• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

Purpose : As the number of patients with systemic diseases is increasing in the old, the relevance of oral health is gaining particular research interest. To provide fundamental resources for dental services, this study examined the relationship between doctors' diagnoses of circulatory diseases and patients' awareness of oral health and oral care behaviors. Methods : SPSS 26.0 was used to assess various variables, including doctor's diagnosis of circulatory diseases, gender, age, household income quintile, participation in economic activity, marital status, subjective level of oral health awareness, mastication discomfort, speaking and chewing discomfort, dental inspection, use of oral care goods, teeth brushing during the previous day, and untreated oral conditions. Results : The circulatory diseases suffered by the subjects were as follows: 56 % high blood pressure, 36 % dyslipidemia, 6 % stroke, and 8 % myocardial infarction or angina. A higher age meant a higher diagnosis rate of high blood pressure (p<.001) and stroke (p<.001). Those with dyslipidemia showed a higher rate of receiving oral inspection (p=.040), and an untreated oral condition was more frequently observed among those not diagnosed with the disease (p=.035). The subjects who were not diagnosed with stroke showed a higher rate of oral inspection (p<.001), while those who had a prior experience of stroke suffered a higher rate of mastication discomfort (p=.020). People who had high blood pressure showed a lower rate of using oral care goods (p<.001), and those diagnosed with stroke showed a lower rate of brushing teeth the previous day. Conclusion : This study found a correlation between the diagnosis of circulatory diseases and the awareness of oral health and oral care behavior. Consequently, oral health education should be included in mental health-related education, and customized training to teach teeth brushing and the use of oral care goods should be provided to patients with circulatory diseases during dentist visits.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.315-326
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• 2019

This study is a review of research articles on the characteristics of probiotics. Probiotics are effective at ameliorating immune disease, alleviating glucose intolerance, and improving constipation and diarrhea. Furthermore, they have anticancer and antitumor effects, preventive effects against cardiovascular disease, antidiabetic effects, antioxidant effects, antibacterial effects, and they produce useful metabolites. It has been demonstrated that oral probiotics are effective in eliminating halitosis and forming a favorable oral ecosystem, by creating an environment that is not readily inhabited by harmful bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, which produces lactic acid and causes tooth decay, or Porphyromonas gingivalis, which causes gum disease.As a result, oral probiotics are being considered not only as therapeutics against diseases, but also as preventive agents for the maintenance of a healthy oral balance. In spite of some limitations, clinical trials are currently underway, and this study can provide evidence to support the use of probiotics to improve oral health conditions, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and Candida colonization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

Purpose : In this study, to prove the antibacterial effect of Disocorea batatas, which is widely used for food, and to confirm the growth inhibitory effect, the antibacterial activity against L. gasseri, S. mutans, and P. gingivalis was verified. Based on this, it is intended to verify the utility as a preventive and therapeutic composition for dental caries and periodontal disease. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were used to verify the cell survival rate and NO (Nitric Oxide) inhibitory effect on Disocorea batatas ethanol extract (DBEE). In order to verify the antibacterial effect against L. gasseri, S. mutans, and P. gingivalis, concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 ㎎/㎖ of DBEE were used and measured by the disk diffusion method. In order to confirm the growth inhibitory effect, the absorbance was measured at 600 ㎚ at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours using the liquid medium dilution method, and the growth inhibitory effect was measured compared to the control group. Results : The cell viability for DBEE was 91 % at 50 ㎎/㎖, and there was no cytotoxicity. The NO production inhibitory effect was shown from 10 ㎍/ml, and the higher the concentration, the greater the inhibitory effect. As for the antimicrobial effect using the disk diffusion method, the higher the concentration, the higher the antibacterial effect. At 125 ㎎/㎖ and 250 ㎎/㎖, S. mutans and L. gasseri showed high antimicrobial activity, and at 500 ㎎/㎖, the antibacterial effect was higher in L. gasseri. The growth inhibitory effect in DBEE was concentration-dependent as the higher the concentration, the higher the growth inhibitory effect, and all of them began to show growth inhibitory effects from 6 hours. Conclusion : Considering that it is widely used as an edible and medicinal material, Disocorea batatas has shown the potential to be used as a substance to prevent and alleviate dental caries and periodontal diseases, and it is believed that further research can be applied to oral health care products.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

The study was implemented the convergence research on oral health beliefs G area S university convergence course. The final analysis of 168 students agreed to research purpose and method was conducted from March 26 to June 11, 2018. The benefits was highest at 3.99 points, and the severity was lowest at 2.01 about oral health belief. The t-test and ANOVA outcome about oral health improvement behavior and oral health belief were dental clinic visit was benefits and importance, scaling experience was sensitivity, benefits and importance, use of auxiliary oral care products was importance to be statistically significant. The imported oral health beliefs for oral health improve and a variety of programs for oral health education need to be developed within university to learn knowledge of oral health behavior and attitude changed for correct oral health beliefs.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

