• Title/Summary/Keyword: Relative convergence

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Changes in Visual Function After Viewing an Anaglyph 3D Image (Anaglyph 3D입체 영상 시청 후의 시기능 변화)

  • Lee, Wook-Jin;Kwak, Ho-Won;Son, Jeong-Sik;Kim, In-Su;Yu, Dong-Sik
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: This study aimed to compare and assess changes of visual functions in viewing an anaglyph 3D image. Methods: Visual functions were examined before and after viewing a 2D image and an anaglyph 3D image with red-green glasses on seventy college students (mean age = 22.29${\pm}$2.19 years). Visual function tests were carried out for von Graefe phoria test, accommodative amplitude test by (-) lens addition, negative relative accommodation (NRA) and positive relative accommodation (PRA) test, negative relative convergence (NRC) and positive relative convergence (PRC) test, accommodative facility, and vergence facility test. Results: Assessment of the visual functions indicated that near exophoria and accommodative amplitude were reduced after viewing a 3D image, and although there were small changes in relation to these findings, NRC and PRC showed tendencies to increase and decrease at near, respectively. There were no significant changes with NRA and PRA, and accommodative and vergence facility were shown to have improved. Conclusions: Changes of visual functions were more in the 3D image than the 2D image, especially at near than distance. Particularly, the improvement of accommodative and vergence facility could be related to an effect of subsequent accommodation and vergence shift to have stereopsis in the 3D image. These results indicate that an anaglyph 3D image may, to some extent, be the effect of vision training such as anaglyphs.

INEXACT-NEWTON METHOD FOR SOLVING OPERATOR EQUATIONS IN INFINITE-DIMENSIONAL SPACES

  • Liu Jing;Gao Yan
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.22 no.1_2
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    • pp.351-360
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, we develop an inexact-Newton method for solving nonsmooth operator equations in infinite-dimensional spaces. The linear convergence and superlinear convergence of inexact-Newton method under some conditions are shown. Then, we characterize the order of convergence in terms of the rate of convergence of the relative residuals. The present inexact-Newton method could be viewed as the extensions of previous ones with same convergent results in finite-dimensional spaces.

A Case Study of Back-analysis Technique in Tunnelling Using Extended Bayesian Method and Relative Convergence Measurement (확장 Baysian 방법과 상대변위를 이용한 터널 역해석 기법의 적용사례연구)

  • Lee In-Mo;Choi Min-Kwang;Cho Kook-Hwan;Lee Geun-Ha;Choi Chung-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.109-118
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    • 2005
  • It is a very difficult task to estimate engineering properties of the ground when designing underground structures, especially in tunnelling. Therefore, a feed-back system to combine the data measured in construction field with priorly estimated information at the design stage is necessary. In this paper, 3-dimensional back-analysis in tunnelling, to which only relative convergence is applied as input values, is carried out to estimate the optimum geotechnical parameters. For this purpose, the Extended Bayesian Method (EBM), which appropriately combines the objective information with the subjective one, is applied to optimize engineering parameters and 3-dimensional numerical analysis is carried out to predict a trend of relative convergence occurrence. The data measured from two tunnelling sites are used to verify the applicability of the proposed back-analysis technique. from the results of analysis, the proposed back-analysis technique is verified.

CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR SET VALUED AND FUZZY VALUED MARTINGALES AND SMARTINGALES

  • Li, Shoumei;Ogura, Yukio
    • Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.765-782
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this paper is to give convergence theorems both for closed convex set valued and relative fuzzy valued martingales, and sub- and super- martingales. These kinds of martingales, sub- and super-martingales are the extension of classical real valued martingales, sub- and super-martingales. Here we compare two kinds of convergences, in the Hausdorff metric and in the Kuratowski-Mosco sense. We also introduce a new convergence for the fuzzy valued case in the graph sense and obtain convergence theorems.

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Preliminary Development of Pinwheel Model Created by Convergent Truss Structure with Biological DNA Structure (생물학적 DNA 구조와 트러스구조의 융합으로 개발한 바람개비형 모델 선행연구)

  • Choi, Jeongho
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.181-190
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    • 2016
  • The objective of this study is to find the effective stiffness and compressive strengths of a unit-cell pinwheel truss and double pinwheel truss model designed following a double helical geometry similar to that of the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure in biology. The ideal solution for their derived relative density is correlated with a ratio of the truss thickness and length. To validate the relative stiffness or relative strength, ABAQUS software is used for the computational model analysis on five models having a different size of truss diameter from 1mm to 5mm. Applied material properties are stainless steel type 304. The boundary conditions applied were fixed bottom and 5 mm downward displacement. It was assumed that the width, length, and height are all equal. Consequently, it is found that the truss model has a lower effective stiffness and a lower effective yielding strength.

