• 분석과학
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2020

The objectives of the present study were to assess the oxidative stability of South Korean n-3 (omega-3 fatty acid) supplements carried out from 2018 to 2019 and evaluate the influence of product characteristics on oxidative safety. A total of 76 n-3 supplements were analysed for oxidation safety by four markers, including acid value (AV), primary oxidation (peroxide value, PV), secondary oxidation (p-anisidine value, pAV) and total oxidation value (TOTOX). Among the supplements tested, 5.3 %, 55.3 %, 28.9 % and 46.1 % exceeded the international voluntary recommended levels for AV, PV, pAV and TOTOX, respectively. Purity (%) of products, remainder of expiration date (suggested shelf life), package in press through package (PTP) and products with additives had statistically significant differences oxidation assessment levels (p < 0.05). In addition, n-3 group found in Algae oil had significantly lower AV levels than the group that did not, and product with Alaska pollack oil, had significantly higher pAV levels than without group (p < 0.05). The high oxidation status of South Korean n-3 products in the present study could not be considered a public health problem right now. However, the levels of oxidation may affect a lot the efficacy and safety of using n-3 supplements. Thus, current oxidation safety limits should be reestablished by regulatory bodies to ensure the safety and efficacy of n-3 supplements, so that the standards could be applied to the products available to consumers.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.315-318
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 금형분야의 국가기술자격 운영현황을 검토하고, 금형분야 기능장, 기사, 산업기사, 기능사 자격의 새로운 발전방향을 제시하는데 있다. 금형분야 자격이 발전되기 위해서는 금형분야 자격에 대한 자격구조 분석을 실시하여 산업현장의 기술변화 내용을 수용할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 금형분야 국가기술자격 종목을 대상으로 노동시장 수요에 맞는 역할 모형 설정 원칙을 기본으로 하여 자격의 구조를 분석하고, 자격에 대한 구체적인 신설${\cdot}$통합${\cdot}$폐지${\cdot}$출제기준 수정의 준거를 마련하여 산업현장전문가 표적집단면접조사(Focus Group Interview)를 통해 자격종목의 재정비 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2001

Intestinal absorption of dietary taurine is one of the regulatory component maintaining taurine homeostasis along with renal reabsorption, bile acid conjugation and secretion, and de nobo synthesis of taurine in mammals. Recent observations of decreased enterocytic levels of taurine in response to trauma, infection and surgical insults, postulate the possibility that intestinal taurine absorption might be impaired in such stressed conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in enterocytic taurine transporter activity using the human intestinal colon carcinoma cell line, HT-29, in various stress-induced conditions. Pretreatment of the HT-29 cells with dexamethasone, a stress hormone(0.1,1,10 or 100$\mu$M) for 3 hrs, or with E coli heat-stable enterotoxin(10, 100, or 200nM) for 30 minutes in order to induce the condition of enterotoxigenic infection did not influence taurine uptake as compared to the value found in control cells. In contrast, pretreatment of the cells with cholera toxin(10, 100, 500, or 1000ng/ml)for 3hr or 24hr significantly decreased taurine uptake by HT-29 cells to 40~50% of the value found in untreated control cells. Kinetic studies of the taurine transporter activity were conducted in control and cholera toxin treated HT-29 cells with varying taurine concentrations(2~60$\mu$M) in the uptake medium. Pretreatment of the cells with cholera toxin(100ng/ml) for 3hr did not influence the Vmax, but resulted in a 55% increase in the Michaelis-Menten constant(Km) of the taurine transporter compared to those in control cells. These results suggest that cholera toxin-induced reduction in taurine transporter activity in HT-29 cells is associated with decreased affinity of the taurine transporter without altering the amount of transporter protein. Intestinal taurine absorption appears to be reduced in the condition of water-borne diseases caused by bacteria such as V. cholerae. This might influence the taurine status of infants and young children more readily, an age group in which the prevalence of intestinal infection is high and the role of intestinal absorption is crucial for maintaining the body taurine pool. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 150-157, 2001)

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.808-817
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• 2001

To survey the present status of the gerontological nursing course at three year diploma programs, baccalaureate degree programs(BSN), and graduate programs in Korea, and to analyze the contents of the syllabus and gerontological nursing textbooks to provide the basic data in developing a standard model for gerontological nursing curriculum. Method: Data was collected from all the nursing programs in Korea from Nov. 2000 to Feb. 2001 by mail and fax. Result: The gerontological nursing courses has been offered 36 diploma program, 40 BSN, and 17 graduate programs. And the credits of the gerontological nursing course offered by the program were as follows : one credit (10 diploma and 8 BSN), two credits (22 diploma and 29 BSN), and three credits (1 BSN). The contents of curri- culum were analyzed by comparing the core curriculum of NGNA. The majority of the schools included Gerontological Nursing in General, Theory of Aging, Aging Processes, Care Plan Options, and Common Health Problems. The subjects which very few school cover are Legal/ Ethical Issues, Evaluation, Regulatory & Reimbursement Issues, Education Issues, Nursing Research in Gerontology, and Environmental Issues of Older Adults. There were some differences in these results among diploma courses, BSNs, and graduate schools. The gerontological nursing textbooks contained similar contents to those of the diploma and the baccalaureate programs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1452-1459
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• 2007

