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Conceptual Model for Women s Health (여성건강을 위한 개념적 모형)

  • 이경혜
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.933-942
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    • 1997
  • There has recently been an increased interest in women's health from, various disciplines, with different perspectives presented according to each profession's academic background. This has led to many instances of incorrectly defining, or misinterpretation, of the issues even among professionals. Nurse scholars as well as practitioners who work in women's health care need to have a clear conceptual understanding of women's health in order to build a body of knowledge, delineate curricular activities, and set directions for professional nursing interventions. In addition, a conceptual model that may be directly utilized in practice is needed to maintain and promote women's health issues. The purpose of this study was to apply a Hybrid model, analyzing conceptual definitions and discussions related to women's health gathered from review of the literature. Further to compare analyticals the concepts and properties observed from field work, so as to present a final definition of women's health and, build a conceptual framework for a united comprehensive perspective on the concept as well as on nursing practice. Data collection and analysis consisted of a theoretical stage, field work stage, and final analysis. A heterogeneous group of professionals and lay persons, 39 in all, participated in the field work. Study findings Include several subconcepts under the concept of women's health : a woman's whole life, holistic health, quality of life, awareness of being a woman, individual nursing, self care ability, reproductive health, and family health. Thus, a comprehensive definition was built, 1. e., "Women's health care be defined as improvement in the quality of life of women through attainment of holistic health throughout the life span. With reproductive health at the core, the concept is directly related to family and national health, and includes taking care of one's own health based on awareness of being a woman and utilizing self care activities. Women's health care issues are unique and allow various responses, therefore women's health professionals need to apply individual approaches to reach solutions in attaining holistic health and improving quality of life." The constructual factors of women's health were found to be reproductive functions, diseases more common in woman, self actualization, mental health, women's health policies, sexuality, midlife changes, and marital relations, with each factor having more than three properties. Positive factors affecting women's health were found to be a normal childbearing process, a healthy lifestyle, active health management, health information, support, and resources, and interpersonal relationships. Negative factors were found to be overwhelming role stress, cultural oppression, gender inequality, distorted sexual identity, economic difficulties, misuse and/or abuse of substances, and stress. The model of women's health may be visualized as a balance scale set upon a woman's life, supporting 4 concentric circles. The innermost circle and second circle incorporate conceptual definitions of women's health, and the outer two circles represent the constructional factors and properties of women's health. Each circle has its own color that symbolizes the conceptual meaning. Positive and negative factors are represented as weights at either end of the scale, and are affected by nursing intervention, i. e., health and wellness increase when positive factors are stronger, whereas disease and illness increase when negative factors are stronger. This model is only a preliminary effort and requires much discussion and testing to be further developed. Continuous research is also required.

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Effects of Low-intensity Exercise on Functional Ability in Hospitalized Elderly (저강도 운동프로그램이 입원노인의 일상활동 기능회복에 미치는 영향)

  • ;;;;Beverly L. Roberts
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.807-819
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of a 12-week low-intensity exercise program on muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cognitive characteristics related to the performance of activity of daily living(ADL). A total of 16 patients who were admitted to the medical unit of a general hospital in ChoongChung province were recruited, eight for the exercise group and eight for the comparison group. Four levels of low-intensity exercise from 'ROM on bed' to 'exercise while walking' were then applied to the exercise group according to their physical condition. During hospitalization, patients in the exercise group performed each level of the prescribed exercise with the researchers until they felt comfortable doing it independently. The researchers also visited the patients' homes after discharge to make sure they could perform the exercise with Theraband in their living environment. The exercise group was contacted by phone once a week to assess the frequency and intensity in which they performed the exercise as well as their physical condition. The subjects in the comparison group participated in measurements for the study without performing the exercise and were contacted by phone after discharge, in a matched time frame with the exercise group, to assess physical condition. Muscle strength, flexibility, balance, cognitive characteristics, and performance of ADL for the two groups were compared at the pretest and the posttest after the low-intensity exercise program by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows : 1) At the postest, measurements of muscle strengths showed that the strength of the dorsal flexor in the exercise group was significantly higher than in the comparison group. 2) Objective balance for the exercise group was significantly better than for the comparison group as measured by 'standing on one foot' and Tinetti gait and balance control. 3) The exercise group showed significantly higher task self-efficacy than the comparison group. 4) Perceived exertion for ADL for the exercise group was significantly lower than for the comparison group. 5) Improvement of performance of ADL without assistance was significantly higher for the exercise group than the comparison group. The findings suggest that a low-intensity exercise program would be useful for the elderly who show decline in their physical functioning due to hospitalization by partly improving physical strength, task self-efficacy, and performance of ADL. Directions for further research on issues of motivating people to exercise as well as of standardizing various types of exercise were discussed.

