• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2008

The most typical capping method for concrete structures is a sulfur-mortar compound capping, provided it satisfied the standard criterion set forth by ASTM C 617, but this conventional bonded-type method has many problems. It exhibits relatively the smaller unreliable value of the strength of high-strength concrete due to the differences of elasticity and strength between the cylinder and the cap, and manifests poor serviceability such as dangerous working tasks or a waste of the working time. To prevent these problems, unbonded-type capping methods have taken the place of the conventional methods in recent years. One of the popular methods is the use of synthetic rubber like a neoprene pad. Serious problems still remain in this method, which include the consideration of its chemical characteristics in consideration of the selection, the safekeeping and the economy of the pads. Moreover, the synthetic rubber pads cannot be used in concrete cylinder with strength greater than 80 MPa according to ASTM C 1231-00. New 'sand-capping method' presented in this study, can be applicable to the compressive strength evaluation of the high strength concrete in the range of $70{\sim}100\;MPa$. This new method has better simplicity and reliability than those of existing 'sand-box', because usual materials such as standard sand and simply-devised apparatus are used for the capping system. The statistical analysis of the test results revealed that the new sand-capping method exhibited the smallest deviation and dispersion, attesting for its much better reliability than other methods specified in ASTM C 1231/1231M.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide analysis resources to develop high standard questions by analyzing item characteristics and item usability of 'Basic course of Information Technology' in the College Scholastic Ability Test, For the qualitative research, this paper analyzed content validity. For the quantitative research, this paper analyzed item difficulty, item discrimination, item reliability, and distracters. As a result of analyzing tests in 2005 and 2006, questions were equally extracted from educational contents. However, the standard of questions were in need of revision. The development of high quality contents in Vocational Education Section was needed in order to meet to the College Scholastic Ability Test standards. Therefore, it is required to develop various difficulties and acceptable distinguishable questions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2014

Most of salivary cortisol are an unbound free form reflecting physiological function later. Thus, it is used frequently to evaluate the HPA-Axis and physiological function. Although the needs of salivary cortisol measurement in Korean Medicine is higher and higher, there are not many studies, because the reliability of salivary cortisol measurement is not high. To make the reliability high and encourage to use it in Korean Medicine, the goal of this study is to suggest the standard method of saliva collecting for cortisol measurement through the review of previous studies using salivary cortisol and to encourage to use it in clinical fields in Korean Medicine. The results are as followed; First, salivary cortisol has many benefits, i. e. easy collecting, non-invasive collecting, and reflecting the physiological function. Second, the collecting time and method are kept sternly, because the methods of saliva collecting vary depending on the goal of study. Third, the specific tools for saliva collecting are recommended to prevent contamination. In conclusion, if the standard methods of saliva collecting is kept to measure salivary cortisol, it would be very useful in many fields of Korean Medicine.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-31
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop the qualification system for training of Quality improvement professionals who work for improving patients' safety and healthcare quality. Methods : Based on the various laws and regulations, and the operational status of other professionals' qualification systems, a basic plan of professional qualification system of QI was drawn. And through meetings with QI experts, the final scheme of the concrete qualification system was developed. Results : For management of professionals's certification or qualification, fairness and reliability are important. To do this, setting the official standard, providing a standardized training program and having appropriate qualification test are required. In order to operate the qualification system strategically, 1) the introduction step, 2) dissemination and expansion step, and 3) fusing step should be considered. As a governing body for QI specialists' qualification, 'QI professionals' qualification Center (tentative)' must have the committee to assure fairness, professionalism, and reliability. In addition, 'QI Experts Certification Department (tentative)" to develop standards for the qualification tests and conduct the tests program,' QI experts Education Department (tentative name)" must be able to operate and maintain the QI training for professional qualifications. QI professional qualification exam must be taken by everyone regardless of age, gender, race, occupation, education, and work experience. The examination should include management, leadership, strategic planning and design, quality management, health care information, patient safety culture. Practical training courses can have three step programs; beginning, intermediate and special level. Conclusion : The QI qualification system need strategic approaches for the experts working for healthcare quality improvement and patient safety. It should include the program of standardized contents and test, and operating protocol of the qualificaton system.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2014

Reliability of the novel automatic system capable of measuring both St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle at a time was evaluated through the calculation of its repeatability and reproducibility based on TAPPI Standard Method T 1200. As the basis weight of paper specimen increased, the repeatability and reproducibility of the automatic system became more improved than those from Hercules sizing test and contact angle test designated on TAPPI Standard Method T 530 and T 558. The more improved repeatability and reproducibility implies that a single tester can obtain the similar results under similar test conditions in spite of repetitive testing using the automatic system, and likewise that multiple testers can respectively reproduce similar data without big variation from the same paper specimen using the automatic system. In conclusion, this study is greatly meaningful in having developed the world's first automatic system to measure both St$\ddot{o}$ckigt sizing degree and contact angle simultaneously with excellent repeatability and reproducibility.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

