• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

It is central to use a scale to measure a person's level of a construct in mathematics education research. This article explains a practical process through which a researcher rapidly can develop an instrument to measure the construct. The process includes research questioning, reviewing the literature, framing a background theory, treating the data, and reviewing the instrument. The statistical treatment of data includes normality analysis, item-total correlation analysis, reliability analysis, and factor analysis. A virtual example is given for better understanding of the process.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

In this research, a retrofitting process, which consists of a pretreatment system (coagulation) for dye wastewater combined with a biological nutrient system (MLE process using media), for a sewage treatment plant that has to treat dye wastewater efficiently with domestic wastewater were developed and a pilot plant was operated for verifying adoptability and performance of the developed advanced process for dye wastewater. From the results of the pilot plant operation, BOD 52.9%, $COD_{Cr}$ 55.9%, and color 71.3% were removed in pretreatment of coagulation process and the biodegradability of dye wastewater was improved to $0.32{\sim}0.59BOD/COD_{Cr}$ of the coagulated wastewater from $0.29{\sim}0.43BOD/COD_{Cr}$ of the raw dye wastewater. The final effluent concentrations were BOD of 8 mg/L, $COD_{Cr}$ of 43 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ of 18 mg/L, T-N of 8 mg/L, and T-P of 1.3 mg/L, respectively. Color was removed from 1655 to 468 unit by coagulation and then to 123 unit by MLE process. The HPLC analysis of aromatic amines in wastewater showed that decolorization was achieved by cometabolism while aromatic amines were produced by cleavage of azo bonds under anaerobic conditions and these products were removed in an aerobic tank subsequently. Nitrification rates of attached and suspended microorganisms were evaluated comparatively and the acclimating conditions of bacteria on media were validated by the scanning electron microscope.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.11-11
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• 2005

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.587-588
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• 2005

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.795-796
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• 2005

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.193-200
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• 2006

Any design process is interwoven with numerous intermediate design representations and information. On the other hand, designers proceed the design through various activities. It has always been a difficult task to model the design process, yet there are many significant research outputs that explain the design process through the cognitive approaches. This research started from the necessity of an interactive system which externalize the elements of design process in a visual or tangible manner. In order to do so, a design model, specifically a design process representation model was necessary to capture and represent design process. Several concepts such as design issue, design concept, and design form were defined through the empirical studies of design practices. The assumption is that the design process can be effectively captured by the presented system and it can help both designers and tutors review and analyze the design process. It should also help novice designers learn from expert designer's design process patterns. The system represents design process pattern in a interactive graphic environment. It also provides various useful features to enhance the analysis of design process. This paper presents theoretical groundwork and development process of the design process visualizer. The representation model is presented, and the application of the system is reviewed. Discussions on the further development directions include critical evaluation of the system.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1999

Optimal lyophilization process was developed for manufacturing the dried product of Lactobacillus acidophilus with high cell viability. Three major factors, freezing rate, specific surface area of samples, and stabilizer type and their synergy were shown to play a crucial role in the development of an effective lyophilization process. Finally we found an optimal combination among three process parameters mentioned above; an exceptionally high cell survival percentage of 90% was achieved using the 8.28 cm-1 specific surface area of samples, slow freezing rate, and a stabilizer composition of 4% skim milk +1% glycerol +0.1% calcium chloride.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

The risk assessment of thermal hazard to identify chemical or process hazard during early process developments have been considered. The early identification of thermal hazards associated with a process, such as rapid heats of reaction, exothermic decompositions, and the potential for thermal runaways before any large scale operations are undertaken. This paper presents to evaluate the safe operating parameters/envelope for exist plant operations. The assessment of thermal hazard with operating conditions such as amount of process materials, inhibitor, and catalyst on esterification process in manufacture of concrete mixture agents are described. The experiments were performed by a sort of calorimetry with the Multimax reactor system as a screening tool. The aim of the study was to evaluate the thermal risk of process material and mixture in terms of safety security to be practical applications in esterification process. It suggested that we should provide the thermal hazard of reaction materials to present safe operating conditions with cause of accident through this study.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2011

Starting with 21st Century, the role of the design has been widened and designers began to regard the psychological and behavioral factors as main design considerations. These factors are the core elements especially in designing interactive space. This research proposed the user-centered design methodology for interactive space. It developed Programming Process for Supporting Interactive Behaviors. To compose the process, this research analyzed the influential factors on the interactivity and the results were applied on the process. This newly proposed Programming Process contains four basic stages which are 'Opportunity Identification Cell', 'Intersubject Cell', 'Interaction & Interface Cell', and 'Programming Solution Cell'. More detailed tasks are also specified for each stage. This research asserts that the design process for Interactive space should differ from the past design processes in the fact that it puts much more attention on systemizing the psychological and behavioral elements than before. Therefore the design process for Interactive space should be reinforced with the data related to these psychological and behavioral understandings. The Programming Process of this paper is an attempt to enlarge the roles of these data in designing interactive space, and thus it is an attempt to accommodate the contemporary user-centered design paradigm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4108-4122
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• 2019

Workflow process mining is becoming a more and more valuable activity in workflow-supported enterprises, and through which it is possible to achieve the high levels of qualitative business goals in terms of improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the workflow-supported information systems, increasing their operational performances, reducing their completion times with minimizing redundancy times, and saving their managerial costs. One of the critical challenges in the workflow process mining activity is to devise a reasonable approach to discover and recognize the bottleneck points of workflow process models from their enactment event histories. We have intuitively realized the fact that the iterative process pattern of redo-activities ought to have the high possibility of becoming a bottleneck point of a workflow process model. Hence, we, in this paper, propose an algorithmic approach and its implementation to discover the redo-activities and their performers' involvements patterns from workflow process enactment event logs. Additionally, we carry out a series of experimental analyses by applying the implemented algorithm to four datasets of workflow process enactment event logs released from the BPI Challenges. Finally, those discovered redo-activities and their performers' involvements patterns are visualized in a graphical form of information control nets as well as a tabular form of the involvement percentages, respectively.