• Title/Summary/Keyword: Regulation of false

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An exploratory study on the Press Arbitration Act, freedom of expression, and regulation of false and manipulated information (언론중재법과 표현의 자유 그리고 허위·조작 정보의 규제에 대한 탐색적 연구)

  • Kim, Jea-young
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.71-97
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    • 2021
  • The meaning of the amendment to the Media Arbitration Act in our society is not limited to media companies. And it's not just a problem for a specific group. It expresses public value because it is an issue that can affect members of society as a whole and furthermore, it becomes a bill that can infringe or strengthen individual freedom guaranteed by the Constitution, but makes different arguments. Freedom of speech is not achieved in a day and should not be easily lost by someone. Although it is not a frequent problem, fatal threats arising from wrong media reports take away an individual's present and future. It is because of this problem that the responsibility is important. Freedom of speech and control are heading in different directions, but they are the same as the front and back of the coin. The freedom pursued is different, but it consists of one body. If freedom and responsibility of speech made up of one body criticize or ignore each other, the results are scattered into a distorted On the other hand, the flexion of responsibility without freedom serves as a speaker that conveys the ideology of some classes or represents the interests of a particular group. The fact that the media should act as the air of society means that it should represent the interests of the majority, make them aware of the rights of unfair or marginalized members, and be their strength.

The Effects of Auto-mobile Tinting upon Driver's Responses (자동차 창유리의 가시광선 투과율에 따른 운전반응의 정확도)

  • Doug-Woong Hahn;Kun-Seok Park
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.77-99
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of auto-mobile tinting upon driver's cognitive responses and behaviors through two laboratory experiments, a field experiment and a traffic accident data. The results of two laboratory experiments showed that there were higher false alarm responses under the conditions of 65%, 50%, 35% tinting level than thoses under the 100% level condition. It was also shown that the drivers who had bad sight made more missing responses than the drivers who had normal vision. The main results of the laboratory experiment were repliceted through both the field experiment and the survey research of car accidents. The results of this study were discussed in terms of the previous studies performed abroad. We strongly suggested 70% tinting level as a regulation standard for safe driving and the strategies for implementing the regulation rule.

Policy Tasks in the Enforcement of the Police Order With Regard to Electronic Security (기계경비업무 감독명령 시행의 정책과제)

  • Ha, Kyungsu;Lee, Sangchul
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.200-207
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    • 2014
  • In this research, The Police Order No. 2013-1, which is 'Electronic Security 112 Report Standards,' was analyzed and the relevant policy tasks were presented. The policy tasks to achieve the purpose of the selective report system are as follows. First, in order to construct the statistics base, the establishment of the terms related to false alarm and false call, emergency button, and sensing signal and the development of the appropriate term to replace the electronic security guard are needed. Second, the electronic security companies should build the response system to abide by the 112 report standards of the police order. Third, the police should reexamine the establishment of the emergency report objects of the selective report system. Fourth, the reinforcement of the administrative regulation and supervision to enforce the police order strictly is required.

Transcriptional Alteration of p53 Related Processes As a Key Factor for Skeletal Muscle Characteristics in Sus scrofa

  • Kim, Seung-Soo;Kim, Jung-Rok;Moon, Jin-Kyoo;Choi, Bong-Hwan;Kim, Tae-Hun;Kim, Kwan-Suk;Kim, Jong-Joo;Lee, Cheol-Koo
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.565-573
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    • 2009
  • The pig could be a useful model to characterize molecular aspects determining several delicate phenotypes because they have been bred for those characteristics. The Korean native pig (KNP) is a regional breed in Korea that was characterized by relatively high intramuscular fat content and reddish meat color compared to other western breeds such as Yorkshire (YS). YS grew faster and contained more lean muscle than KNP. We compared the KNP to Yorksire to find molecular clues determining muscle characteristics. The comparison of skeletal gene expression profiles between these two breeds showed molecular differences in muscle. We found 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) defined by fold change (more than 1.5 fold difference) and statistical significance (within 5% of false discovery rate). Functional analyses of these DEGs indicated up-regulation of most genes involved in cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of most genes involved in cellular differentiation and its inhibition, down-regulation of most genes encoding component of muscular-structural system, and up-regulation of most genes involved in diverse metabolism in KNP. Especially, DEGs in above-mentioned categories included a large number of genes encoding proteins directly or indirectly involved in p53 pathway. Our results indicated a possible role of p53 to determine muscle characteristics between these two breeds.