Purpose: The use of appropriate instruments to clean surfaces with minimal change, is critical for the successful maintenance of a dental implant. However, there is no consensus about the type and methodology for such instruments. The aim of this study was to characterize changes in the roughness of titanium surfaces treated by various scaling instruments. Methods: Thirty-seven identical disks (5 mm in diameter) were investigated in this study. The specimens were divided into eight groups according to the types of instrumentation and the angle of application. Ultrasonic scaling systems were applied on a titanium disk to simulate standard clinical conditions. The equipment included a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a newly developed metallic tip (NS group), a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (CS group), a piezoelectric root planer ultrasonic scaler with a conventional tip (PR group), and a plastic hand curette (PH group). In addition, the sites treated using piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler systems were divided two sub-groups: 15 and 45 degrees. The treated titanium surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the average surface roughness (Ra) and mean roughness profile depth (Rz) were measured with a profilometer. Results: SEM no significant changes in the titanium surfaces in the NS group, regardless of the angle of application. The PH group also showed no marked changes to the titanium surface, although some smoothening was observed. All CS and PR sites lost their original texture and showed irregular surfaces in SEM analysis. The profilometer analysis demonstrated that the roughness values (Ra and Rz) of the titanium surfaces increased in all, except the PH and NS groups, which showed roughness decreases relative to the untreated control group. The Ra value differed significantly between the NS and PR groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that changes in or damage to titanium surfaces might be more affected by the hardness of the scaler tip than by the application method. Within the limitations of this study, the newly developed metallic scaler tip might be especially suitable for peri-implant surface decontamination, due to its limited effects on the titanium surface.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.659-665
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• 2015

A wide variety of methods have been used to control Dental Unit Waterline (DUWL) contamination. Among the methods, flushing is mainly used because it is simple and easy to use. Generally, flushing of DUWL for 20 or 30 sec before using high speed handpieces or scalers is recommended. However, the appropriateness of flushing time was not investigated thoroughly. The purpose of this study was to check the effective time of flushing for decreasing bacterial contamination. Seven dental unit chairs were randomly selected in student clinical simulation laboratory for this experiment. DUWLs were continuously flushed and water samples were collected at an interval of 30 seconds for 15 minutes. From five dental unit chairs, water samples were collected every 10 seconds for 1 minute. Bacterial levels in water samples were examined by the culture method on R2A plates. After 10 second flushing of DUWLs, the number of bacteria significantly reduced and decreased continuously up to 40 seconds. However, even after the water was flushed for 15 minutes, the bacterial contamination level was not reduced below recommended bacteria level, 200 CFU/ml. In addition to flushing, the periodic chemical disinfection is required to control the DUWL water to the recommended level.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.401-420
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22)has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase)-containing mouthwash in human experimental gingivitis. This 3-week clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, subjects were scored for plaque(Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and plaque severity index), gingivitis($L{\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and at baseline and 3 weeks of experiment, subjects were scored for plaque(Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index and plaque severity index), tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice dailywithout toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 week of experiment. During 3 weeks' period, the dextranase group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation of Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index, compared to the chlorhexidine and placebo groups, but chlorhexidine group showed the least increase inplaque accumulation of Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 3 weeks of experiment. The dextranase group also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the chlorhexidine as well as the placebo groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the chlorhexidine group, compared to the baseline score and the placebo group since 3 weeks of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 3 weeks in the dextranase group, still less severe than the chlorhexidine group. As for the oral side effect, the dextranase group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the chlorhexidine group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashin inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, in human experimental gingivitis. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.371-388
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.363-369
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• 2009

Erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) are T-cell mediated inflammatory immune disorders. It was investigated mRNA expression pattern of several regulatory factors, such as, CD28, CD45, CD152, CD154, CD279, which influence T lymphocyte in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) of EOLP and RAS patients. It was collected unstimulated whole saliva during 10 minute in EOLP 18 people, RAS patients 12 people, healthy control 8 people. We investigated mRNA expression of T lymphocyte regulatory factors, such as, CD28, CD45, CD152, CD154, CD279, with real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In EOLP group, CD45, CD279 expressed higher and CD154 expressed lower than control. In RAS, CD45, CD270 expressed higher and CD28, CD154 expressed lower than control. In addition CD152 salivary mRNA expression of EOLP is higher than that of RAS. The above results were suggested that the mRNA expression of T lymphocyte regulatory factors in unstimulated whole saliva of EOLP and RAS contributes to diagnosis of diseases.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

Microstomia can be occurred as a result of direct injury to tissues such as chemical, thermal and electrical burns, and animal bites. It also may be secondary to contracture of burned perioral skin, or may result from scarring after reconstructive lip surgery. Narrowing of the oral aperture is not only disfiguring, but also limiting the oral access needed for introduction of food, insertion of dentures, oral hygiene, and dental treatment. Limited mouth opening may also interfere with mastication and speech. Few reports exist regarding correction of microstomia and reconstruction of the corners of the mouth. A 16-year-old girl with a bilateral cleft lip and palate presented with the limited mouth opening (approximately 20 mm), the esthetic problem due to the small lip, and the cleft lip-nasal deformity. The microstomia was corrected by bilateral commissuroplasty using "over and out" buccal mucosa flaps proposed by Converse. The intercommissure distance was increased from the preoperative 40 mm to the postoperative 60 mm. The one-year postoperative intercommissure distance was 54 mm, because the 6 mm relapse was occurred. The bilateral commissuroplasty using "over and out" buccal mucosa flap could increase the width and general size of the oral aperture and improve the lip appearance.