• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2021

The aim is to find cyber measures in consideration of physical CPTED in order to prepare countermeasures for cybercrime prevention. For this, the six applied principles of CPTED were used as the standard. A new control item was created in connection with the control items of ISO27001. A survey was conducted on former and current investigators and security experts. As a result of the reliability analysis, the Kronbar alpha coefficient value was 0.947, indicating the reliability of the statistical value. As a result of factor analysis, it was reduced to six factors. The following are six factors and countermeasures. Nature monitoring blocks opportunities and strengthens business continuity. Access control is based on management system compliance, personnel security. Reinforcement of territoriality is reinforcement of each wife and ethics. Establishment of security policy to enhance readability, security system maintenance. Increasing usability is seeking ways to utilize, periodic incentives. For maintenance, security education is strength and security-related collective cooperation is conducted. The differentiation of this study was to find countermeasures against cybercrime in the psychological part of the past. However, they approached to find in cyber measures. The limitation of the study is to bring the concept of physical CPTED to the cyber concept.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.170-175
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• 2022

Reactive failure management techniques are required to mitigate the impact of errors in high performance computing. Checkpoint is the standard recovery technique for coping with errors. An application employing checkpoints periodically saves its state, so that when an error occurs while some task is executing, the application is rolled back to its last checkpointed task and resumes execution from that task onward. In this paper, assuming the time-to-errors are independent each other and generally distributed, we analyze the checkpointing model with instantaneous error detection. The conventional assumption that two or more errors do not take place between two consecutive checkpoints is removed. Given the checkpointing time, down-time, and recovery time, we derive the reliability of the checkpointing model. When the time-to-error follows an exponential distribution, we obtain the optimal checkpointing interval to achieve the maximum reliability.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2023

Due to the spread of COVID-19, many patients with severe respiratory diseases have occurred worldwide, and accordingly, the use of mechanical ventilators has exploded. However, hospitals do not have systematic risk management, and the Medical Device Regulation also provides medical device risk management standards for manufacturers, but does not apply to devices in use. In this paper, we applied the Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) risk analysis technique based on the International Standard ISO 14971 (Medical Devices-Application of risk management to medical devices) for 85 mechanical ventilators of a specific model in use in hospitals. Failure modes and effects of each parts were investigated, and risk priority was derived through multiplication of each score by preparing criteria for severity, occurrence, and detection for each failure mode. As a result, it was confirmed that the microprocessor-based Patient Unit/Monitoring board in charge of monitoring scored the highest score with 36 points, and that reliability management is possible through systematic risk management according to priority.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the differences in winged scapula between the symptomatic side and asymptomatic side, the reliability of the winged scapula test, and the correlation between winged scapula and the stability of the scapula in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods: Twenty-four patients with unilateral subacromial impingement syndrome participated in this study. Winged scapula was compared between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides using a scapulometer. The reliability of the scapulometer was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal clinically important difference (MCID). The correlation between winged scapula and the results of the upper quarter Y-balance test were also obtained. Conclusion: Winged scapula was significantly greater on the symptomatic side compared with the asymptomatic side (p < 0.05). High to excellent ICCs were obtained for the winged scapula test, and SEM and MCID values were obtained for winged scapula (SEM: 0.2-0.3 cm, MCID: 0.6-0.8 cm); however, winged scapula and the results of the upper quarter Y-balance test were not correlated. Conclusion: The scapulometer is useful for measuring winged scapula in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2023

The agricultural tractor ROPS test method according to OECD code 4 is a test to assess whether the driver's safety area can be secured when a tractor overturns, and reliability should be ensured. In this study, a model formula and procedure for calculating measurement uncertainty expressing reliability in the field of agricultural machinery testing were established according to the ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008. The characteristics of the ROPS test device were assessed and repeated tests were performed, and the were used as factors to calculate the measurement uncertainty. As a result of repeated tests, the accuracy was higher than 1.9 % in all load directions; thus, they were, applied to calculate the type A standard uncertainty. The final expanded uncertainty was calculated within the range of less than ± 7.76 kN of force and ± 6.96 mm of deformation in all load directions.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.527-539
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• 2023

