• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

This paper presents preliminary field investigations on the electrokinetic (EK) remediation coupled with permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system. unregulated and old-fashioned landfills are one of the primary contributors to various contaminated soil problems. In-situ EK remediation technology has been successfully applied to the environs of unregulated landfill site, located in Kyeong-Ki province, Korea. Atomizing slag was adopted as a PRB reactive material for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with inorganic and/or organic substances. From the preliminary investigations, the coupled technology of EK with PRB system would be effecitve to remeidate contaminated grounds without the extraction of pollutants from subsurface due to the reactions between the reactive materials and contaminants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.681-688
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• 2002

Study was peformed to develop the‘environmental double pile’for the remediation of low-permeable contaminated soil. This technique is similar in function to‘sand drain pile’But this applies recyclable oyster shell treated as waste materials to a drain material and the pile is consisted of two layers. Inner metal pile is located in center and oyster shells are filled around it. By this technology, contaminated ground water is pumped out through the oyster shell and purified by drainage, adsorption, and reaction processes. Afterwards, the grout material is injected through the inner pile for the effect of the solidification / stabilization. As a result, the concept of this technique is a development of one-step process technology. Through the test, a consolidation characteristic by radial drain is going to be evaluated and the optimum standard of this technology will be calculated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.39-49
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• 1996

Hundreds of contaminated sites have been generated due to the past mismagement of toxic substances, the lack of adequate environmental controls and ignorance of the potential environmental impacts of general activities in Canada. The general public, industry and governments have been addressing the contaminated sites with a number of cleanup responses. Environmental protection and remediation have become top priorities for the public and private sectors alike in Canada. Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act and Canada's Green Plan were followed by provincial and territorial laws and policies to regulate contaminated sites. The National Contaminated Site Remediation Program(NCSRP) was initiated in 1989. It has been administered through bilateral agreements between the federal and participating provincial/territorial governments. They have committed a total of $250 million toward orphan site cleanup and technology development/demonstration over a five year period. The federal government has committed an additional $25 million to assess contaminated sites on federal crown land. Over 40 orphan high-risk contaminated sites, over 230 federal sites and over 35 technology development/demonstration projects have been addressed. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment has developed a series of guidance documents to ensure a consistent and successful implementation of the Program. The management/regulation scheme of contaminated sites generally consists of： 1) identifying and investigating sites, 2) determining site contamination, 3) recognizing responsibility and liability, 4) assessing priority for remediation, 5) activation, evaluation and implementing remediation options, and 6) documenting remediation completion. The NCSRP supported the successful development/demonstration of a wide range of innovative remedial technologies. They are related to stabilization/solidification, thermal washing/flushing, advanced oxidation, sonics, and groundwater contaminated with hydrocarbons, PAHS, PCBs, heavy metals, and other hazardous pollutants in a variety of site environments.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2009

Vertical electrokintic-flushing remediation equipment was developed for the remediation of a radioactive soil near nuclear facilities. An optimum reagent was selected to decontaminate the radioactive soil near nuclear facilities with the developed vertical electrokintic-flushing remediation equipment, and the optimum remediation conditions were established to obtain a higher remediation efficiency. Namely, acetic acid was selected as an optimum reagent due to its higher remediation efficiency. When the electrokinetic remediation and the electrokinetic-flushing remediation results were compared, the removal efficiency of 4.6% and the soil waste solution volume of 1.5 times were increased in the electrokinetic remediation. When the potential gradient within an electrokinetic soil cell was increased by two times (4.0 V/cm), the removal efficiencies of $Co^{2+}$ and $Cs^+$ were increased by about 4.3%($Co^{2+}$ : 98.9%, $Cs^+$ : 96.7%). Also, when the reagent concentration was increased from 0.01M to 0.05M, the removal efficiency of $Co^{2+}$ was increased but that of $Cs^+$ was decreased. Therefore, the optimum remediation conditions were that the acetic concentration was $0.01M{\sim}0.05M$, the potential gredient was 4 V/cm, the injection of reagent 2.4ml/g, and the remediation period was 20days.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2005

