• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2009

작물을 데치거나 국을 끓여 먹는 과정에서의 잔류농약 경감을 조사하기 위해 비닐하우스에서 재배하면서 농약을 살포한 시금치 (bifenthrin, metalaxyl, procymidone), 근대(bifenthrin, imidacloprid), 아욱(bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid)을 세척하고 물에 넣고 끓여(시금치: 1분, 3분, 5분, 근대: 3분, 6분, 9분, 아욱: 10분, 20분, 30분) 잔류농약 제거율을 조사하였다. Bifenthrin, procymidone은 세척에 의해 각각 $58{\sim}64%$, 82%제거되었고 끓임에 의해 제거율이 유효하게 변하지 않았다. Imidacloprid의 경우 근대에서 43%, 아욱에서 12%가 세척에 의해 제거되었으며 끓임에 의해 94%까지 크게 제거되었다. Metalaxyl, chlorpyrifos는 세척에 의해 각각 69%, 11%가 제거되었고 끓임에 의해 98%, 79%까지 유효하게 제거되었다. 한편 국을 끓여 먹을 때를 고려하여 끓이는 과정에서 사용된 물과 작물체를 합하여 제거율을 조사했을 때는 아욱의 imidacloprid와 chloropyrifos만이 끓임에 의해 효과적으로 제거되었고($12%{\rightarrow}34{\sim}40%$, $11%{\rightarrow}76{\sim}78%$) 다른 농약들은 세척과 차이가 없었다. 이러한 농약들은 작물체를 물에서 끓이는 과정에서 물로 이동되었으나 끓임에 의해 제거되지 않고 물속에 남아 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1982

전국의 논, 밭, 과수원 및 plastic film house 토양시료 236점을 1981년(年) 4월(月)부터 5월(月)사이에 채취(採取), 유기염소계 잔류농약을 GLC로 분석하였다. 실험결과(實驗結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)하였다. 1) ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-BHC$, PCNB, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, ${\alpha}-endosulfan$, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD 및 p,p'-DDT 등의 잔류농약성분이 국내 농경지에서 검출되었다. 2) 과수원토양에 잔류성 유기염소계농약이 가장 많았고 논 및 밭토양의 잔류수준은 이에 비해 훨씬 낮았다. 3) 논 및 밭토양에 비해 과수원토양에는 aldrin, ${\alpha}-endosulfan$, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD 및 p,p'-DOT의 검출빈도(檢出頻度)와 잔류수준이 높았다. 4) ${\alpha}-BHC$와 ${\gamma}-BHC$는 모든 공시토양(供試土壤)에서 검출되었으나 농경지별 차이가 없었고, 평균잔류량은 $0.008{\sim}0.014$ ppm였다 . 5) 과수원토양의 높은 p,p'-DDT의 잔류량에 관해 토론(討論)하였고 현용(現用) 또는 사용(使用)이 금지(禁止)된 농약에 대한 잔류연구의 필요성을 강조하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.238-248
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 울산지역에서 유통되는 건조농산물의 잔류농약 실태를 조사하기 위해 150건을 수거하여 잔류농약 분석을 실시하였다. 잔류농약 208항목을 식품공전 다성분 분석법을 이용하여 실시하였으며 29건(19.3%)에서 잔류농약이 검출되었다. 품목별로 분류하면 고추 품목에서 7건, 취나물에서 4건, 곤드레에서 3건, 대추, 무(잎), 가지에서 각 2건, 귤, 부지깽이, 고구마줄기, 여주, 고사리, 무(뿌리), 사과, 감잎차, 고추잎에서 각 1건씩 검출되었다. 검출된 잔류농약을 성분별로 분류하면 살균제성분이 60%, 살충제성분이 23.8%, 살충제, 살비제로 작용하는 성분이 16.3% 검출되어 살균제가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 가장 많이 검출된 잔류농약은 Tebuconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Difenoconazole, Azoxystrobin이다. 분석결과 2건에서 3항목의 잔류농약이 잔류허용기준을 초과하여 부적합으로 판정되었으나, 위해도 평가결과 0.00002-0.3140%범위로 나타나 모두 안전한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2011