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Developing Experimental Method of Real-time Data Transfer and Imaging using Astronomical Observations for Scientific Inquiry Activities (과학탐구활동을 위한 천문 관측 자료의 실시간 전송 및 영상 구현 실험 방법 개발)

  • Kim, Soon-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.183-199
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    • 2012
  • Previous Earth Science textbooks have mostly lacked the latest astronomical phenomena frequently being reported in mass media such as popular science magazines. One of the main directions in the revision of the 2009 National Curriculum of Korea is to actively include those phenomena. Furthermore, despite a close link between astronomy and physics, the concept of modern physics has not been actively introduced in Earth Science textbooks and at the same time the linkage of physics to astronomy has rarely been studies in physics textbooks. Therefore, the concept of integration among different fields in science is emphasized in the new National Curriculum. Transient phenomena in the high energy astrophysical objects are examples that reflect such issue. The purpose of this study is to introduce transferring a real-time data and making imaging of astronomical observations using e-Science. As a first step, we performed the first experiment for a large data transfer of astronomical observation between Korea and Japan using KOREN, a National Research and Education Test Network. We introduce actively on-going fields of e-Science in observational activities of astronomy and astrophysics, and their close interrelationship with scientific inquiry activities and public outreach activities. We discuss our experiment in the scientific and educational aspects to the primitive e-Science activity in the Korean astronomical society and, in turn, provide a prospective view for its application to the scientific inquiry activities and public outreach activities in the upcoming commercial Gbps-level internet environments.

TENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF ALUNMINA CORE TREATED BY ION ASSISTED REACTION (이온보조반응법으로 처리한 알루미나 코아의 인장결합강도에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Seob;Woo, Yi-Hyung;Kwon, Kung-Rock;Choi, Boo-Byung;Choi, Won-Kook
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.704-723
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    • 2000
  • This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of In-Ceram alumina core treat-ed by ion assisted reaction(IAR). Ion assisted reaction is a prospective surface modification technique without damage by a keV low energy ion beam irradiation in reactive gas environments or reactive ion itself. 120 In-Ceram specimens were fabricated according to manufacturer's directions and divided into six groups by surface treatment methods of In-Ceram alumina core. SD group(control group): sandblasting SL group: sandblasting + silane treatment SC group: sandblasting + Siloc treatment IAR I group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with argon ion and oxygen gas IAR II group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion and oxygen gas IAR III group: sandblasting + Ion assisted reaction with oxygen ion only For measuring of tensile bond strength, pairs of specimens within a group were bonded with Panavia 21 resin cement using special device secured that the film thickness was $80{\mu}m$. The results of tensile strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS release version 8.0 programs. Physical change like surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core treated by ion assistad reaction was evaluated by Contact Angle Measurement, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy; chemical surface change was evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The results as follows: 1. In tensile bond strength, there were no statistically significant differences with SC group, IAR groups and SL group except control group(P<0.05). 2. Contact angle measurement showed that wettability of In-Ceram alumina core was enhanced after IAR treatment. 3. SEM and AFM showed that surface roughness of In-Ceram alumina core was not changed after IAR treatment. 4. XPS showed that IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core was enabled to create a new functional layer. A keV IAR treatment of In-Ceram alumina core could enhanced tensile bond strength with resin cement. In the future, this ion assisted reaction may be used effectively in various dental materials as well as in In-Ceram to promote the bond strength to natural tooth structure.