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2013

The original pilot-scale electrokinetic equipment suitable to soil contamination characteristics of Korean nuclear facility sites was manufactured for the remediation of soil contaminated with uranium. During the experiment with the original electrokinetic equipment, many metal oxides were generated and were stuck on the cathode plate. The uranium removal capability of the original electrokinrtic equipment was almost exhausted because the cathode plate covered with metal oxides did not conduct electricity in the original electrokinetic equipment. Therefore, the original electrokinetic equipment was improved. After the remediation experience for 25 days using the improved electrokinetic remediation equipment, the removal efficiency of uranium from the soil was 96.8% and its residual uranium concentration was 0.81 Bq/g. When the initial uranium concentration of soil was about 50 Bq/g, the electrokinetic remediation time required to remediate the uranium concentration below clearance concentration of 1.0 Bq/g was about 34 days. When the initial uranium concentration of soil was about 75 Bq/g, the electrokinetic remediation time required to remediate below 1.0 Bq/g was about 42 days. When the initial uranium concentration of soil was about 100 Bq/g, the electrokinetic remediation time required to remediate below 1.0 Bq/g was about 49 days.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

In remediation of the contaminated soil, it requires to select at least more than two remediation technologies depending on the fate and transport phenomena through complicated reactions in soil matrix. Therefore, methodologies related to develop the integrated remediation technology were reviewed for agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals. Pneumatic fracturing is necessary to implement deficiency because soil washing is not effective to remove heavy metals in the subsurface soil. But it needs to evaluate the characteristics such as essential data and factors of designated technology in order to effectively apply them in the site. In the remediation site, the important soil physical and chemical factors to be considered are hydrology, porosity, soil texture and structure, types and concentrations of the contaminants, and fate and its transport properties. However, the integrated technology can be restrictive by advective flux in the area which remediation is highly effective although both soil washing and pneumatic fracturing were applied simultaneously in the site. Therefore, we need to understand flow pathways of the target contaminants in the subsurface soils, that includes kinetic desorption and flux, predictive simulation modeling, and complicated reaction in heterogenous soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.356-359
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• 2003

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are representative hydrophobic organic carbons (HOCs). Surfactant-enhanced electrokinetic (EK) remediation is an innovative in-situ technology that can effectively remove HOCs from low-permeability soils. In this study, the electrokinetic remediation using Tergitol 15-S-12, a nonionic surfactant, was conducted for the removal of phenanthrene from kaolinite. Tergitol 15-S-12 was used at concentrations of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 7.5 g/L to enhance the solubility of phenanthrene. When the surfactant solution was applied to EK system, high electrical potential gradient was maintained and the amount of electroosmotic flow decreased. Removal efficiency of phenanthrene was proportional to the concentration of Tergitol 15-S-12 because the solubility and mobility of phenanthrene was enhanced by surfactant micelle. Therefore, the suitable concentration of nonionic surfactant Tergitol 15-S-12 is expected to improve the removal efficiency of PAHs in EK remediation.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2021

In this study, basic strategies for the decommissioning and site remediation of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) were investigated. Six scenarios were formulated based on two of the three decommissioning strategies of nuclear power plants defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): immediate dismantling and deferred dismantling. A multicriteria decision analysis was performed to analyze the preferences of the options from the viewpoints of the timeframe to complete decommissioning, the resulting waste, the site usability, and the availability of the radioactive waste disposal route. The same six scenarios were applied to both the FDNPS and the nuclear power plants that ceased operation after a normal plant life cycle for comparison. For the FDNPS, the decommissioning project involved fuel debris retrieval, dismantling, and site remediation. The analysis results suggest that the balance between the amount of waste and the time to achieve the end state may be one of the most critical factors to consider when planning the decommissioning and site remediation of the FDNPS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2244-2252
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• 2022

Based on GIS technologies, a decision support system (GIDSS) has been developed to remediate agricultural lands in the Bryansk region (Russia) contaminated by ¹³⁷Cs after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. GIDSS is a multilevel system consisting of basic, information and computational layers. GIDSS allows justifying a targeted approach for the remediation of agricultural lands belonging to agricultural enterprises for the production that meets the established radiological requirements for the content of radionuclides. Evaluation of the effectiveness of alternative remediation technologies and the selection of optimal measures were carried out at the level of elementary plots using radiological criteria. The introduction of GIDSS will enable agricultural producers in the south-western districts of the Bryansk region to conduct radiation-safe agro-industrial production in radioactively contaminated areas, which will help improve the socio-economic situation of the region and return it to normal living conditions.