재배형태별(노지, 비가림 하우스)로 고추의 재배에 사용되는 carbendazim과 chlorpyrifos의부위별 잔류량에 대해 조사를 하였다. carbendazim과 chlorpyrifos 모두 농약 살포 2시간 후에는 비가림하우스보다 노지에서 잔류량이 높았으며, 시일이 경과한 5일과 10일 후에는 오히려 비가림하우스에서 높았다. 노지에서 초기 농약잔류가 비가림하우스보다 높음에도 불구 하고 농약의 분해가 더 빨랐다. 시간이 경과하여 5일차에는 carbendazim이나 chlorpyrifos은 과탁/과경 > 과경/과탁 > 과육의 순으로 농약 잔류가 높았으며, 잎의 농약잔류량은 다른 부위보다 아주 높았다. carbendazim과 chlorpyrifos의 경감율은 수확이 늦추어짐에 따라 감소되지만, 10일차에 과육에서 19.1%와 66.4%, 과탁에서 45.2%와 62.3%, 그리고 과경에서 41.6%와 72.0%로 각각 나타났다. 또한 15일차의 경감율은 과육에서 31.1%와 75.3%, 과탁에서 43.5%와 81.7%, 그리고 과경에서 47.7%와 82.8%로 나타났다. 따라서 carbendazim은 과탁 > 과경 > 과육의 순으로, chlorpyrifos는 과경 > 과탁 > 과육의 순으로 경감율을 보였다. 잔류량 반감기는 carbendazim에서 과육은 29.6일, 과탁은 13.6일, 과경은 16.0일 이었고, chlorpyrifos에서는 과육 8.3일, 과탁 8.3일, 과경 6.3일로 나타났다. 이와 같이 침투성농약인 carbendazim이 chlorpyrifos보다 반감기가 모든 부위에서 길었으며, 부위별로는 두 성분 다 과육에서 반감기가 긴 것으로 나타났다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2011

재배방법에 따른 농약의 잔류성을 비교하기 위하여 비가림과 시설 재배조건에서 포도 중 azoxystrobin과 cyenopyrafen의 잔류 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 azoxystrobin의 경우 기준량은 $0.54-0.9\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 배량은 $0.92-2\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$이었고, cyenopyrafen의 경우 기준량은 $0.55-0.64\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, 배량은 $0.97-1.27\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$이었다. 이를 통해 산출한 반감기는 azoxystrobin은 기준량은 13.28-15.58일, 배량은 10.81-13.67일이었으며, cyenopyrafen은 7.99-12.65일, 배량은 7.92-14.65일로 나타났다. 두 재배조건 간에 잔류 특성을 비교해 본 결과 시설 재배조건이 비가림 재배조건보다 두 약제 모두 분해가 더 빨랐다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2017

Bacillus coagulans was added as probiotics in instant coffee with microground roasted coffee which is recently rising premium coffee and the instant coffee (ProBio coffee) was compared with 3 commercial instant coffees with microground roasted coffee in quality characteristics to understand the competitiveness of ProBio coffee. In sensory evaluation, ProBio coffee had inferior aroma intensity and overall acceptance compared with control group (brewed coffee) (p<0.05) but it had equal quality or more compared with 3 commercials. Total polyphenol content, chlorogenic acid content, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and caffeine content were $110.72{\pm}1.99mg/g$, $2,700{\pm}20mg/g$, $146.22{\pm}3.62TEAC\;mg/g$, $28.1{\pm}3.2ppm$ respectively. In general quality characteristics, water content, solubility, particle size and particle strength of ProBio coffee were similar to general instant coffee but had darker color than it. In safety assessment, acrylamide content was $502{\pm}10ppb$, and residual pesticides and ochratoxin A were not detected. Over 70% of B. coagulans were maintained in 4 months of storage and 16 months of shelf life was predicted in ProBio coffee by $Q_{10}$ model. Therefore, ProBio coffee was confirmed to have a sufficient product competiveness compared with 3 commercials.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Ginseng has been widely used in Korea as a natural medicine due to its saponin contents. Although the total amount of ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) is 4~5 times higher than that of saponin in the root, the root is mainly used. This is due to two reasons: nervous system-stimulant activity of GSLS and pesticide residues in GSLS. In this study, residual agricultural pesticides were removed from GSLS using two types of bacterial treatments. Two GSLS treatment groups of chickens (GSLS-1 and GSLS-2) were established. The chickens were fed 0.4% GSLS-1 or GSLS-2 mixed with crop. We then evaluated the effects of GSLS on bodyweight and several immune parameters. At the end of the experiments, chickens fed GSLS-1 and red ginseng saponin had significantly higher growth rates (16.6% and 8.0%, respectively) compared to the vaccine control group treated with Noblis Salenvac-T. The group fed GSLS-1 also had the highest IgG titer that was significantly different at the end of experiments compared to the other groups. These findings imply that GSLS-1 is a good candidate feed additive for the chicken industry.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.762-772
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• 2016