The humidifier disinfectant case and the legislative challenges of the 20th Congress

  • Park, Taehyun
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.31
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    • pp.15.1-15.6
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    • 2016
  • A number of absurdities surrounding the humidifier disinfectant (HD) incident may have occurred because 1) a judicial system operates on the underlying false assumption that the involved parties are equals in knowledge, information and resource mobilization capabilities, regardless of respective real status as company or individual; 2) there is a lack of a system that mandates a company to prevent and actively manage possible catastrophes; 3) the regulatory scheme makes companies believe that as long as they are complying with the existing regulations, they have satisfied all of their responsibilities. I believe that this issue is an opportunity to bring about changes in the judicial redress system, the system of internal management of manufacturers, and the regulatory system of the government. The following regulation amendments are needed to move towards the changes stated above. First, legislation relating to victim relief that is applicable to the HD incident must be established. Second, a risk management system must be formed within the manufacturing company and to this end an institutional environment for the system must be established within regulatory framework. Furthermore, legislation must be passed that could punish companies themselves that have caused severe damage to individuals because they had failed to take necessary actions to avoid foreseeable harm. Finally, the framework of regulation must be changed so that the company, who has the necessary information regarding the product and the component chemicals used in the product, must self-directed experiment and assessment of the safety of their own products.

Toxicity Prediction using Three Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (QSAR) Programs (TOPKAT®, Derek®, OECD toolbox) (TOPKAT®, Derek®, OECD toolbox를 활용한 화학물질 독성 예측 연구)

  • Lee, Jin Wuk;Park, Seonyeong;Jang, Seok-Won;Lee, Sanggyu;Moon, Sanga;Kim, Hyunji;Kim, Pilje;Yu, Seung Do;Seong, Chang Ho
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.457-464
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is one of the effective alternatives to animal testing, but its credibility in terms of toxicity prediction has been questionable. Thus, this work aims to evaluate its predictive capacity and find ways of improving its credibility. Methods: Using $TOPKAT^{(R)}$, OECD toolbox, and $Derek^{(R)}$, all of which have been applied world-wide in the research, industrial, and regulatory fields, an analysis of prediction credibility markers including accuracy (A), sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), false negative (FN), and false positive (FP) was conducted. Results: The multi-application of QSARs elevated the precision credibility relative to individual applications of QSARs. Moreover, we found that the type of chemical structure affects the credibility of markers significantly. Conclusions: The credibility of individual QSAR is insufficient for both the prediction of chemical toxicity and regulation of hazardous chemicals. Thus, to increase the credibility, multi-QSAR application, and compensation of the prediction deviation by chemical structure are required.

Identification of Caenorhabditis elegans MicroRNA Targets Using a Kernel Method

  • Lee, Wha-Jin;Nam, Jin-Wu;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Zhang, Byoung-Tak
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2005
  • Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs found in various organisms such as plants and mammals. However, most of the mRNAs regulated by miRNAs are unknown. Furthermore, miRNA targets in genomes cannot be identified by standard sequence comparison since their complementarity to the target sequence is imperfect in general. In this paper, we propose a kernel-based method for the efficient prediction of miRNA targets. To help in distinguishing the false positives from potentially valid targets, we elucidate the features common in experimentally confirmed targets. Results The performance of our prediction method was evaluated by five-fold cross-validation. Our method showed 0.64 and 0.98 in sensitivity and in specificity, respectively. Also, the proposed method reduced the number of false positives by half compared with TargetScan. We investigated the effect of feature sets on the classification of miRNA targets. Finally, we predicted miRNA targets for several miRNAs in the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) database. Condusions The targets predicted by the suggested method will help in validating more miRNA targets and ultimately in revealing the role of small RNAs in the regulation of genomes. Our algorithm for miRNA target site detection will be able to be improved by additional experimental­knowledge. Also, the increase of the number of confirmed targets is expected to reveal general structural features that can be used to improve their detection.

