• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.73-90
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• 1998

The construction and management of the royal garden and landscape were the most significant project in Choson Dynasty. The kind of the royal garden and landscape were the rear garden of the palace, the groves of the royal shrine and orchard, etc. As the important project of the country, these constructions were controlled by the administrative system without division into the fields of engineering, building and landscaping. The purpose of this study is to investigate the administrative system. In particular, this study is focused on the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape in Hanyang from the 18th century to the late 19th century. This study is based on the analysis of historic documents and a survey of the relics. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The administrative system of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape was composed of the government offices under Industry Board as a permanent organization - Yongjosa, Santaeksa, Chunchonsa, Songonggam, Changwonso - and Togam as a temporary organization. In addition to these organizations, there were Revenue Board, Ceremony Board, Military Board, which served as supporting organizations. The control of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape was held by decision makers, executors of works and management. 2) The general process of the construction and management of the royal garden and landscape included Sangji and Kyuho다 as the first step; In case of buildings and facilities, according to former examples and drawings, the most of the planning and design was already fixed. In the case of landscape, those things aimed at construction according to the existing lie of the land. The works in the 2nd step; This process was divided into the construction of facilities and planting. In case of construction of facilities, those works were done by Togam and Songonggam. The high cost works were carried out through Togam and normal repairing works were completed by Songonggam. In case of planting, those works were carried out through Chunchonsa and the military. The management in the 3rd step; This process was done by two parts like the process of works. In case of facilities, management was done 효 the officers of Pongshim. In case of groves of newly - planted trees, this management was done by Tongsanbyonlgam and Tongsanjik who served cultivation and harvest of fruit trees as an expert.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2005

Fossil fired power plant produces the electric energy by using a thermal energy by the combustion of fossil fuels as like oil, gas and coal. The exhausted flue gas by the combustion of oil etc. contains usually many contaminated species, and especially sulfur-content has been controlled strictly and then FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) facility should be installed in every fossil fired power plant. To minimize the content of contaminations in final exhaust gas, high corrosive environment including sulfuric acid (it was formed during the process which $SO_2$ gas combined with $Mg(OH)_2$ solution) can be formed in cooling zone of FGD facility and severe corrosion damage is reported in this zone. These conditions are formed when duct materials are immersed in fluid that flows on the duct floors or when exhausted gas is condensed into thin layered medium and contacts with materials of the duct walls and roofs. These environments make troublesome corrosion and air pollution problems that are occurred from the leakage of those ducts. The frequent shut down and repairing works of the FGD systems also demand costs and low efficiencies of those facilities. In general, high corrosion resistant materials have been used to solve this problem. However, corrosion problems have severely occurred in a cooling zone even though high corrosion resistant materials were used. In this work, a new technology has been proposed to solve the corrosion problem in the cooling zone of FGD facility. This electrochemical protection system contains cathodic protection method and protection by coating film, and remote monitoring-control system.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces cellular damage. A variety of cellular responses for repairing cellular damage including DNA damage occur after UV irradiation. During the repair processes, expression and activation of various molecules are regulated depending on the types of cellular damage. Parkin is an E3 ligase and act as a tumor suppressor. Recently, it has been reported that Parkin is involved in the DNA repair process. In the current study, we investigated whether UVB irradiation influences expression of Parkin. Parkin expression transiently decreased after UVB irradiation both at the mRNA and protein levels, but returned to normal levels thereafter. Taken together with cell viability data, Parkin expression is down-regulated during UVB-induced suppression of cell growth and is increased again in accordance with recovery of UVB-induced cell growth inhibition. However, Parkin overexpression or knockdown did not influence UVB-induced cell growth inhibition and recovery. We propose that Parkin could be a useful molecular marker for evaluating conditions of cells after UVB irradiation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.216-221
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• 2009