Purpose: Adolescence is a critical period for growth and development; hence, knowledge about good food habits is essential amongst children. This study was conducted to investigate prevalence of awareness among food sellers, which could probably influence children's health and perceptions on food around schools towards adulterated food management beliefs, competencies, and food safety practices. Methods: Data was collected from 195 dealers around 25 elementary, middle and high schools in Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces using a self-administered questionnaire in July and August, 2015. The data was analyzed using frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, $x^2$-test, factor analysis, and reliability analysis by SPSS Statistics (ver. 23.0). Results: A total of 121 people (62.1%) reported satisfaction of providing information and education on adulterated food. The perception of hazardous substances was found to be related to food poisoning bacteria and viruses (65.6%), heavy metals (42.1%), environmental hormones (36.4%), residual pesticides (27.2%), and irradiated food (26.7%). The perceived score on hygiene practices for processed food seller was $4.04{\pm}0.56/5.00$ and for cooked food seller was $4.09{\pm}0.45$. The capacity of adulterated food management practice of food sellers was significantly correlated with food knowledge on adulteration and public relation capacity, necessity of adulterated food management, and perception of hygiene practices (p<0.01). Similarly, knowledge and public relation capacity were significantly different according to ages (p<0.01). The perception of the necessity of adulterated food management was significantly different according to education levels (p<0.05), and the evaluation of hygiene practices was significantly different according to age (p<0.01). Conclusion: In order to solve the problem of adulterated food, which is one of the four social evils, and to strengthen the capacity of children to solve social problems, various practices like campaign on health promotion, goof food habits, education, and adulterated food management, should be actively promoted not only for children but also for food sellers around the schools.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2008

This study was investigated that quality inspection of distributed Scutellariae Radix in Korea. To evaluate the quality of these herbal medicines, we carried out TLC pattern, foreign matter in purity, loss on drying, ash, acid-insoluble ash, oil content, dilute ethanol-soluble, water-soluble, ether-soluble extracts contents, quantitative analyses, residual $SO_2$, individual heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides. To measure contents of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin, we were quantitative analyzed using HPLC. The average contents of baicalin, baicalein and wogonin were detected by 13.28 (${\pm}$0.43)%, 1.17 (${\pm}$0.04)% and 0.40 (${\pm}$0.02)%, respectively. Each average contents As, Cd, Hg and Pb was 0.059 (${\pm}$0.054) mg ${\cdot}$ $kg^{-1}$, 0.019 (${\pm}$0.010) mg ${\cdot}$ $kg^{-1}$, 0.017 (${\pm}$0.057) ppm and 0.242 (${\pm}$0.084) mg ${\cdot}$ $kg^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2007

As a result of life-style changes, consumer's concerns of food have shifted from calories and nutrition to health and convenience. Fresh-cut products are one such new direction for fruit and vegetable consumption. In this study, the vitamin C, mineral, and pesticide contents of various fresh-cut products were analyzed. According to sensory evaluations, the key reason for a lower than expected overall acceptability of many fresh-cut products is that they are likely to have browning and can easily lose their freshness. Also, the sensory evaluation showed that shriveling, the degree of browning, softening around the cut edge, and off-flavors were the primary factors affecting the quality of fresh-cut products. As a nutritional factor of quality, vitamin C content was not practical with regard to fresh-cut lettuce because the level was very low. For product safety, residual pesticides were detected in the fresh-cut products, but the results showed that all items were under permitted levels and considered safe. In evaluation of the microbial levels of the fresh-cut market products, the levels of viable cells, mold, yeast, coliform bacteria, and enterobacteriaceae were not significantly different based on the summer and winter seasons. The levels of S. aureus and Listeria spp. in the products were higher during the summer season than the winter.