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Construction of voxel head phantom and application to BNCT dose calculation (Voxel 머리팬텀 제작 및 붕소중성자포획요법 선량계산에의 응용)

  • Lee, Choon-Sik;Lee, Choon-Ik;Lee, Jai-Ki
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.93-99
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    • 2001
  • Voxel head phantom for overcoming the limitation of mathematical phantom in depleting anatomical details was constructed and example dose calculation for BNCT was performed. The repeated structure algorithm of the general purpose Monte Carlo code, MCNP4B was applied for yokel Monte Carlo calculation. Simple binary yokel phantom and combinatorial geometry phantom composed of two materials were constructed for validating the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system. The tomographic images of VHP man provided by NLM(National Library of Medicine) were segmented and indexed to construct yokel head phantom. Comparison of doses for broad parallel gamma and neutron beams in AP and PA directions showed decrease of brain dose due to the attenuation of neutron in eye balls in case of yokel head phantom. The spherical tumor volume with diameter, 5cm was defined in the center of brain for BNCT dose calculation in which accurate 3 dimensional dose calculation is essential. As a result of BNCT dose calculation for downward neutron beam of 10keV and 40keV, the tumor dose is about doubled when boron concentration ratio between the tumor to the normal tissue is $30{\mu}g/g$ to $3{\mu}g/g$. This study established the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system and suggested the feasibility of precise dose calculation in therapeutic radiology.

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An Analysis and Survey on the Experimental and Practical Science Education of High School in Korea (현행 중등학교 과학 실험.실습 교육 실태 조사 및 그 운영 진단(II)- 고등학교 과학 실험.실습 교육을 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Yoon-Jong;Oh, Chul-Han;Ki, U-Hang;Kim, Young-Ho;Chung, Won-Woo;Yang, Seong-Young;Kang, Yong-Hee;Ahn, Byung-Ho;Lim, Seong-Kyu;Yoon, Ill-Hee;Kwon, Yong-Ju;Jeon, Myong-Nam;Kim, Joong-Wook
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.383-398
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    • 1998
  • This study was accomplished to analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of high school in korea for the consecutive study of the an analysis and survey on the experimental and practical science education of middle school in korea(Lee, Yoon-Jong et aI., 1997). The status of facilities, management for the experiment, practices, teaching methods in high schools have been investigated. The present status and reasonable management of the high school science education have been grasped from the questionaires. To do this 165 high school science teachers, 1977 students and 80 principals of high schools in Korea are administered questionaires of Science Education Research Institute of Kyungpook National University(I997). The results of this study are as follows : The reasonable management for experiments and practices of science education were scanty in the high school around the urban and rural school owing to the shortage of facilities and equipments, crowded class, excessive class works for teacher, excessive contents of present textbooks and insufficiency of the administrative supports etc. The current teaching method of high school science has emphasized knowledge. This fact does not satisfy the objective of learning due to lack of the teaching method. Desirable directions for the improvement of present status of high school science education were proposed in this paper.

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An Effect of Sex education for Knwledge and Attitude toward Sex in Elementary School Students (성교육이 초등학생의 성에 대한 지식과 태도에 미치는효과)

  • Kim Yeong-Hee;Lee Myung-Hwa
    • The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.255-275
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to find out the effect of sexual education for knowledge and attitude toward sex are elementary school students. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the changes of the knowledge are the attitude toward sex before and after the sex education, in elementary school students and then finally to provide some basic data to suggest directions for sex education. The subjects were 500 male and female elementary students from the fifth and sixth grades of 4 public elementary schools in Pusan. The subjects were assigned to a experimental (250) and a control (250) group. The research tools were sex education program and consists of physiology(menache, ejaculation), psycological(pleasure of growth), sociological(hetero sexual relationship) are about set The sex education program was given to experimental group for 6 hours by the trained school nurse's lecture using slide film and OHP film. The data were obtained before and after the sex education. Data collection was done during the period betwen Feb. 3. 1997. to Feb. 20. 1997. The collected data were analyed using frequency, percentages, $X^2$-test, means, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, MANCOVA with SPSS program. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The first hypotheses attained that the experimental group(19.72) is higher than the control group(12.12) on the knowledge toward sex(F=467.30, P=.000). At the physical area, the experimental group(8.84) is higher than the control group(3.96) (F=687.39, P=.000). At the psychological area the experimental group (5.18) is higher than the control group(2.63) (F=411.66, P=.000). At the social area, the experimental group (5.70) is higher than the control group (5.54), this is not significant difference (F=.67, P=.413). 2. The second hypotheses attained that the experimental group(60.42) is higher than the control group(52.48) on the attitude toward sex(F=215.70, P=.000). At the physical area, the experimental group(23.10) is higher than the control group(20.68) (F=128.68, P=.000), At the psychological area, the experimental group(20.11) is higher than the control group(16.40) (F=108.64, P=.000). At the social area, the experimental group(17.22) is higher than the control group(16.00), this is area are significant differences (F=70.37, P=.000). 3. Knowledge toward sex according to sex, religon, atmosphere of family, mother age and educational background are significant differance (P<0.05). Attitude toward sex according to sex is significant differance (P<0.05).

