• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.279-290
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• 2002

This paper explores the impact of public financing for recycling firms on output, using a specific case study of Korea. To this end, we employ a production function approach and apply generalized method of moment estimation technique. The results show that the impact appears to be not only positive but also statistically significant, and more interestingly the estimate for financed capital is numerically larger than that for non-financed capital.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Depletion of natural resources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are an important issue which we have to solve. The recycling of waste has emerged as a global concern. In Korea, the development of cost-effective treatment and recycling technologies also need to be improved. In this study, we compared and analyzed the cost per unit of treatment and recycling of organic waste, and presented an effective recycling scheme. We investigated the current status of treatment and costs for six types of organic wastes from 80 workplaces, including organic wastewater treatment sludge, processed organic sludge, and plant residues. In addition, environmental costs for greenhouse gas reduction were calculated. It's an economic way that organic waste is composted and used as cement additives. In particular, the economic analysis was done by realistic results of the survey target companies. In conclusion, in order for reliable processing and recycling of organic wastes, wastewater treatment sludge and sewage sludge need to be classified based on hazard characteristics. Finally, technical difficulties need to be further resolved such as odors, leachate, and debris on recycling organic wastes.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

Used aluminum beverage can(UBC) is an important secondary resource. Domestic recycling rate of UBC should be increased from the standpoint of resource savings and environmental protection. Aluminum can to can recycling is divided into two steps. The first step was composed of the processes such as collection of used beverage cans, shredding, magnetic separation, de-lacquring, melting and casting. The second is remelting and casting, heat treatment, hot and cold rolling, annealing, and can making. With brief discussion about this recycling technology, this article covers aluminum can consumption, the present state of aluminum can recycling in Korea, Japan, USA, and Europe.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

This study is conducted to find out the problems of the public food waste recycling facility operation and its improvement. In order to save the national budget by analyzing plans to expand including operation rate for the food waste recycling facility, the alternative ways are suggested. The result can be as follows: Policy switch is required not only to save budget and stable disposal of food waste but also to promote resource recycling rather than expanding public facilities. In order to change the policy for stable and eco-friendly disposal of food waste, it is necessary to adopt semipublic system that prevent the decline of the rate of operation of private resource recycling facility. Furthermore, it is required to prepare both qualified technologies of public resource recycling and the ways of profitability secure.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as "the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value." Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

This study is conducted to find out the problem of the public food waste recycling facility and its improvement. By using an operation status analysis, an economic analysis was done to check up on its feasibility in comparison with an investment in the food waste recycling facility currently in use, thereby proposing the possible alternatives to prevent the national budgets form wasting with witless construction of the new facilities. As a result, it is considered necessary to come up with an effective plan for establishing the public resource facility, strengthen criteria for government subsidies being used up on the public resource facility, and enact an independent law of the food waste.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.407-411
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• 2005

In this research, we develop 3D online racing game to aid the comprehension about resource recycling, in the way of provoking children's interest and satisfying scientific curiosity, using 3D graphic editor and DirectX programming tool. This game is developed for children to experience the collection and classification procedure of recycling resources by only taking part in a game naturally, and to learn recycling-process contents produced using animation technique. Especially, we make this game to utilize it as an educational and public medium at home and abroad, and to interchange with foreign institutes, by offering korean version as well as english version. As a result, this game can be used as educational contents about resource recycling, because it is developed in the style that children can enjoy it directly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.92-97
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• 2004

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2018

The rapid increase in the consumption of products that contain rare metals has highlighted the importance of recycling and recovering resources from these products when they enter the waste stream. Among various metal resources that can be recovered, this study analyzes the waste streams of cobalt and palladium to determine how their waste resource circulation can be improved at each stage of the waste stream. The findings of this study point to improvements and strategies that can be made at individual stages. First, at the discharge/import stage, the implementation of tariff quotas for specific recycled metal resources is suggested to allow the systemic categorization of waste metals as resources. At the collection/discarding stage, a major problem is the instability in the supply of scrap metals, which may be better managed by changing the bidding process for the scrap metals. At the pretreatment stage, possible areas for improvement are uncovered concerning technical areas, such as technological development and improving the efficiency of material recycling, as well as policy-wise, for instance, expanding the regulation for manufacturers to produce products that are designed to facilitate resource recovery, increasing incentive for closed recycling, and refining the guidelines and standards for recycling. At the resource recovery stage, as the waste metal recycling industry consists of businesses that vary in size, policies to promote cooperation and coexistence between large and smaller enterprises will benefit the industry in the long-run. Lastly, at the product production/export stage, a tariff on exporting waste resources that contain cobalt and palladium will help control the amount of waste metals that are shipped abroad.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.89-99
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• 2013

Purpose - The purpose of this research was to examine the regulation and distribution channel of second-hand goods in cross-border trade in order to propose methods of protecting consumers through the international standardization of the intensifying second-hand trade and resource recycling. Research design, data, methodology - This study first defines several concepts relevant to research in international second-hand goods. Second, a questionnaire and interviews were conducted with manufacturers of second-hand toner cartridges and automobile parts to identify the current status of export and manufacturing. Results - The study proposes the international standardization of second-hand goods and waste to protect consumers and promote efficient resource recycling. Conclusions - The results of the study reveal that second-hand goods (except automobiles) do not have an HSK code to use for import/export data collection. Though used car exports are declining, used cars are increasing. Collecting data on used car parts is impossible because the buyers purchase and ship the second-hand parts.