In the positioning algorithm of two-dimensional planar sensor array, the estimation error of time difference-ofarrival (TDOA) algorithm is difficult to avoid. Thus, how to achieve accurate positioning is a key problem of the positioning technology based on planar array. In this paper, a method of sensor reliability discrimination is proposed, which is the foundation for selecting positioning sensors with small error and excellent performance, simplifying algorithm, and improving positioning accuracy. Then, a positioning model is established. The estimation characteristics of the least square method are fully utilized to calculate and fuse the positioning results, and the non-uniform weighting method is used to correct the weighting factors. It effectively handles the decreased positioning accuracy due to measurement errors, and ensures that the algorithm performance is improved significantly. Finally, the characteristics of the improved algorithm are compared with those of other algorithms. The experiment data demonstrate that the algorithm is better than the standard least square method and can improve the positioning accuracy effectively, which is suitable for vibration detection with large noise interference.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.39-54
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop a parent play interaction observation scale (PPIOS-Toddler) and analyze it in terms of item discrimination, reliability, and validity. Methods: The subjects of the study were 97 toddlers and mothers. This scale consisted of three categories, six domains and 22 items on a 5-point scale. For the item discrimination of the observation scale, an independent standard t-test was conducted to analyze the significant difference in average between the upper and lower groups for each item. The reliability of the observation scale was calculated by Cronbach's α, the intra-item agreement, and the validity was examined through content validity, the correlation between subdomains and total scores, and official validity using PICCOLO. Results: In item discrimination analysis, all items exhibited differences between upper and lower groups. The overall internal agreement for the observation scale was 0.95, with factor-specific internal agreement ranging from 0.83 to 0.95. The observation scale demonstrated notable correlations between total scores and sub-factors (0.45 to 0.93) and significant correlations with PICCOLO total scores (0.66 to 0.86). Conclusion/Implications: The study successfully verified the item discrimination, reliability, and validity of the Parent Play Interaction Observation Scale (PPIOS-Toddler).

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2007

This paper describes the development of a scale for measuring top management commitment towards continual quality performance improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A set of self-assessment questions of the ISO 9004: 2000 Standard was used to assess the adoption status of quality management practices. This paper investigates the inter-item reliability and the content validity of the Quality Management Principles Scale (QMPS) in an integrated improvement process in SMEs. An empirical study was conducted to acquire senior management views on the use of the QMPS in manufacturing sectors in Trinidad and Tobago. Based on 328 responses from 110 SMEs, statistical software packages were used to analyse the empirical data and determine the reliability and validity of the QMPS. The paper contributes to develop a self-assessment scale that can be used to measure top management commitment. It is anticipated that the findings would provide practical insights for evaluating the levels of maturity on performance improvement in SMEs.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.1
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• pp.345-360
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• 2003

To build an information oriented armed forces, the Korean military telecommunication networks adopt TCP/IP standard communication infrastructures based on ATM packet switched networks. Utilizing this network infrastructure, the Korean armed forces also applies to the areas of battleship management for efficient operation command controls and resource management for efficient resource allocations. In this military communication networks, it is essential to determine the least cost network topology under equal performance and reliability constraints. Basically, this type of communication network design problem is known in the literature as an NP Hard problem. As the number of network node increases, it is very hard to obtain an optimal solution in polynomial time. Therefore, it is reasonable to use a heuristic algorithm which provides a good solution with minimal computational efforts. In this study, we developed a simulated annealing based heuristic algorithm which can be utilized for the design of military communication networks. The developed algorithm provides a good packet switched network topology which satisfies a given set of performance and reliability constraints with reasonable computation times.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.14-20
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• 2012

A properly determined separation minima applied in Air Traffic Management(ATM) is critical for safe and efficient aircraft operations. The separation minima is primarily determined by the accuracy performance of surveillance system, and, due to the stringent aviation safety standard, the position accuracy of the surveillance system must be estimated with a high level of reliability. This study proposed a method for estimating the position accuracy of surveillance system with a relatively small amount of data by finding upper confidence limit instead of maximum likelihood values of unknown parameters. Through the proposed method, it is possible to determine a required separation minima with a more reliability in the face of data scarcity which often occurs when we implement a new surveillance system such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B).