• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.109-129
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was the acquisition of the optimum scale of the apportionment of standard & high-class bed for the maximum profit representative of the desire of customers in a General Hospital with 1,100 beds located in Seoul. This investigation was proceeded by the analysis of the result of the simulation with the survey of both the patients' needs for bed and the degree of the medical service by the grade of the ward. And finally the consequence was obtained as follows: 1. The result of the investigation of the inpatients' preference for the grade of ward classes shows that a private ward reflected 4.3 percent, a semi-private ward 1.7 percent, a three-bed ward 0.1 percent, and a ward with six beds 93.9 percent each other. 2. A questionnaire poll was paralleled of service terms of a medical doctor and a nurse by ward class, the data were used for the standard of the allotment of labor cost by the ward class. The poll shows that the service tenn of a medical doctor and a nurse based on a ward with six beds by ward class showed 1.7 times in internal medicine and 1.9 times in surgery at a private ward; 1.4 times in internal medicine and 1.7 times in surgery at a semi-private room; and 1.2 times both in internal medicine and in surgery at a three-bed ward 3. The resultant findings revealed the most profit per bed and per patient in a private ward. However, an analysis of profit with a standard of unit area by ward class represented a higher profit in both the internal medicine and the surgery semi-private ward than other ward classes. 4. The result of the analysis through simulation based on the data of the prime cost per the ward class proved the optimum scale of the distribution of beds by class as follows: sixteen beds of the internal medicine and twenty three beds of the surgery in the private ward; two hundreds and two of the internal medicine and one hundred and ninety eight of the surgery in the semi-private room; three of both the internal medicine and the surgery each other in the three-bed ward; one hundred and ninety eight of the internal medicine and two hundred and fifty two of the surgery in the ward with six beds. The result of this research exhibits that the income and expenditure of the hospital could be improved by changing parts of wards into private ones(containing the maximum profit per a unit of width) in case the scale of the number of beds is reset with the consideration of the profit per the unit width. In the near future it's strongly expected that the research for the more scientific standard of the allotment of labour cost by ward class and for definition of the optimum scale of the number of beds that actualize the maximum profit with the change of the three elements of the prime cost: cost of materials; labor costs; management expenses.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.276-281
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• 2014

Necessities of a traffic means work a car in the modern society human to an usability of a life is enjoying. On the other hand, the damage by traffic accident increment the human quotient worked as we were in proportion to the vehicle which increased. Passing an examination moves necessarily on an obstacle to suddenly appear at the fronts if a car travels and the vehicles which stopped suddenly. Dynamic passing an examination about an obstacle turn on Vehicle Emergency Lamp to by hand when is unhurried, and can turn off, but to appear urgently dynamic passing an examination in time human is instinctive, but cannot inform an emergency to a back vehicle, and a rear-end collision occurs. A car we synthesize a speed of a vehicle, and this unit analyzes as we use GPS, and to drive runs Vehicle Emergency Lamp to automatic in the situations that shall turn on emergencies etc. If a speed of a vehicle continuously slows down in too high-speed driving or low-speed driving, or we are stopped, Vehicle Emergency Lamp is always turned on. It was built if we rise again as clearing itself from risk, and a speed of a vehicle judges, and we turn off Vehicle Emergency Lamp to automatic. It runs till rear-end collision sensor operates, and by hand reset does Vehicle Emergency Lamp a driving vehicle collides from behind to a back vehicle or when a driving vehicle was overthrown. It is shortened very much to the chain rear-end collision traffic accident that is a traffic accident of large size if we use this unit. And we did authentication through the experiment which a driver was helpful to unnecessary operation and a relaxed safe driving during drivings.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 1995

