• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.839-846
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• 2013

This paper describes a finite element model of the microstructure of dispersion type nuclear fuels, which can be used to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the fuels during irradiation. The model simulates a representative region of the fuel as a prism shaped unit cell made of brick elements. The elements within the unit cell are assigned material properties of either the fuel or the matrix depending on position, in such a way as to represent randomly distributed fuel particles with a size distribution similar to that of the as manufactured fuel. By applying an appropriate heat flux across the unit cell it is possible to determine the effective thermal conductivity of the unit cell as a function of the volume fraction of the fuel particles. The presence of a fuel/matrix interaction layer is simulated by the addition of a third set of material properties that are assigned to the finite elements that surround each fuel particle. In this way the effective thermal conductivity of the material may also be determined as a function of the volume fraction of the interaction layer. Work is on going to add fission gas bubbles in the fuel as a fourth phase to the model.

• 지질공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2008

기존의 사면안정성 평가는 전체 사면을 균질하다고 가정하고 사면 내에서 가장 위험한 부분의 안정성으로 전체 사면의 안정성을 평가한다. 그러나 하나의 사면 내에서도 위치에 따라 암반/토사의 특성과 상태가 각각 다르기 때문에 기존 평가방법으로 분석한 사면의 안정성이 전체 사면의 안정성을 대표한다고 할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 사면의 보강에 있어서도 과도한 보강을 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 같은 문제를 해결하고자 하나의 사면을 격자형의 셀로 분할하여 각각의 셀의 특성을 조사하고 안정성을 평가하는 셀 단위 평가법을 제안하였다. 셀 단위 평 가법에서는 사면을 구성 물질에 따라 토사사면과 암반사면으로 구분하며, 각각의 셀에 대해 강도, 체적절리계수(Jv), 절리간격, 지하수상태, 절리상태 등을 조사하고 이를 SMR 및 상태지수를 통해 안정성을 평가한 후 셀 별 조사 자료와 안정성 분석결과를 종합하여 작성된 등고선도를 통해 사면의 위치별 안정성을 평가하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 총 3개의 사면에 대해 셀 단위 평가법을 적용한 결과 대부분의 셀에서 계산된 SMR 값은 기존의 평가법에서 구한 사면 전체의 SMR 값보다 높았다. 이는 셀 단위 평가법이 기존의 평가법 보다 사면을 보다 정확하게 평가할 수 있음을 의미하며, 기존의 사면 평가법이 가진 과도한 보강과 관련된 문제를 해결 할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.230-234
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• 1989

The crystal structure of $Ag^+$-exchanged zeolite A vacuum-dehydrated at $370^{\circ}C$ and then treated with carbon monoxide at $$23^{\circ}C$ has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Pm3m at $23^(1){\circ}C$ ; a = 12.116 (2)${\AA}$. The structure was refined to the final error indices $R_1\;=\;0.061\;and\;R_2$(weighted) = 0.068 using 349 independent reflections for which I > 3${\sigma}(I).\;3.6\;Ag_+-CO$ complexes, where -CO may represent -CHO or -$CH_2OH$, were found in each large cavity. By coordination to silver atoms followed by reaction with $Ag^{\circ}and\;H^+$ within the zeolite, carbon monoxide has been partially reduced. In about 28% of the sodalite units, a $Ag_6(Ag^+)_2$ cluster may be present. In about 37% of the sodalite units, three $Ag^+$ ions are found on threefold axes where they may be bridged by three water molecules. The remaining 35% of the sodalite units are empty of silver species. Two $Ag^+$ ions per unit cell are associated with 8-ring oxygens. The remaining ca $$3Ag^+$ ions per unit cell have been reduced during the synthesis and have migrated to form small silver crystallities on the surface of the zeolite single crystal.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2011

This article describes a new recognition algorithm using correlation coefficient for intelligent wheelchair to avoid collision for elderly or disabled people. The correlation coefficient can be used to represent the relationship of two different areas. The algorithm has three steps: Firstly, we extract an edge vector using the Histogram of Oriented Gradients(HOG) which includes gradient information and unique magnitude for each cell. From this result, the correlation coefficients are calculated between one cell and others. Secondly, correlation coefficients are used as the weighting factors for normalizing the HOG cell. And finally, these features are used to classify or detect variable and complicated shapes of two wheelers using Adaboost algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new feature vectors which is calculated by weighted cell unit to classify with multiple view-based shapes: frontal, rear and side views($60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and mixed angle). Our experimental results show that two wheeler detection system based on a proposed approach leads to a higher detection accuracy than the method using traditional features in a similar detection time.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2022

