• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 1999

This study attempts to encourage the development of a rehabilitation delivery system as a substitute service for hospitalization such as a community based intermediate facility or home health care. We need substitute services for hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients due to car accidents. It focused on developing an estimation for early discharge based on a detailed statement of treatment from medical records of 109 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has three specific purposes: First, to find the mean length of stay and mean medical expenditure. Second, to estimate the mean of early discharge from the mean length of stay. Third, to analyize the income effect per bed from early discharge. In order to analyze the length of stay and medical expenditure of inpatients the author conducted a micro and macro-analysis with medical expenditure records. To estimate the early discharge we examined with a group of 4 experts decreases in the amount of treatment after surgery, in treatments, in tests, in drug methods. We also looked their vital signs, the start of ROM exercise, the time removel, a patient's visitations, and possible stable conditions. In addition to identifing the income effect due to an early discharge, the data was analyzed by an SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program with a regression analysis model. The research findings are as follows: First, the mean length of stay was 47.56 days, but the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 32.26 days. The estimation of early discharge days was shown to depend on the length of stay. The longer the length of stay, the longer the length before discharge. For example, if the patient stayed under 14 days the mean length of stay was 7.09 while an early discharge was 6.39, whereas if the mean length of stay was 155.73, the early discharge time was 107.43. The mean medical expenditure per day of car accident patients was found to be 169,085 Won, whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown to be in a negative linear form according to the length of stay. That is the mean expenditure for under 14 days of stay was 303,015 Won and the period of the hospitalization of 15 days to 29 days was 170,338 Won and those of 30 days to 59 days was 113,333 Won. The estimation of the income effect due to being discharged 16 days was around 2,350,000 Won with a regression analysis model. However, this does not show the real benefits from an early discharge, but only the income increasing amount without considering prime medical cost at a general hospital. Therefore, we need further analysis on cost containments and benefits incending turn over rates and medical prime costs. From these research findings, the following suggestions have been drawn, we need to develop strategies on a rehabilitation delivery system focused on consumers for the 21st century. Varions intermediate facilities and home health care should be developed in the community as a substitute for shortening the length of stay in hospitals. In home health care cases, patients who want rehabilitation services as a substitute for hospitalization in cooperation with private health insurance companies might be available immediately.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2011

This study is on the development of a System Dynamics Model for business feasibility analysis of an apartment house development project. In this study, we analyzed other apartment development projects and research projects, and identified the cash flow items, which consist of revenue and expenditure items. In addition, we made efforts to find the influence relationship among these using the system thinking method and developed a system dynamics model. In order to test the model, a case study was conducted in which it was applied to an apartment development project. Vensim, a System Dynamics Modeling and simulation software package was used to analyze and test the model. The model suggested in this study can help a developer to make decisions on project financing at the initial stage of an apartment house development project.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.45-61
• /
• 1999

A rapid growth of science parks worldwide since 1980s is caused by both the widespread perception that technological innovation is the essential element for the economic development and the notified cases of successful high technology cluster like Silicon Valley. Analyzed in terms of R & D employment and expenditure, new product launches, patent registration, qualifications of the founder, self-rated technological level and the like, the technological level of the science parks in the U.K. reveals very high. While nealy half of the firms on the science parks are represented to be formally linked with universities, the use of the library is referred most frequently among the types of the linkages. R & D links such as contract research, sponsored research, test and analysis were rarely mentioned. Summing up, science parks play an important role for the development of high-tech industries with superior technological characteristics. But in reatlity, there remains so much difference among the individual parks and their location. In addition the individual parks and their location. In addition, institutionalization of the technology transfer with univeristies that only when the science parks are based on the innovative environment they can be successful in the capability of the technological innovation.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2017

There has been a pronounced increase in research and development (R&D) expenditure in Singapore over the last two decades, with government spending accounting for a sizeable share. This increase has been spurred by public policy emphasis on research and innovation as engines of economic growth. This paper analyses the impact of R&D on economic performance in Singapore from 1978 to 2012 through the use of time series analysis. The Cobb-Douglas based analysis shows a long-run equilibrium relationship between Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and R&D investments. We found that the short-run productivity of R&D in Singapore is comparable to smaller advanced economies in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). However, in terms of long-run R&D productivity, Singapore lags slightly behind the smaller OECD nations and far behind the G7 countries. This suggests leakage of value capture and low absorptive capacity in local firms. Possibility of productivity improvements induced by policy changes in the 1990s was considered, but no evidence of significant structural breaks was found. Lastly, Granger causality analysis reveals that public sector R&D augments private sector R&D capital, thus playing an important role in generating externalities and spillover effects. Policy implications and lessons for other middle-income countries are discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 2011

