• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

Micro-mobility protocols have been developed to reduce the control message overhead due to movements of mobile nodes. With the spread of mobile devices, services using mobile nodes are increasing and multicast services are becoming more important in providing multimedia services. In this paper we propose a new multicast protocol suitable for micro-mobility environments. The proposed protocol is designed to maintain optimal multicast routing paths and continue to provide multicast services without disruption in spite of frequent handoffs due to movements of mobile nodes. We used simulation to evaluate the proposed protocol, compared its performance with existing multicast protocols for mobile environments including bi-directional tunneling, remote subscription, and MMA, and observed that the proposed protocol exhibited better performance in terms of transmission success ratio and overhead on the network.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1587-1605
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• 2015

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) combines mobile Internet and cloud computing to improve the performance of applications. In MCC, the data processing and storage for mobile devices (MDs) is provided on the remote cloud. However, MCC faces the problem of energy efficiency caused by randomly varying channels. In this paper, by introducing the Lyapunov optimization method, we propose a combined service subscription and delivery (CSSD) algorithm that can guide the users to subscribe to services reasonably. This algorithm can also determine whether to deliver the data and to whom data is sent in the current time unit based on the queue backlog and the channel state. Numerical results validate the correctness and effectiveness of our proposed CSSD algorithm.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.133-136
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a multicast routing protocol for the seamless delivery of multicast data to mobile hosts through the optimal route in IP based mobile networks. The proposed multicast routing protocol is a hybrid method employing the merits of the bi-directional tunneling and the remote subscription by considering the mobility of mobile hosts. The proposed protocol satisfies the bound of end-to-end delay and supports the seamless handoff. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol has better performance in the number of multicast tree reconstruction and tunneling length and packet loss time than the previous protocols.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

Mobile multicast schemes are classified into remote subscription and bi-directional tunneling. While the former scheme has much overhead in the maintenances of multicast tree, the latter suffers from inefficient routing. In this paper, we propose dynamic mobile multicast routing (DMMR) scheme, which is operated on the basis of cost functions related with forwarding cost and tree reconstruction cost, Basically DMMR intends to find lower cost between forwarding cost and tree reconstruction cost. Forwarding cost is the cost of tunneling multicast packets from home agent, and tree reconstruction cost is the joining cost of foreign agent to multicast group. In the case that a mobile host moves to the other area, its foreign agent calculates cost functions related with forwarding cost and tree reconstruction cost. If forwarding cost is higher than tree reconstruction cost, foreign agent joins to multicast group and reconstructs the multicast tree. Accordingly, foreign agent can dynamically adapt remote subscription or bi-directional tunneling, Our scheme provides more stable multicast service to the mobile hosts regardless of the movements of mobile host and the number of mobile group members.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

Mobile IP is a solution to support mobile nodes, however, it does not handle NEtwork MObility (NEMO). The NEMO Basic Support (NBS) protocol ensures session continuity for all the nodes in the mobile network. Since the protocol is based on Mobile IP, it inherits the same fundamental problem such as tunnel convergence, when supporting the multicast for NEMO. In this paper, we propose the multicast route optimization scheme for NEMO environment. We assume that the Mobile Router (MR) has a multicast function and the Nested Mobile Router Information (NeMRI) table. The NeMRI is used to record o list of the CoAs of all the MRs located below it. And it covers whether MRs desire multicast services. Any Route Optimization (RO) scheme can be employed here for pinball routing. Therefore, we achieve optimal routes for multicasting based on the given architecture. We also propose cost analytic models to evaluate the performance of our scheme. We observe significantly better multicast cost in NEMO compared with other techniques such as Bi-directional Tunneling, Remote Subscription, and Mobile Multicast based on the NBS protocol.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2021