Emplacement ages for the granite plutons of the Jurassic and the Cretaceous times in the central Ogcheom Fold Belt were determined by Rb-Sr whole rock and mineral isocheon methods. In addition mineral ages for the plutons were determined by K-Ar and fission track methods. In turn, thermal histories and uplifting rates of the granitic bodies are elucidated from the isotopic ages. The Jecheon(~203 Ma) and Mungyeong(at lest~200 Ma) granites of the Jurassic and the Muamsa, Wolagsan and Daeyasan granites(~110 Ma) of the Cretaceous show high strontium initial ratios [$(^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr)_1$0.7100],suggesting that the granitic magmas have been generated by partial melting of crustal materials (S-type), or by mixing of mantle and crustal materials. Only mineral ages of the Sogrisan and Hyeongjebong granites (~90 Ma) were determined by K-Ar method, and petrogenesis of them were not defined yet. The two Jurassic granite plutons were cooled rapidly down to $300^{\circ}C$, right after the plutons were slowly cooled down since then, due to their deep emplacment. During the Middle Cretaceous period, the Jurassic Mungyeong granitic pluton was intruded and thermally affected much by the surrounding Wolagsan and Daeyasan granites. Accordingly the Rb-Sr mineral age, K-Ar hornblende and biotite ages of the Mungyeong granite appear to be reduced or reset due to the thermal effects above their blocking temperatures. All the cretaceous granites have been cooled much ore simply and rapidly down than the Jurassic ones below $300^{\circ}C$, owing to their shallow emplacement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the cause analysis according to the difference between the pre exposure tube voltage and actual exposure tube voltage in mammography in connection with breast pressure thickness, breast size and body mass index and to find the improvement. The study tracked 377 women age 40 and older among the mammography examiners conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation. It was analyzed that breast pressure thickness, breast size and body mass index according to the difference between the pre exposure tube voltage and actual exposure tube voltage among the parameters of dose report been sent to the picture archiving communication system with reference to the image with cranio-caudal projection in mammography. As are result, it shows that the thicker the breast thickness, smaller the breast size and lower body mass index, the higher the difference of tube voltage. In conclusion, the minimum tube voltage of mammography machine should be reset in order to set the tube voltage according to breast pressure thickness and breast size that are suitable for our country in mammography, in addition, it was considered that radiologist should make an effort to reduce radiation exposure and make a good quality image with reducing the difference of mammography condition by making a correct exposure condition in case of examining the patients with thin breast pressure and small breast size.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

Recently, forest soil sediment disasters resulting from locally concentrated heavy rainfall have been occurring frequently in steep slope areas. The importance of landslide hazard map is emerging to analyze landslide vulnerable areas. This study was carried out to develop HyGIS-Landslide based on Hydro Geographic Information System in order to analyze forest soil sediment disaster in the mountainous river basin. HyGIS-Landslide is one of HyGIS components designed by considering the landslide hazard criteria of Korea Forest Service. It could show the distribution of landslide hazard areas after calculating the spatial data. In this system, the user could reset the weight of hazard criteria to reflect the regional characteristics of the landslide area. This component provided user interface that could make the latest spatial data available in the area of interest. HyGIS-Landslide could be applied to the surveyor's compensation score and it was possible to reflect the landslide risk exactly through it. Also, it could be used in topographic analysis techniques providing spatial analysis and making topographical parameters in HyGIS. Finally the accuracy could be acquired by calculating the landslide hazard grade map and landslide mapping data. This study applied HyGIS-Landslide at the Gangwon-do province sample site. As a result, HyGIS-Landslide could be applied to a decision support system searching for mountainous disaster risk region; it could be classified more effectively by re-weighting the landslide hazard criteria.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1657-1662
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• 2014

In this paper, the impact of substrate bias($V_{BS}$) on the zero capacitor RAM(Z-RAM) in n-channel junctionless multiple gate MOSFET(MuGFET) has been analyzed experimentally. Junctionless transistors with fin width of 50nm and 1 fin exhibits a memory window of 0.34V and a sensing margin of $1.8{\times}10^4$ at $V_{DS}=3.5V$ and $V_{BS}=0V$. As the positive $V_{BS}$ is applied, the memory window and sensing margin were improved due to an increase of impact ionization. When $V_{BS}$ is increased from 0V to 10V, not only the memory window is increased from 0.34V to 0.96V but also sensing margin is increased slightly. The sensitivity of memory window with different $V_{BS}$ in junctionless transistor was larger than that of inversion-mode transistor. A retention time of junctionless transistor is better than that of inversion-mode transistor due to low Gate Induced Drain Leakage(GIDL) current. To evaluate the device reliability of Z-RAM, the shifts in the Set/Reset voltages and current were measured.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.499-501
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• 2016

In this paper, we suggest an advance method for maintaining a perceived behavior as triangle formation and preventing collision between each other in case of a flying drone. In the existing studies, the collision of the drone is only controlled by using light entered in the camera or the image processing. However, when there is no light, it is difficult to confirm the position of each other and they can collide because this system can not confirm the each other's position. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the system to solve the problems by using the distance and the relative coordinates of the three drones that were determined using the ALPS(Ad hoc network Localized Positioning System) algorithm. This system can be a new algorithm that will prevent collisions between each other during flying the drone object. The proposed algorithm is that we make drones maintaining a determined constant value of the distance between coordinates of each drone and the measured center of the drone of triangle formation. Therefore, if the form of fixed formation is disturbed, they reset the position of the drone so as to keep the distance between each drone and the center coordinates constant. As a result of the simulation, if we use the system where the supposed algorithm is applied, we can expect that it is possible to prevent malfunction or an accident due to collisions by preventing collisions of drones in advanced behavior system.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2018

The Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games is a good example of functionalism in integration theories. President Moon Jae-in is extremely lucky to play host to the Winter Olympics. Moon should be particularly happy to have declared the 23rd Winter Games open, because a handful of North Korean athletes marched into the Pyeongchang Stadium as members of a joint team from "Corea," the result of his strenuous efforts to have the North participate in the world festival of sports on snow and ice. But the president of this divided nation hardly draws envy from other world leaders, as he is faced with the daunting task of accommodating the selfish positions of surrounding powers concerning North Korean nuclear and missile threats. North Korea, a trivial competitor in winter sports, scored big outside the games' sporting arenas by inviting President Moon to summit talks in Pyongyang. As a precondition for a 2018 summit, Pyongyang will first ask for the cessation of the annual joint Korea-US military exercises. President Moon invested a lot in the Olympic delegates from the North. Korea's leader will now have to start a truly difficult game which will require the best of best strategies as well as a great deal of wisdom and tenacity not only to deal with the weapons of mass destruction-toting North Koreans, but also with allies. On the other hand, Moon needs to make the effort to reset domestic politics with tolerance and compromise, so he can better concentrate on the conundrum of North Korean nuclear and missile threats.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

This study aimed at presenting the improvement plan for estimation of the repair and replacement cycle to analyze these current problems by considering the repair and replacement cycle theoretically and examining estimation status of home and abroad, and then drawing implication and problem based on brainstorming and expert opinion. The findings of a study is as follows. First, the problem is, for the domestic, that there is no clear standard of division to the cycle of repair and replacement and the repair and replacement cycle considering capability to deal with the change by construction method, development of the function of material and the number of years of progress is not being applied. That is, an estimation of economical repair and replacement cycle which considers the case that a large scale repair with the level of remodeling is done between 25 years and 35 years is necessary. For estimating the repair and replacement cycle, foreign country is providing this according to the use or the level of function of a building, but it is not the case for the domestic. A characteristic of each building should be reflected and the standard of estimation of the repair and replacement cycle to new construction material or method should be prepared to improve this. In addition, the method of classification of the subject item for the repair and replacement is necessary to be reorganized to be able to apply the standard of initial construction item of a building. Also, it is considered that a service standard which can reset the repair and replacement cycle based on status of a building with escape from the existing definite setup of the repair and replacement cycle through the management of background data of the repair and replacement is going to be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.168-174
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• 2014

Objectives Sensory gating dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been investigated through two similar methods ; P50 suppression and prepulse inhibition paradigms. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the two measures are not correlated but rather constitute as distinct neural processes. Recent studies adopting spectral frequency analysis suggest that P50 suppression reflects the interaction between gamma and other frequency bands. The aim of the present study is to investigate which frequency component shows more significant interaction with gamma band. Methods A total of 108 mood disorder patients and 36 normal subjects were included in the study. The P50 responses to conditioning and test stimuli with an intra-pair interval of 500 msec were measured in the study population. According to P50 ratio (amplitude to the test stimulus/amplitude to the conditioning stimulus), the subjects with P50 ratio less than 0.2 were defined as suppressed group (SG) ; non-suppressed group (NSG) consisted of P50 ratio more than 0.8. Thirty-five and 25 subjects were included in SG and NSG, respectively. Point-to-point correlation coefficients (PPCCs) of both groups were calculated between two time-windows : the first window (S1) was defined as the time-window of one hundred millisecond after the conditioning auditory stimulus and the second window (S2) was defined as the time-window of 100 msec after the test auditory stimulus. Spectral frequency analysis was performed to investigate which frequency band results in the difference of PPCC between SG and NSG. Results Significant reduction of PPCC between S1 and S2 was observed in the SG (Pearson's r = 0.24), compared to PPCC of the NSG (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). In spectral frequency analysis, gamma band showed "phase-reset" and similar responses after the two auditory stimuli in suppressed and non-suppressed group. However in the case of alpha band, comparison showed significantly low PPCC in SG (r = -0.14) compared to NSG (r = 0.36, p < 0.05). This may be reflecting "phase-out" of alpha band against gamma band at approximately 50 msecs after the test stimulus in the SG. Conclusions Our study suggests that normal P50 suppression is caused by phase-out of alpha band against gamma band after the second auditory stimulus. Thus it is demonstrated that normal sensory gating process is constituted with attenuated alpha power, superimposed on consistent gamma response. Implications of preserved gamma and decreased alpha band in sensory gating function are discussed.