The purposes of this study were to identify the economic impacts of hosting a marine leisure event and thus provide fundamental information that helps maximize the economic value of the event. In order to accomplish such purposes, this study employed both an economic impact analysis(EIA) using regional input output model and a benefit and cost ratio analysis(BCR). In specific, this study utilized a survey method with a total of 300 event visitors and 70 foreign players and thus collected expenditure data from 110 valid out of town visitors and 58 foreign players. In addition, investment expenditure data were collected from the host city official. Accordingly, EIA and BCR indicated following findings. First, the total direct impact from both visitors and players was 387 million Won and this direct impact resulted in output multiplier effect(OME) of 591 million Won, value added multiplier effect(VAME) of 306 million Won and income multiplier effect(IME) of 252 million Won. Second, the host city's investment expenditure created OME, VAME and IME of 825, 432 and 366 million Won, respectively. In conclusion, these findings suggest that in order to effectively boost potential economic benefits, more marketing efforts development policies should be implemented for increasing the number of out of town visitors and the amount of spendings from them.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.329-340
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze on the economic life and financial state of rural inhabitants in case study 4 villages by questionnaire interview. To analyze the economic life of rural inhabitants, the data were collected from 191households and the SPSSWIN / ver12.0 was used for analyzing them. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) Most of them earned living expenditure themselves, over 15% inhabitants lived with their children supports. 2) Over 70% of them couldn't save at all, over 40% of them had debts except inhabitants in plain area. 3) The financial condition of rural inhabitants is very unstable, for the small and irregular agricultural income. Moreover, the ratio of national pensioner and payer are very low. 4) The present economic life compared with 10year ago and future prospect are pessimistic. And the elder household have much financial problems, they live in poor and inferior surroundings. According to the results of research, the policy on support and assistance for economic life of rural inhabitants must be enlarged and enforced, and the financial program and education for them must be carried out nationwide and systematically.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2010

Numerical prediction of propeller performance plays an important role in a marine propeller design process. Program developers are consistently trying to improve diminish predicted errors, and program users need to keep up with the latest ones with minimum expenditure of time and money. We have developed an internet based design system in which clients can design propellers with remote access. In this paper, optimized Internet based Propeller Design and Analysis System (iProDAS) for transferences of the massive data is presented, and a sample design using iProDAS is examined.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a dietary reference intake (DRI) predictive equation for estimated energy requirements (EER) in female college tennis athletes and non-athlete students using doubly labeled water (DLW) as a reference method. MATERIALS/METHODS: Fifteen female college students, including eight tennis athletes and seven non-athlete subjects (aged between 19 to 24 years), were involved in the study. Subjects' total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the DLW method, and EER were calculated using the DRI predictive equation. The accuracy of this equation was assessed by comparing the EER calculated using the DRI predictive equation ($EER_{DRI}$) and TEE measured by the DLW method ($TEE_{DLW}$) based on calculation of percentage difference mean and percentage of accurate prediction. The agreement between the two methods was assessed by the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: The percentage difference mean between the methods was -1.1% in athletes and 1.8% in non-athlete subjects, whereas the percentage of accurate prediction was 37.5% and 85.7%, respectively. In the case of athletic subjects, the DRI predictive equation showed a clear bias negatively proportional to the subjects' TEE. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest that the DRI predictive equation could be used to obtain EER in non-athlete female college students at a group level. However, this equation would be difficult to use in the case of athletes at the group and individual levels. The development of a new and more appropriate equation for the prediction of energy expenditure in athletes is proposed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.44
• /
• pp.257-261
• /
• 1997

Patents often serve as leading indicators of technological change. This patenting activity reflected R&D (Research & Development) of new technology. The purpose of this study is to set up a forecasting model that anticipate the number of domestic patent applications and the number of patents granted relating to R&D inputs (R&D expenditure, R&D manpower) at the level of three industrial sectors in Korea : electrical-electronic, machinery, chemical etc. In this study, forecasting models were used trend extrapolation and a set of regressions. Both Theil's inequality coefficient and MAE(Mean Absolute Error) were utilized to test the precision of predicted value. The patent data and the R&D data were based on Indicators of Industrial Technology data throught 1980 to 1996. The major results obtained in this study are as follows (1) The regression model is more useful for forecasting the trends of the number of patent applications and patents granted than the trend extrapolation method. (2) The variance of Theil's inequality is smaller in patent applications than in patent granted.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The study was aimed to review and understand the meaning of cancer cachexia. Methods: Using the keywords "cachexia" and "cancer cachexia" 30 oncology research published from 1974 to 2009 were selected for the review. Results: The mechanism of cancer cachexia has not been fully understood, but various pathogenesis appears to be involved in the development cachexia including altered metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein associated with cytokines and hormone. As a result, muscle strength, food intake and resting energy expenditure (REE) are reduced. Most medications for the treatment of cachexia show debating results except some drugs such as megace. Supportive care including nutritional education, nursing care, and social support are found another effective treatment options. Conclusion: The results of this study would help oncology nurses to understand the mechanism of cancer cachexia and its management.