• Title/Summary/Keyword: Relative convergence

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Fast Determination of Multiple-Reaction Intermediates for Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acid Biotransformation by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector

  • Cho, Yong-Han;Lee, Hye-Jin;Lee, Jung-Eun;Kim, Soo-Jung;Park, Kyungmoon;Lee, Do Yup;Park, Yong-Cheol
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.704-708
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    • 2015
  • For the analysis of multiple-reaction intermediates for long-chain dicarboxylic acid biotransformation, simple and reproducible methods of extraction and derivatization were developed on the basis of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) instead of mass spectrometry. In the derivatization step, change of the ratio of pyridine to MSTFA from 1:3 to 9:1 resulted in higher peak intensity (p = 0.021) and reproducibility (0.6%CV) when analyzing 32 g/l ricinoleic acid (RA). Extraction of RA and ω-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid with water containing 100 mM Tween 80 showed 90.4-99.9% relative extraction efficiency and 2-7%CV compared with those with hydrophobic ethyl acetate. In conclusion, reduction of the pyridine content and change of the extraction solvent to water with Tween 80 provided compatible derivatization and extraction methods to GC-FID-based analysis of longchain carboxylic acids.

A Da7a-Recycling Sign Algorithm for Adaptive Equalization (데이터 재활용 방식을 적용한 부호 알고리듬)

  • 김남용
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.130-135
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    • 2002
  • A new Sign algorithm which has improved convergence speed is presented. The data-recycling technique, whose coefficients are multiply adapted in a symbol time period by recycling the received data, is applied to Sign algorithm which has few multiplications. Sign algorithm has very few multiplications and is the most easily implemented, but it gives small rate of convergence relative to others. The proposed algorithm combines the advatage of Sign algorithm, few multiplications, and the virtue of Data-Recycling LMS algorithm, simplicity and fast convergence. The results of computer simulation show that the proposed algorithm has 2 times faster convergence rate than that of LMS algorithm. Comparing to Data-Recycling LMS algorithm, in similar convergence conditions, it requires half fewer multiplications.

Study on the Innovation Acceptance Characteristics for Digital Convergence Products (혁신수용특성에 대한 디지털 컨버전스 제품 수용의도에 대한 연구)

  • Suh, Hyun-Suk;Park, So-Hee
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.51-67
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    • 2011
  • This research looks at the innovative product characteristics, environmental properties, and personal attitudes as antecedents of consumer's perceived usefulness and easiness of product usage. And the attitudes toward digital convergence products and its acceptability as consequences. The results indicate that relative advantage, expectation for better product, the social influence, mass communications, and attitudes toward the new technology, significantly influence the perceived usefulness. The current research revealed that perceived usefulness is more influential over perceived easiness on the formation of positive attitude toward the product. The users of digital convergence products put more weight on the availability of the product functions rather than easiness of use.

Comparative Analysis of the Status of Restaurant Start-ups Before and After the Lifting of Social Distancing Through Big Data Analysis

  • Jong-Hyun Park;Yang-Ja Bae;Jun-Ho Park;Gi-Hwan Ryu
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2023
  • This paper explores notable shifts in the restaurant startup market following the lifting of social distancing measures. Key trends identified include an escalated interest in startups, a heightened focus on the quality and diversity of food, a relative decline in the importance of delivery services, and a growing interest in specific industry sectors. The study's data collection spanned three years, from April 2021 to May 2023, encompassing the period before and after social distancing. Data were sourced from a range of online platforms, including blogs, news sites, cafes, web documents, and intellectual forums, provided by Naver, Daum, and Google. From this collected data, the top 50 words were identified through a refinement process. The analysis was structured around the social distancing application period, comparing data from April 2021 to April 2022 with data from May 2022 to May 2023. These observed trend changes provide founders with valuable insights to seize new market opportunities and formulate effective startup strategies. In summary, We offer crucial insights for founders, enabling them to comprehend the evolving dynamics in food service startups and to adapt their strategies to the current market environment.

Effect of Thermal Diffusion on Autumn Traffic in Street Space (가을철 교통조건에 따른 가로공간 열확산 분포 영향)

  • Yoon, Yong-Han;Kim, Jeong-Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.467-481
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    • 2017
  • This study sought to determine the changes in weather conditions in urban streets, along with conditions of traffic and roads in urban areas. The variations in weather conditions depending on traffic differed according to distance. First, the temperature difference measured by traffic results is as follows: T1 point $1.03^{\circ}C$, T2 point $1.04^{\circ}C$, T3 point $0.9^{\circ}C$, T4 point $1.01^{\circ}C$, and T5 point $0.31^{\circ}C$. The average difference between the measured temperatures by the point of measurement was $0.86^{\circ}C$. The changes in wind velocity according to traffic volume results of the measurements is T1 point 1.32 m/s, T2 point 0.80 m/s, T3 point 0.29 m/s, T4 point 0.04 m/s, and T5 point 0.09 m/s. The difference between the average wind speeds was 0.51 m/s and traffic jams caused substantial differences in distance. The relative humidity tended to be inversely proportional to temperature. The measurements results ares T1 point 2.29%, T2 point 2.67%, T3 point 2.47%, T4 point 2.16%, and T5 point 0.91% The difference between the average relative humidity was 7.3%. In case of independent sampling T test according to traffic volume, changes in wind velocity and temperature were directly proportional to the level of statistical significance(p<0.01). On the other hand, relative humidity tended to be inversely proportional; however, there was no statistical significance.