Purpose: The retention of the basement membrane complex, which was the unique feature of the acellular dermal matrix ($AlloDerm^{(R)}$), plays an important role in the normal process of wound healing. The present study was aimed to compare the healing of the acellular dermal matrix according to the graft method in the rabbit ear. Materials and methods: Six mature rabbits weighing about 3.0 kg were used, $10\;{\times}\;5\;mm$ sized subcutaneous pockets were created between the ear skin and the underlying perichondrium. In the control group, the acellular dermal matrix was grafted with the basement membrane facing toward the perichondrium. On the contrary, the acellular dermal matrix was grafted with the basement membrane facing toward the skin side in the experimental group I. In the experimental group II, the acellular dermal matrix was grafted like rolled configuration with basement membrane side in. The grafted site was picked at 3, 7, and 21 days after the graft. Serial sections were processed by H-E stain and examined under light microscopy to assess the healing patterns. Results: There was no distinct volume loss in the gross examination, but resorption was observed from the edge of the acellular dermal matrix in the histological examination. The space of resorption was replaced by the newly formed fibrous tissues and vessels. The inflammatory cells were more increased at 7 days after the graft than the early days. However, inflammation was decreased at 21 days after the graft. Regardless of the graft direction, no differences were observed between the control and the experimental group I in the healing patterns. Conclusion: These results suggest that the acellular dermal matrix can be used simply and effectively without regard to the graft direction as a substitute of autogenous material for repairing soft tissue defect.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2017

내 공공건축물은 총 17만 7천여 동으로 이중 15년 이상 경과하여 노후화가 진행 중인 건물이 전체 건물 수의 약 74% 달한다. 노후화된 건물로 인하여 에너지 손실이 심각한 실정이다. 노후화 건축물의 에너지 효율을 개선하여 에너지 소비량을 줄이기 위해서 정부 및 지자체에서 기존 건축물의 리모델링 수선 및 설비 교체를 통한 에너지 효율화 사업을 진행 중이다. 최근에 개정된 녹색건축물 조성지원법에서는 그린리모델링을 기존 공공건축물에 적용 활성화하고자 한다. 하지만 그린리모델링 사업에 대한 업무의 범위, 재원 마련 방안 및 발주 방식에 대한 기준이 뚜렷하지 않다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 그린리모델링을 활성화 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 기존 건축생산 과정을 바탕으로 한 프로젝트 라이프사이클 과정에서 발생하는 업무를 기준으로 그린 리모델링 업무를 정의하였으며, 건축주 및 사업자가 재원을 마련 할 수 있는 방안 및 그린리모델링 업무 구분에 따른 발주 패키지를 도출하여 낙찰자 결정 방식 및 대가지급 방식 등을 제안하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4977-4983
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• 2015

개착식 공법은 도로의 굴착에 따른 시간과 비용의 증가, 교통통제로 인한 민원발생 및 교통지정체 등 많은 문제점을 발생시키고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 비굴착공법에 사용 가능한 하수관거 보수자재에 대한 실험을 시행하였다. 사용한 재료는 PVC프로파일이며, 국가표준시험 방법을 적용하여 기본 물성 평가를 시행하였다. 본 기술은 SPR(Sekisui Pipe Rehabilitation) 기술에 적용되는 프로파일보다 구조적 안정성이 높고, pipe integrity를 높일 수 있는 SWP(Spirally Wound Pipe)용 프로파일 구조를 적용하였다. 복합안정제의 함량을 5 phr을 이용하여 배합을 하였다. 시험 결과 복합안정제와 충격보강제를 투입한 경우에도 인장강도, 충격강도 및 연화온도가 표준의 물성을 만족함을 알 수 있었고, 가공시 부하가 없이 가공할 수 있었다. 접착 수지로 단부마감을 한 프로파일은 같은 압력에서 누수가 발생하지 않았다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2009