In this study, as the viewing characteristics of users of YouTube video content related to science education, 'Inflow and Access' is analyzed to find out the interaction between learners and the system, and 'Reaction and Subscription' to find out the interaction between learners and contents. To this end, the YouTube channel "Elementary Science TV," was selected as the subject of research. The channel is mainly focused on the contents of elementary science textbooks, STEAM, and gifted education. The channel's data of YouTube studio was analyzed. The following results were obtained through data analysis: first, as a result of 'Inflow and Access' analysis, YouTube video content related to science education was most often introduced through external links, and the access device was mainly a computer. Second, as a result of the analysis of 'Reaction and Subscription,' 'like' and commenting performed as a reaction to the video were less than 1% of the number of views. Most users watch without a subscription, and watch for longer when using self-directed. Although this study was analyzed through a limited channel called 'Elementary Science TV,' we were able to discover a little about the users' viewing characteristics of YouTube video contents related to science education. In the future, it is expected that it can be used as a basic material for creating videos related to science education for remote classes, establishing a science education video platform.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.137-140
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a multicast routing scheme for an efficient and reliable support of multicast service to mobile hosts in IPv6 based networks. The purpose of this paper is to develop an algorithm to reduce both the number of multicast tree reconstruction and the multicast service disrupt time using the RSVP scheme. The proposed multicast routing scheme is a hybrid method using the advantages of the hi-directional tunneling and the remote subscription proposed by the IETF Mobile IP working group. The proposed scheme satisfies the maximum tolerable transfer delay time and supports the maximum tunneling service. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance in the number of multicast tree reconstruction and the time of multicast service disrupt than the previous schemes does.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.292-294
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• 2003

이동 단말의 수요가 급속하게 증가하고 무선 인터넷의 보급이 활발해짐에 따라 IP 멀티캐스트를 사용하는 응용 프로그램의 사용 증가가 예상된다. 이를 위해, 유니캐스트와 마찬가지로 이동 단말을 위한 무선 IP 멀티캐스트를 위한 핸드오프 프로토콜이 제시되어야 하는데, 그러한 프로토콜로 원격가입(Remote Subscription)과 양방향 터널링(Bidirectional Tunneling)이 제시되고 있다. 하지만. 이들 프로토콜은 가입 지연시간 발생과 패킷 데이터 중복수신의 문제점을 각각 안고 있다. 이러한 문제점들은 멀티캐스트 단말의 Micro­mobility 지원에 있어서 장애가 된다. 본 논문에서는 계층 구조를 통해 멀티캐스트 트리의 재구성을 최소화하고 원격가입 지연시간을 최소화함으로써 Micro­mobility를 지원하는 프로토콜을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10c
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• pp.670-672
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• 2004

IP (internet Protocol) 멀티캐스트는 인터넷 망에서 다수에 사용자에서 전달되는 중복 데이터를 보다 효율적으로 전송 하기 위한 기술이다 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)에서는 멀티캐스트 기술을 적용하기 위한 연구 및 표준화 작업을 지속적으로 해왔고 이동 단말의 멀티캐스트 적용을 위하여 Bi-directional Tunneling과 Remote Subscription의 방식을 제안 하였다. 하지만 이러한 기존의 유/무선 기반의 멀티캐스트 기술은 일반적인 IP망의 기반으로 제안된 방식이고 차세대 초고속 휴대 인터넷의 국내 표준인 HPI (High-speed Portable Internet)망에서 효율적인 멀티캐스트 패킷 전송을 위하여 HPI망 내부에서 단말의 이동성을 고려한 효율적인 멀티캐스트 기법이 필요하다. 특히 HPI의 경우 내부적으로 2계층 기반의 패킷 전송이 이루어지기 때문에 멀티캐스트를 위한 추가적인 2계층 프로토콜을 정의하여 멀티캐스트를 지원하여야 한다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2649-2658
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• 1999

This paper proposes a new solution to support Internet Multicast for mobile hosts. The proposed algorithm is based on the remote subscription approach of IETF Mobile IP that mobile node re-subscribes to its desired multicast groups while at a foreign network. In addition, we adopt the bi-directional tunneling to minimize the disruption of multicast service due to movement of a host from network to another. This paper also analyzes the handoff latencies and data packet loss amount of our algorithm and compares to other approaches. Our analysis shows that the proposed algorithm has good robustness, scalability and routing efficiency.