Fatigue cracks due to thermal stratification or corrosion in pipelines of nuclear power plants can cause serious problems on reactor cooling system. Therefore, the development of an integrated technology including fabrication of standard specimens and their practical usage is needed to enhance the reliability of nondestructive testing. The test material was austenitic STS 304, which is used as pipelines in the Reactor Coolant System of a nuclear power plants. The best condition for fabrication of thermal fatigue cracks at the notch plate was selected using the thermal stress analysis of ANSYS. The specimen was installed from the tensile tester and underwent continuos tension loads of 51,000N. Then, after the specimen was heated to $450^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute using HF induction heater, it was cooled to $20^{\circ}C$ in 1 minute using a mixture of dry ice and water. The initial crack was generated at 17,000 cycles, 560 hours later (1cycle/2min.) and the depth of the thermal fatigue crack reached about 40% of the thickness of the specimen at 22,000 cycles. As a results of optical microscope and SEM analysis, it is confirmed that fabricated thermal fatigue cracks have the same characteristics as real fatigue cracks in nuclear power plants. The crack shape and size were identified.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.435-450
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a standard tool for pattern identifications in Korean Medicine for depression. Methods: The advisor committee for this study was organized by 15 Korean Medicine neuropsychiatry professors from 11 Colleges of Korean Medicine. The items and structure of the tools were based on reviews of published literature. In order to develop the tool, we took the consultation from discussions with the advisor committee twice and also incorporated additional advices from e-mail correspondences. Results: 1) We divided the symptoms and signs of depression into 11 pattern identifications. 2) We obtained the mean weights which reflected the standard deviations from each symptoms of the 11 pattern identifications which were scored on a 100-point scale by 15 experts. 3) We designed the Korean medicine pattern identification tool for depression. It was composed of 66 questions in the question- and-answer format. Conclusions: There are some points which should be considered in this study. First, we couldn't reach a complete agreement on the concept of 11 patterns. Second, each pattern identification has a different number of symptoms and signs. In addition, the items of symptoms and signs of each pattern identification are unequal. Third, as we did not set any clinical trials when using this tool, it was not possible to test its validity and reliability. Although there are some limits in this study, the development of pattern identification tools for depression through discussions with the advisor committee is meaningful. If the validity and reliability of the Korean Medicine pattern identification tools for depression are confirmed through clinical trial,s this tool is expected to be applied to the subsequent researches in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2005

This study was investigated with sample digestion techniques and a reliability of the analytical results for a quantitative analysis of a standard reference material ('urban particulate matter', SRM 1648). The metallic elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with closed vessel microwave acid digestion method and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Quality control of the overall analytical procedures for metallic element determinations of standard reference material were estimated by analysis of a SRM 1648. Three digestion solutions $(type\;1:\;HNO_3,\;type\;2:\;HNO_3\;and\;H2O_2(4'1)\;mixture,\;type\;3:5.55\%\; HNO_3\;and\;16.75\%\;HCI\;mixture)$ were applied to SRM 1648. As a result, three digestion solutions used in this study are completely unable to digest Cr of SRM 1648. Reliability of Cr and As showed some errors in the digestion with digestion solution type (3) due to the influence of chlorides. Type (3) digestion solutions are sufficient to fulfill the digestion of As as well as Se in SRM 1648. ICP-MS results showed the improvement in accurate and precise determination of some trace elements like Cd, V and Pb in SRM 1648. It is important to use the proper digestion solution for each element to qualify analytical precision.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 1999

This study was conducted to identity the degree of burden and social support perceived by mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients. Also, relations between burden and social support were investigated to provide basis data for their family health and nursing intervention. The study subjects were mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in 2 Pediatric wards of University Hospital in Seoul and 1 in Pusan from Jun. 1, 1998 to Jun. 30, 1998. Burden measurement Instrument for this study was designed by the researcher and its basis in one developed by Montgomery et al.(1985) and the reliability was .78. Also. P.R.Q. Part I, II by Brandt and Weinert(1981) was used as social support measurement instrument and the reliability .71. The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA Pearson correlation. The result were as follows. 1. Burden felt by mothers shows an average value of 60.82 (Maximum 86, Standard deviation 1.244). 2. Of the mother characteristics, the score of burden was high in case of no religion and low income. Of the patient characteristics, the score burden ranked as high MCNS, doing oral therapy, injection therapy at the same time and negative perceived patients condition. 3. The mean score of support was 77.54(Maximum 96, Standard deviation 1.096). 4. The main supporters were husband (the highest), brother, sister, health speciality and the subject expressed the highest satisfaction toward supporters in chronic disease. 5. Of the patient characteristics, the higher age group and the elder group showed high support. Also, positive perceived patient's condition, high support. 6. The relationship between burden and social support is not significant. In conclusion to the above study, the researcher suggests. 1. The Qualitative research to investigate influential factors on burden of family of nephrotic syndrome patients is needed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2016

Recently, studies on reducing mercury have been actively conducted worldwide, which include the current status of mercury emissions and mercury control technology. Among the control technology, Sorbent Trap measurement method has been aggressively developed due to its reliability, easiness in measurement and analysis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the new international measurement method; Sorbent Trap. For this, the study compared the Sorbent trap method (US EPA Method 30B) and the Korean Standard Method for Examination of Air (ES 01408.1) to evaluate their reliability, and developed mercury emission factors. As the result, the relative standard deviations (% RSD) of the two methods were 3.5~13.4% at Coal-fired Power Plants (CPP), 4.0~18.4% at Cement Kilns (CK), and 3.0~11.3% at Medical Waste Incinerators (MWI). The emissions factors were developed as 14.50 kg/ton at CPP, 45.10 kg/ton at CK, and 1,290.2 kg/ton at MWI.