study examines the response of users' feelings from a gender perspective toward interactive video mobile learning (IVML). An IVML prototype was developed for the Android platform allowing users to install and make use of the app for m-learning purposes. This study aims to measure the level of feelings toward the IVML prototype and examine the differences in gender perspectives, identify the most responsive feelings between male, and female users as prominent feelings and measure the correlation between user-friendly feeling traits as an independent variable in accordance with gender attributes. The feelings response could then be extracted from the user experience, user interface, and human-computer interaction based on gender perspectives using the Kansei engineering approach as the measurement method. The statistical results demonstrated the different emotional reactions from a male and female perspective toward the IVML prototype may or may not have a correlation with the user-friendly trait, perhaps having a similar emotional response from one to another.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.829-836
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• 2010

Purpose : This study investigated the diurnal rhythm of cortisol in male and female adolescents. Methods : Salivary cortisol was examined in 52 normally developing subjects aged 13 to 14 years. Subjects provided saliva samples at 08:00h, 12:00h, 16:00h and 20:00h. Results : Males and females showed similar pattern of cortisol, which elevated cortisol in the morning and decreased in the evening. There were no differences of gender at 08:00h, 12;00h and 20:00h. There were also not difference between males and females using an area under the curve analysis. Conclusions : The same diurnal cortisol rhythm were found in male and female adolescents. Further research is needed to examine differences of gender in cortisol awakening response.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.347-351
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• 2004

A battery of sediment bioassays was performed for the sediments from the intertidal flat zone along the middle west coast of Korea to assess their potential toxicity. In the bioassays, three crustaceans, Daphnia magna, Nitocra spines, and Hyalella aztec a were exposed to $16\%$ sediments (wet weight) collected from 14 sites. Immobility($\%$) was checked as an endpoint after 24- and 48-h exposure of Daphnia magna and after 96-h exposure of Hyalella azteca and Nitocra spines. Among the three bioassays, the 48-h Daphnia bioassay showed the most distinct differential sensitivity in relation to sediment contamination, while the Nitocra and the Hyalella bioassays failed to show the differential sensitivity properly among the sites classified as polluted. Significantly different levels of immobility ($\%$) were obtained between the sites classified as chemical/nutrient polluted and the sites classified as non-polluted in the Daphnia bioassays, but not in the Nitocra bioassay and the Hyalella bioassay. Some differences of toxic response to the same sediments among bioassays were observed, suggesting that there may be a chemical specificity of response sensitivity to sediment toxicity, due to differences in bio-availability of sediment toxicants among test species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.308-311
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted using indigenous Kivircik ewes to evaluate the effect of intravaginal progestagen sponges, containing 30 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA), followed by administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on inducing synchronized oestrus in the season and fertility. Three times of PMSG administration relative to sponge withdrawal (24 h before (n = 30), at (n = 29) or 24 h after (n= 29)) and two routes of PMSG administration (intramuscular (n = 46) and subcutaneous (n = 42) were compared for estrous response, number of multiple births and fecundity rates. There were no significant differences in terms of estrous response, due to differences in the time and route of PMSG administration. Lambing percentage, proportion of multiple births and fecundity were 75.6, 51.6 and 114.6%, respectively. The administration had a significant effect on lambing (p<0.05), multiple birth and fecundity rates (p<0.01). The subcutaneous administration of PMSG resulted in a significantly higher lambing rate (p<0.05) and fecundity rate (p<0.01), compared to the intramuscular injection of the PMSG.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for two different amounts of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder and olive oil for the processing of chicken sausage. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design of response surface methodology, with ten experimental points, including two replicates for turmeric powder and olive oil. The physicochemical and mechanical analysis of each sample, including water holding capacity, moisture content, lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and cohesiveness, showed significant differences. The results from sensory evaluations also showed very significant differences in color, flavor, tenderness, chewiness, and overall quality. The optimal formulation, calculated by numerical and graphical methods, was 1.89 g of turmeric powder and 9.77 g of olive oil. Under these conditions, the model predicted pH-6.01, salinity-0.20, WHC-94.88, $L^*$ value-61.13, $b^*$ value-37.45, hardness-$36.66{\times}10^2$ (N), springiness-8.70 (mm), chewiness-$26.88{\times}10^3$ ($N{\times}mm$).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.651-654
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• 2006

Infrared channels of newly launched Japanese geostationary satellite, MTSAT-1R are compared with well calibrated MODIS/Terra infrared measurements at 3.7, 6.7, 11, 12 ${\mu}m$ bands. There are four steps in this intercalibration method: 1) data collection, 2) spectral response function correction, 3) data collocation, and 4) calculation of mean bias and conversion coefficients. In order to minimize the navigation error of MTSAT-1R, comparisons are made over the area in which the viewing angle of MTSAT-1R is less than 50$^{\circ}$. The calibration method was tested for August 2005 and within the 40$^{\circ}N$-40$^{\circ}S$, 100$^{\circ}$E-180$^{\circ}$E domain. The differences of spectral response functions were corrected through radiative transfer model simulation. Constructing collocated data differences in viewing geometry, observation time and space were taken into account. In order to avoid the radiance variation induced by cloud presence, clear-sky targets are selected as intercalibration target. The mean biases of 11, 12, 6.7, and 3.7 ${\mu}m$ bands are about -0.16, 0.36, 1.31, and -6.69 K, suggesting that accuracies of 3.7 ${\mu}m$ is questionable while other channels are comparable to MODIS

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study aims to evaluate newly developing Sasang Constitution Diagnosis Questionnaire for accuracy and efficiency. 2. Methods Three hundred and twenty eight patients from 4 multi centers are involved in this study. Excluding 16 constitution-unidentified patients and 2 Taeyang-in patients, 310 patients' questionnaires are analyzed statistically by their constitutions. 3. Results Sixty one questions are statistically significant in whole 229 questions of Sasang Constitution Diagnosis Questionnaire. We have selected 30 questions from 61 questions by comparing total data from 4 multi centers with those of each center. Thirty questions are made up of 10 body shape questions, 10 appearance questions, 5 character questions and 5 symptom questions. 3. Conclusions There might be needs for revision of character and symptom questions. From results, we suggest to diagnose Sasang Constitution for screening by short-form questionnaire consisted of questions on body shapes and appearances.