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The Provision Structure and Voucher Operating System in Korean Community Social Investment Service - Focusing on the Early Intervention Service for Children at the Risk of ADHD - (한국의 지역사회서비스 투자사업의 공급구조와 바우처 작동기제에 관한 연구 - ADHD 아동 조기개입서비스를 중심으로 -)

  • Shin, Chang-Hwan;Kahng, Sang-Kyoung
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.62 no.2
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    • pp.399-420
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    • 2010
  • A notable recent change in Korean social service delivery is adopting voucher system. A significant portion of foreign literature suggests that the structure of service provision is critical to enhance consumer choice in voucher-based social service delivery system. As domestic research on voucher operation system is very limited, little is known about voucher-based social service provision structure and operating system. Given these limitations in the domestic literature, this study aims to examine the status and effectiveness of voucher-based system with specific focuses on the provision structure of early intervention service for children at the risk of ADHD. Data were collected from 194 service providers across the nation. Based on Cave's analytic paradigm on voucher operating system, data analyses were done to examine (1) the influence of adopting voucher system on service provision system and (2) whether consumer choice has been increased or not. The results indicated that (1) adopting voucher have brought into diversification of service providers, but (2) consumer choice is still limited. Based on these results, future directions for voucher-related policy were discussed.

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Knowledge Creation Perspective on Technological Capability Accumulation of a High-tech SMEs : Comparative Case Study and Strategic Implications (중소기업(中小企業)의 선도(先導) 기술능력(技術能力) 축적과정(蓄積過程)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -LCD 제조(製造) 장비업체(裝備業體)를 중심(中心)으로-)

  • Lee, Pan-Gook;Chung, Dae-Yong
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.08a
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    • pp.67-88
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    • 2009
  • A firm's competitive capabilities become greater when the firm has a specific knowledge. There are many studies have been examined how to accumulate the firm specific knowledge and to get the competitive capability on the various perspectives. This study suggest that the conceptual framework on the absorptive capability through reviews on the knowledge management theory. And it also suggests that the proposition about the technological capability building process through the in depth case study on a small and medium sized company in a LCD industry. This study found the following major characteristics about the absorptive capability building and knowledge creating process. First, it is required to building an absorptive capability rapidly that the harmony of local capabilities, integrative capabilities, and intensity of effort. And the most important factor is the intensity of effort in a small and medium sized firm with a weak knowledge base. Second, it is required to develop an innovative new product that the utilization of expeditious learning mechanism based on the exploration and exploitation process. Finally, complementary assets are needed to proactive exploration and exploitation. Based on the findings, the theoretical and managerial implications are derives and the further research directions are proposed.

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The Study on the Education System of Digital Film design in New Media Environment - Focusing on Graduate Courses in film and Digital Media - (뉴미디어 환경에서의 디지털 영상디자인 교육시스템 연구 - 영상ㆍ디지털미디어 대학원교육을 중심으로-)

  • 정봉금;김종덕
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.451-462
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    • 2004
  • The range of graphic design has expanded very widely as the digital era emerged, and many new areas of film design, including film, DVD, interactive TV, mobile and DMB, began to require the work of designers. This could be considered as an application as well as a case of digital film design as it has more developed new media environment as basis. The change in the expression techniques of film language is inevitable since major consumers of new media are the younger generation. The method of creating and distributing visual communication work is not standing still anymore. It has been diversified through dynamic movements and changes resulting from interaction. The major objective of this study is to find out and suggest the directions that film and digital media graduate school education of future by researching and analyzing how the nature of design, as an academic subject that keeps on changing and developing, is evolving in the new media environment. For this purpose, the methods of appropriate education system in higher design education, which are derived from case studies and previous studies on education system, are evaluated by examining the consumers. This study aims at finding the most effective training method in film and digital media design, and by integrating current design education with digital film design education establish a better fit education system that complies with the demands of today's society. It will suggest how an educational institute should see ahead of the time and provide what the society will demand in the future.

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