Relative Influence of Surface and Interfacial Defects in Hydrothermally Grown Nanostructured ZnO (수열 합성된 나노구조를 갖는 ZnO 에 대한 표면 및 계면 결함의 상대적인 영향)

  • Park, Cheolmin;Lee, Jihye;So, Hye-Mi;Chang, Won Seok
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.38 no.10
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    • pp.831-835
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    • 2014
  • The relative concentration of surface and interfacial defects in hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructures was investigated by a comparison of two samples having different growth temperatures via bias voltage sweep rate under laser illumination of 405 and 355 nm. The current of small ZnO nanostructures (growth temperature of $75^{\circ}C$) decreased when induced more slowly bias voltage sweep rate under the laser illumination. In contrast, the current of large ZnO nanostructures (growth temperature of $90^{\circ}C$) increased. This difference in currents indicates the relation of relative defects concentration between surface and interfacial defects of ZnO nanostructure. Our experimental approach has potential applicability in the analysis of influence on defects in ZnO devices.

Derivation of EEG Spectrum-based Feature Parameters for Mental Fatigue Determination (정신적 피로 판별을 위한 뇌파 스펙트럼 기반 특징 파라미터 도출)

  • Seo, Ssang-Hee
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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    • v.11 no.10
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    • pp.10-19
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, we tried to derive characteristic parameters that reflect mental fatigue through EEG measurement and analysis. For this purpose, mental fatigue was induced through a resting state with eyes closed and performing subtraction operations in mental arithmetic for 30 minutes. Five subjects participated in the experiment, and all subjects were right-handed male students in university, with an average age of 25.5 years. Spectral analysis was performed on the EEG collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment to derive feature parameters reflecting mental fatigue. As a result of the analysis, the absolute power of the alpha band in the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe increased as the mental fatigue increased, while the relative power decreased. Also, the difference in power between resting state and task state showed that the relative power was larger than the absolute power. These results indicate that alpha relative power in the occipital lobe and temporal lobe is a feature parameter reflecting mental fatigue. The results of this study can be utilized as feature parameters for the development of an automated system for mental fatigue determination such as fatigue and drowsiness while driving.

Analytical Study on the Priority in Hospital Administrative Strategy for Improvement of Medical Service (의료서비스 향상을 위한 병원 행정전략의 우선순위 분석)

  • Kim, You Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.10 no.10
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    • pp.259-266
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the need for changes in the administration strategies of hospitals which would be vital for building up competitiveness of hospitals amid the changes in medical market. For that, 20 experts with doctoral degree in public administration and business administration related to the field of hospital administration were selected as the sampling group in the survey. Regarding the method of AHP survey as in this survey. The results showed that the factors were important in the order of medical staff factor(ranked first), overall facility factor(ranked second), staff service factor(ranked third), and access factor(ranked fourth). Second, the relative importance was in the order of medical staff specialization(ranked first), medical staff diversity(ranked second), and medical equipment level(ranked third), regarding the relative importance for general hospital development strategy and the complex weighted value for relative importance.

Tunable laser source using a self-seeding FP-LD (Self-seeding FP-LD을 이용한 파장 가변 레이저 광원)

  • Kim, Jung-Min;Lee, Hyuek-Jae
    • Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.104-109
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    • 2021
  • In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a self-seeding FP-LD (Fabry Perot Laser Diode) to verify the possibility of a new tunable light source that can be used in WDM-PON (Wavelength Division Multiplexing - Passive Optical Network) system. The conventional implementation of WDM-PON using a tunable light source has a disadvantage that the center wavelength of the AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) device and the tunable light source must be precisely aligned. However, the proposed tunable light source has the advantage that the tunable wavelength is automatically aligned with the center wavelength of the AWG as well as simple structure. The implemented tunable light source had a tunable band of about 14 nm or more, and the maximum RIN (Relative Intensity Noise) of about -124 dB/Hz, which showed the possibility of modulating 10 Gb/s signal by an external modulator.

Exploratory Analysis to Investigate the Process Effectiveness of IT Convergence based Service Industry Model (IT융합 서비스 산업 모델의 프로세스 효과성 탐색)

  • Han, Hyun-Soo;Moon, Tae-Eun
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.227-242
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    • 2012
  • It is a daunting task to theorize the process effectiveness of IT convergence based service model. Despite the criticalness of investigating process enhancement impact of IT-convergence based service model, the theoretical research in this field is relatively scarce, possibly due to the too wide and comprehensiveness of research scope. In this vein, we conducted exploratory study to understand the contributional impact of IT convergence based service model on resolving service process limitations. We first identified five IT convergence based service models in the area of typical service industry, which include entertainment, learning, location based services, tourism, and healthcare. Our research model classified value creation factors of the IT convergence model in twofold. The one is defined as basic value creation factor of the IT convergence, which is treated as the second-order factor that consists of two first-order factors of mobile functionality and Internet with digital contents merging functionality. The other is defined as service process limitations resolving factor which are comprised with the two first-order factors of simultaneousity and perishability. Both the second-order factors are modeled, each respectively, with the two first-order factors in formative manner. Using PLS, empirical validation is executed to analyze each value creating factor's contribution impact on the relative advantage, as well as the mediating effect of basic value creation factor on resolving service process limitations. On the basis of the insights revealed from this paper, further theory building research could be elaborated in the area of IT convergence applications for service industry.