Calibrating Thresholds to Improve the Detection Accuracy of Putative Transcription Factor Binding Sites

  • Kim, Young-Jin;Ryu, Gil-Mi;Park, Chan;Kim, Kyu-Won;Oh, Berm-Seok;Kim, Young-Youl;Gu, Man-Bok
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 2007
  • To understand the mechanism of transcriptional regulation, it is essential to detect promoters and regulatory elements. Various kinds of methods have been introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of regulatory elements. Since there are few experimentally validated regulatory elements, previous studies have used criteria based solely on the level of scores over background sequences. However, selecting the detection criteria for different prediction methods is not feasible. Here, we studied the calibration of thresholds to improve regulatory element prediction. We predicted a regulatory element using MATCH, which is a powerful tool for transcription factor binding site (TFBS) detection. To increase the prediction accuracy, we used a regulatory potential (RP) score measuring the similarity of patterns in alignments to those in known regulatory regions. Next, we calibrated the thresholds to find relevant scores, increasing the true positives while decreasing possible false positives. By applying various thresholds, we compared predicted regulatory elements with validated regulatory elements from the Open Regulatory Annotation (ORegAnno) database. The predicted regulators by the selected threshold were validated through enrichment analysis of muscle-specific gene sets from the Tissue-Specific Transcripts and Genes (T-STAG) database. We found 14 known muscle-specific regulators with a less than a 5% false discovery rate (FDR) in a single TFBS analysis, as well as known transcription factor combinations in our combinatorial TFBS analysis.

Improvement Plan for Material Safety Data Sheet Policy to Support the Realization of Chemical Regulation (화학물질 규제 현실화를 위한 물질안전보건자료 정책 개선방안)

  • Woo Sub Shim;Yoo Jin Ahn
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.365-374
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    • 2023
  • Objectives: After the MSDS submission and non-disclosure review system was introduced in January 2021, there were compliance difficulties in the field. Accordingly, for the establishment of the MSDS system, the government intends to investigate what has been improved and what urgently needs to be improved in the future, and to suggest detailed improvement plans. Methods: The background and problems of urgent difficulties in the field handling chemicals were investigated, and realistic improvement plans were derived through review of other laws related to the MSDS system and overseas cases. Results: In order to guarantee the safety of the public while at the same time promoting corporate R&D, it is necessary to alleviate the non-disclosure screening system for chemical substances for R&D, and to improve the irrationality of failing to implement the non-disclosure screening system due to information on unclassified substances being circulated. For this reason, it seems necessary to ease the requirement to submit all ingredients. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen punishment to raise awareness so that health problems do not occur due to the harmfulness and danger of hidden substances among workers who handle chemical substances and downstream users due to false descriptions in MSDS. Conclusions: All members of our society, including chemical manufacturers/importers and handling companies, academia, civil society, and the government, each subject of chemicals, should take an interest in the entire process from production to disposal of chemicals and work together to prevent harm to the public.

Study on Effective Sensing Algorithm for Distinction between DTV and CR Systems (DTV와 CR 시스템의 구별을 위한 효과적 알고리즘)

  • Lee, So-Young;Kim, Yoon-Hyun;Kim, Jin-Young
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2009
  • Cognitive radio (CR), which is proposed as a technology that utilizes the frequency resources effectively, has studied to relive scarcity of the frequency resources. Also, FCC revises the regulation to reuse the TV white spaces for applying CR system and allows to use the TV white spaces by CR devices and use of CR device may be regularized after conversion by DTV in 2009. If CR system's signal appeared in pilot's position, pilot sensing performs false alarm detection because pilot sensing scheme confuse DTV signal and CR system. In order to improve false alarm detection, we propose distinction scheme between DTV and CR system using PN511 sequence in this paper.

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