본 논문은 3-방향 직물 복합재료의 대표 단위 셀의 모델링 방법에 대해 검증하여 붐 구조물의 기계적 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 대표 단위 셀의 모델링에는 빔 요소에 주기적 경계 조건을 이용하여 인장, 전단, 굽힘, 비틀림의 거동을 모사한 해석을 통해 ABD 행렬을 구했다. 유한 요소 프로그램을 통한 인장 해석과 만능재료 시험기를 이용한 실험 결과를 비교하여 ABD 행렬을 검증하였다. 3-방향 직물 복합재료 붐 구조물의 기계적 특성을 굽힘 해석과 실험을 통해 확인하였다. 이를 통해 3-방향 직물 복합재료를 이용한 구조물 거동 특성을 확인하고자 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 1996

In this paper, we propose the improved structure of fully interconnected ATM Switch to develop the small sized switch element and represent practical implementation of switch network. As the part II of the full study about structure and implementation of fully interconnected ATM Switch, this paper especially describes the implementation of an ATM switching element with 8 input port and 8 output port at 155 Mbits/sec each. The single board switching element is used as a basic switching block in a small sized ATm switch for ATM LAN Hub and customer access node. This switch has dedicated bus in 12 bit width(8 bit data + 4 bit control signal) at each input and output port, bit addressing and cell filtering scheme. In this paper, we propose a practical switch architecture with fully interconnected buses to implement a small-sized switch and to provide multicast function withoutany difficulty. The design of switching element has become feasible using advanced CMOS technology and Embedded Gate Array technology. And, we also represent Application Specific Integrated Circuit(ASIC) of Switch Output Multiplexing Unit(SOMU) and 12 layered Printed Circuit Board for interconnection network of switch.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2022

In this paper, the effect of porosity on the acoustic phase velocity of the 3D printed Kelvin closed-cell structure was investigated using the spectral phase analysis. Since Kelvin cells bring about the large amount of scattering, acoustic pulses in ultrasonic measurements undergoes a distortion of waveforms due to the dispersion effect. In order to take account on the dispersion, mathematical expressions for calculating the phase velocity of longitudinal waves propagating normal to the plane of the Kelvin structure are suggested by introducing a complex wave number based on Fourier transform. 3D Kelvin structure composed of identical unit-cells, a polyhedron of 14 faces with 6 quadrilateral and 8 hexagonal faces, was developed and fabricated by 3D CAD and 3D printer to represent the micro-structure of porous materials such as aluminum foam and cancellous bone. Total nine samples of 3D Kelvin structure with different porosity were made by changing the thickness of polyhedron. Ultrasonic pulse of 1MHz center frequency was applied to the Kelvin structures for the measurement of the phase velocity of ultrasound using the TOF(time-of-flight) and the phase spectral method. From the experimental results, it was found that the acoustic phase velocity decreased linearly with the porosity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.703-712
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• 2016

Monoclonal antibodies with specific antigens have been widely used as targeted therapy for cancer. Hep88 mAb is a monoclonal antibody which shows specific binding with anti-cancer effects against the HepG2 cell line. However, its mechanisms of action are still not completely understood. We examined cell cycling and apoptosis by flow cytometry and mRNA expression of factors involved in apoptosis and paraptosis in Hep88 mAb-treated HepG2 cells by real-time PCR. The cell-cycle analysis demonstrated that growth-inhibitory activity was associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest. Hep88 mAb induced a significant increase in apoptotic cell populations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The mRNA expression results also suggested that the process triggered by Hep88 mAb involved up-regulation of tumor suppressor p53, pro-apoptotic Bax, Cathepsin B, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, with a decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 - thus confirming paraptosis and apoptosis programmed cell death. These findings represent new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of Hep88 mAb in liver cancer cells.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2021

Most graphical representation methods for two-dimensional contingency tables are based on the frequencies, probabilities, association measures, and goodness-of-fit statistics. In this work, a method is proposed to represent the correlation coefficients for each of the two selected levels of the row and column variables. Using the correlation coefficients, one can obtain the vector-matrix that represents the angle corresponding to each cell. Thus, these vectors are represented as a unit circle with angles. This is called a CC plot, which is a correlation plot for a contingency table. When the CC plot is used with other graphical methods as well as statistical models, more advanced analyses including the relationship among the cells of the row or column variables could be derived.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.191-195
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• 2007

In this study, we estimated the performance of PEMFC's unit cell as changing operating temperature in different inlet humidity condition at cathode side but anode dry, and tried to match experimental results with 1-dimensional simulation. We used $Nafion^{\circledR}112$ membrane and a self-manufactured PEMFC with active area of $25cm^{2}$ was used in this study. The range of operating temperature was $40{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ and oxygen through bubbled humidity chamber was supplied $0{\sim}80$% humidity condition as changing water temperature in humidity chamber. For figuring out governing equations, represent water contents in electrolyte membrane, the linear forward difference method was applied about time progress and quadratic central difference method was used about space progress. It was assumed that pressure terms were linearly changed due to thin electrolyte membrane. In low operating temperature condition, $40{\sim}60^{\circ}C$, increasing temperature rarely effected cell performance but we can see performance drop at $70^{\circ}C$. By modifying Henrry's constant and/or diffusion coefficient, the modified one-dimensional model was accomplished for calculation.