The Effect of the Substituent Direction of Monosubstituted Hydroquinones upon the Transition Temperatures of the Resulting Thermotropic Polysesters (1치환 하이드로퀴논의 치환방향이 열굴절 폴리에스테르의 전이온도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, sung-gu;Lee, Jin-sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.147-152
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    • 2002
  • Because of the difference of the relative reactivity between two hydroxyl groups of the hydroquinone due to the steric hindrance of the substituent, many combinations of the substituent direction in the polyesters derived from asymmetrical diphenols such as monosubstituted hydroquinones was expected. It was studied how the mode of the direction affected the properties of the resulting polyesters in terms of the transition temperatures of the thermotropic polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid, 2,4-dichloroterephthalic acid, and phenylhydroquinone by the reaction using p-Toluenesulfonylchloride in pyridine. The direction was tried to control the relative reactivity by changing the reaction temperature and addition time of the hydroquinone, and by modifying it through an association of the hydroquinones with DMF.

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A New Convergence Behavior of the Least Mean K-power Adaptive Algorithm

  • Lee, Kang-Seung
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2001.09a
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    • pp.915-918
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    • 2001
  • In this paper we study a new convergence behavior of the least mean fourth (LMF) algorithm where the error raised to the power of four is minimized for a multiple sinusoidal input and Gaussian measurement noise. Here we newly obtain the convergence equation for the sum of the mean of the squared weight errors, which indicates that the transient behavior can differ depending on the relative sizes of the Gaussian noise and the convergence constant. It should be noted that no similar results can be expected from the previous analysis by Walach and Widrow.

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A New Convergence Behavior of the Least Mean Fourth Adaptive Algorithm for a Multiple Sinusoidal Input

  • Lee, Kang-Seung
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.26 no.12A
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    • pp.2043-2049
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    • 2001
  • In this paper we study the convergence behavior of the least mean fourth(LMF) algorithm where the error raised to the power of four is minimized for a multiple sinusoidal input and Gaussian measurement noise. Here we newly obtain the convergence equation for the sum of the mean of the squared weight errors, which indicates that the transient behavior can differ depending on the relative sizes of the Gaussian noise and the convergence constant. It should be noted that no similar results can be expected from the previous analysis by Walach add Widrow.

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A New Result on the Convergence Behavior of the Least Mean Fourth Algorithm for a Multiple Sinusoidal Input

  • Lee, Kang-Seung
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.18 no.2E
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    • pp.3-9
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    • 1999
  • In this paper we study the convergence behavior of the least mean fourth(LMF) algorithm where the error raised to the power of four is minimized for a multiple sinusoidal input and Gaussian measurement noise. Here we newly obtain the convergence equation for the sum of the mean of the squared weight errors, which indicates that the transient behavior can differ depending on the relative sizes of the Gaussian noise and the convergence constant. It should be noted that no similar results can be expected from the previous analysis by Walach and Widrow/sup [1]/.

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Localization Algorithm of Multiple-AUVs Utilizing Relative 3D Observations (3차원 상대 관측 정보를 통한 다중자율무인잠수정의 위치추정 알고리즘)

  • Choi, Kihwan;Lee, Gwonsoo;Lee, Phil-Yeob;Kim, Ho Sung;Lee, Hansol;Kang, Hyungjoo;Lee, Jihong
    • The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.110-117
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    • 2022
  • This paper describes a localization algorithm utilizing relative observations for multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (Multiple-AUVs). In order to maximize the efficiency of operation and mission accomplishment and to prevent problems such as collision and interference, the locations and directions of Multiple-AUVs must be precisely estimated. To estimate the locations and directions, we designed a localization algorithm utilizing relative observations and verified it with simulations based on sensor data sets acquired through real sea experiments. Also, an optimal combination of relative observation information for efficient localization is figured out through combining various relative observations. The proposed method shows improved localization results compared to those only using the navigation algorithm. The performance of localization is improved up to 58% depending on the combination of relative observations.