The Dps protein, which is overexpressed in harsh environments, is known to playa critical role in the protection of DNA against oxidative stresses. In this study, the roles of Fur in the expression of the dps gene in Salmonella and the protection mechanisms against oxidative stress in Salmonella cells preexposed to iron-stress were investigated. Two putative Fur boxes were predicted within the promoter region of the S. typhimurium dps gene. The profile of dps expression performed by the LacZ reporter assay revealed growth-phase dependency regardless of iron-status under the culture conditions. The fur mutant, $_X4659$, evidenced a reduced level of ${\beta}$-galactosidase as compared to the wild-type strain. The results observed after the measurement of the Dps protein in various Salmonella regulatory mutants were consistent with the results acquired in the reporter assay. This evidence suggested that Fur performs a function as a subsidiary regulator in the expression of dps. The survival ability of Salmonella strains after exposure to oxidative stress demonstrated that the Dps protein performs a pivotal function in the survival of stationary-phase S. typhimurium against oxidative stress. Salmonella cells grown in iron-restricted condition required Dps for full protection against oxidative stress. The CK24 (${\Delta}dps$) cells grown in iron-replete condition survived at a rate similar to that observed in the wild-type strain, thereby suggesting the induction of an unknown protection mechanism(s) other than Dps in this condition.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2017

Background: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. Results: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. Conclusion: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2009

To examine the differential expression of proteins during the cycling (70~80% confluences) and G0/G1 (full confluences) phases in porcine fetal fibroblast cells, we used a global proteomics approach by 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-MS. Cycling cell were harvested at approximately 70% to 80% confluent state while cells in G0/G1 phase were recovered after maintenance of a confluent state for 48 hr. Cellular proteins with isoelectric points ranging between 3.0~10.0, were analyzed by 2-DE with 2 replicates of each sample. A total of approximately 700 spots were detected by 2.D gels stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. On comparing the cell samples obtained from the cycling and G0/G1 phases, a total of 13 spots were identified as differentially expressed proteins, of which 8 spots were up-regulated in the cycling cell and 5 were up-regulated in the G0/G1 phase. Differentially expressed proteins included K3 keratin, similar to serine protease 23 precursor, protein disulfide-isomerase A3, microsomal protease ER-60, alpha-actinin-2, and heat-shock protein 90 beta. The identified proteins were grouped on the basis of their basic functions such as molecular binding, catabolic, cell growth, and transcription regulatory proteins. Our results show expression profiles of key proteins in porcine fetal fibroblast cells during different cell cycle status.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2006

Dlx5 and Osx are master regulatory proteins essential for initiating the cascade leading to osteoblast differentiation in mammals, but the mechanism of osteoblast-specific expression is not fully understood. DNA methylation at CpG sequences is involved in tissue and cell type-specific gene expression. We investigated the methylation status of Dlx5 and Osx in osteogenic and nonosteogenic cell lines by methylationspecific PCR (MSP). The CpG dinucleotides of the Dlx5 and Osx promoter regions were unmethylated in osteogenic cell lines transcribing these genes but methylated in nonosteogenic cell lines. Treatment of C2C12 cells with 5-AzadC induced dose- and timedependent expression of Dlx5 and Osx mRNA by demethylating the corresponding promoters. Furthermore the mRNAs for the osteoblast markers ALP and OC, which were undetectable in untreated cells, gradually increased after 5-AzadC treatment. In addition, BMP-2 stimulation induced Dlx5 expression by hypomethylating its promoter. These findings suggest that DNA methylation plays an important role in cell type-specific expression of Dlx5 and Osx.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2008

The embryonic germ cell (EGCs) of mice is a kind of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated from pre- and post-migratory primordial germ cells (PGCs). Most previous studies on DNA methylation of EGCs were restricted to 12.5 days post coitum (dpc). This study was designed to establish and characterize murine EGC lines from migrated PGCs as late as 13.5 dpc and to estimate the degrees of methylation of their imprinted genes as well as of the non-imprinted locus, Oct4, using an accurate and quantitative method of measurement. We established five independent EGC lines from post migratory PGCs of 11.5-13.5 dpc from C57BL/6 ${\times}$ DBA/2 F1 hybrid mouse fetuses. All the EGCs exhibited the typical features of pluripotent cells including hypomethylation of the Oct4 regulatory region. We examined the methylation status of three imprinted genes; Igf2, Igf2r and H19 in the five EGC lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis. Igf2r was almost unmethylated in all the EGC lines irrespective of the their sex and stage of isolation; Igf2 and H19 were more methylated than Igf2r, especially in male EGCs. Moreover, EGCs derived at 13.5 dpc exhibited higher levels of DNA methylation than those from earlier stages. These results suggest that in vitro derived EGCs acquire different epigenotypes from their parental in vivo migratory PGCs, and that sex-specific de novo methylation occurs in the Igf2 and H19 genes of EGCs.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

In many fish species, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), gonadal development occurs at the expense of stored energy and nutrients. Therefore, reproductive systems are inhibited by limited food supply. It has been well established that reproductive function is highly sensitive to both metabolic status and energy balance. Nothing is known about the possible mediated connection between energy balance and reproduction. Kisspeptin, a neuropeptide product of the Kiss gene has emerged as an essential gatekeeper of reproduction and may be possibly be linked to energy balance and reproduction in non-mammalians. Thus, in this study, the effect of fasting (10 days) on the expression of kisspeptin and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene were assessed in Nile tilapia (male and female) using qRT-PCR. In addition, plasma levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in adult tilapia were measured by ELISA. In male tilapia, fasting reduced Kiss2 and GnRH I mRNA expression in the brain and 11-KT level in comparison with the fed tilapia (p < 0.05). In females, however, there were no significant differences in GnRH I mRNA expression and $E_2$ between fish subjected to fasting and those fed (p > 0.05). These data indicate the impact of nutritional states on kisspeptin as a potential regulatory mechanism for the control of reproduction in male Nile tilapia.