Since the 1970's, UNESCO and ICOMOS have adopted or emphasized on the principles of historic preservation. One of them is what to require a repair have not to be repaired beyond the limits of the features and techniques to have been born in those days of establishment. On the premise, this paper is to examine the materials and technique of lime plaster work in order for roof ridge, and for bond paste of stones and bricks in government constructions in the late of Joseon dynasty(17~19c). The result of this examination will come up with a basic conformity in the case of repairing the building established in the late of Joseon dynasty. This paper is carried out for the proper repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. The components of old plaster mixtures which agglutinate stones each other were quicklime, perilla oil, and paper fiber. The components of old plaster mixtures which point joint of black bricks consisted of slaked lime, perilla oil, paper fiber, and cereal starch. These components were the same as coat surface of roof ridges. In the case of times, one of the following sand, white clay, sap of boiled elm bark was added to these components for the purpose of high efficiency. These materials and techniques which applied to plaster work of those buildings had developed in the process of making royal tombs. But these materials and techniques were quite different from the present.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 교량에 부착된 도시가스 배관 53개소에 대해 현장조사를 실시하고 위해요인이 발생할 우려가 있는 도시가스배관 대해 구조해석 프로그램을 이용한 응력분석을 실시하고 취약부위에 대한 현장 응력 측정을 통해 배관에 미치는 응력에 관한분석을 실시하여 가스배관의 안전성을 평가하고자 했다. 현장 안전진단의 결과는 일차적으로 선정된 대상 10개소 중 가장 응력적으로 취약할 것으로 판단되는 2개소에 대해 현장 응력측정을 통한 진단을 수행하였다. 안전계수 2를 고려한 배관 최대 지지응력의 70% 이상 수준의 응력이 부가되는 것으로 나타났다. 보수시점을 넘어선 교량첨가배관에 대해 응력 해소 공사, 지지대 보수 및 교체 공사를 통해 부가되는 응력을 해소하였다. 현장진단 결과로 나타난 바와 같이 장기간 경과된 배관에서도 견고한 고전으로 발생하는 응력은 보수를 통하여 해소해줌으로 안전성을 확보할 수 있었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2016

본 연구는 국내 장애인보조기구 수리서비스에 대한 현황 및 만족도를 파악하여 수리서비스에 대한 문제점을 알아보고 이를 바탕으로 하여, 효과적인 발전방안을 알아보고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 설문조사는 2015년 7월부터 2015년 10월까지 전국에 있는 장애인 750명을 대상으로 시행하였고, 최종 회수된 280부를 분석하였다. 수리의뢰가 많았던 품목은 대부분 이동보조기구였으며 수리 의뢰는 대부분 구입업체와 장애인 보조기구 전문 수리기관에서 시행되었다. 만족도 조사에서 일부 불만족의 사유로는 수리기간이 길고 수리 접수 및 절차의 복잡성으로 나타났다. 장애인보조기구 수리서비스 활성화를 위한 중앙정부의 역할로는 수리지원사업에 대한 홍보 확대, 수리지원 대상품목 및 지원금액 기준마련, 장애인보조기구 수리를 위한 법적 체계 마련이 매우 필요하다는 의견이 많았다. 보다 효과적이고 체계적인 장애인보조기구 수리서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 수리서비스 절차의 체계 확립, 시장가격을 반영한 부품별 수리단가 제시 등이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.7-19
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• 2014

The temple Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) was repaired by Naong(懶翁), and with this the power of the temple became far greater to be the greatest Buddhist temple during late Goryeo and early Joseon. Naong's reconstruction of Hoeamsa was originated from Jigong(指空)'s teaching 'Samsan Yangsu(三山兩水).' But it is not clear whether Samsan Yangsu really meant Hoeamsa. By the way, after 14 years, Naong suddenly remembered this word and began to repair Hoeamsa in a large scale. From this, we can guess that Naong tried to give the contemporary Buddhism some change through the repair of Hoeamsa. But, as King Gongmin(恭愍王) the greatest supporter of Naong was suddenly assassinated, the political situation changed a lot and Naong also died unexpectedly. Naong's death brought out the critical sense to Hoeamsa and, in the process to resolve the crisis, the repair of Hoeamsa began to be justified through diverse religious factors. As these were expanded and developed on and one, Hoeamsa came to be honored as the most divine temple in Korea during the early Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, into the cause structure for the Naong's repair of Hoeamsa, the influence of Jajang was added through Odaesan Buddhism. As we can well understand, late Silla situation of Jajang and the late Goryeo of Naong were very similar and the both Buddhist leaders should have derived out some religious solution for them. In other words, both of them had a similar recognition in finding the religious solution for the contemporary crises. It becomes a way to understand the Hoeamsa repairing structure taken by Naong and his disciples. Therefore, by comparing the similar religious solution structures given by Jajang and Naong and by clearer understanding on Samsan Yangsu spirit, we can see the repair of Hoeamsa and the related aspects more accurately.