• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제33권
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• pp.182-208
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• 2000

Kwan-gyongdo is a pictorial presentation of a $s{\bar{u}}tra$ that teaches the Buddhist way for a person to be reincarnated in the paradise of $Amit{\bar{a}}bha$ Buddha. It consists of a preface (Kwan-gyong sobun pyonsangdo) and 16 scenes of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ preaching. The preface, a painting illustrating the motivation behind the production of tile kwan-gyongdo, illustrates the "Legend of King $Aj{\bar{a}}tasatru$", a tragic story in which the prince of India's Magadha kingdom murders his father, the king, to usurp the throne. The 16 subsequent scenes show $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ teaching the distressed queen how a person can be reborn in paradise through meditation and praying. In the kwan-gyongdo in the Mogao Cave No. 17 in Dunhuang, China, painted during the Tang dynasty (618-907), the preface and the 16 scenes are presented in one painting, whereas they are presented in two paintings in those painted in Korea during the Koryo period (918-1392). The difference is attributed to the stylistic disparity of the two periods. Despite the temporal gap between the Koryo paintings and the Mogao Cave paintings, a comparison of the two can show the characteristic development of kwan-gyongdo. Kwan-gyongdo of the Koryo period do not have the "enmity created in the previous life" scene featuring a heavenly figure and a hare, a result that shows the influence of the Tang school that deleted the scene. The scene of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ preaching on the Mountain of Spirit is included in kwan-gyongdo of both the Koryo period and the Mogao Cave, but the scene of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ emerging from the earth to the Magadha palace is not included in Koryo kwan-gyongdo. Kwan-gyongdo of Koryo are generally a simpler but more faithful rendering of the $s{\bar{u}}tra$.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2018

The United States understood the fostering of pro-U.S. elites in "free world" countries as an important Cold War weapon. From 1954 to 1962, the U.S provided considerable assistance to Seoul National University (SNU) for its postwar rehabilitation and future development in terms of repair and construction of campus buildings, equipment and book purchases, and faculty exchanges. With the aid of this educational assistance project widely known as the Minnesota Project, SNU was reborn with an academic orientation to the U.S., separating itself from the Japanese education that was its origin. This study argues that the Minnesota Project played an important role in crafting SNU's architecture program and the exchange program's recipients as key "knowledge brokers." For individual trainees, experience in the U.S., as opposed to a backwards situation in their homeland, had allowed them to recognize the U.S. as an ideal source of knowledge. Since the Minnesota Project, SNU's Architectural Engineering Department was filled with faculty members who had trained or studied in the U.S., which became a significant distinction of SNU's architecture program in sharp contrast to its counterparts at Hanyang University and Hongik University where most of the faculty members studied in Japan during the Japanese colonial period. As many graduates of SNU had been appointed as faculty members in newly-founded architecture programs in South Korea, a hierarchical diffusion path had emerged in architectural education that led from SNU to other school's architecture programs, with the U.S. at the apex. The legacy of the Minnesota Project extended over the next few decades, in which studying architecture in the U.S. was recognized as a shortcut to success in the field.

• 영어영문학
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.561-577
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• 2008

L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables is not only confidently labelled a Canadian classic but also placed as a national icon along with the moose, the beaver, and the Habs in Canada. Anne's 'Canadianness' is partly due to its location in the rural world of Prince Edward Island. The fictional Avonlea is described as the ideal space where Canadian spirit can interact with the personified surrounding landscapes through Celtic imagination. Additionally, the communal bond of Avonlea fully demonstrates Scottish Canadian identities. The Scottish national character of Avonlea is responsible for clannishness of the Cuthberts and the Lyndes. The disrespect to the French is also due to Scottish heritage in Avonlea. As an outsider Anne wants to be integrated into the community of Avonlea, and successfully adapts herself to the regional shared values. Meanwhile she partly challenges the strictness and rigidness of the born Canadian Avonlea residents. Despite its Canadian origin, Anne of Green Gables is accepted as part of the American canon of children's literature in the Unite States. The configuration of Anne as an American heroine is noticeable among American scholars: by relocating it to the US the female Bildungsroman in the nineteenth century America, a group of literary critics adapt Anne as an American girl for American readers. The heroine of Anne of Green Gables is linked to American novels such as Louisa May Alcott's Little Women, Kate Douglas Wiggin's Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm and Gene Stratten Porter's A Girl of the Limberlost. Anne is even classified as another Caddie by American literary critics: Anne is placed at the center of Caddie Woodlawn Syndrome as another Wisconsin pioneer child. Canadian identity of Anne is intentionally excluded and Anne was reborn as an American girl in the U.S. In this context, Anne functions as a sign of nation and a site for cross-national identity formation.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.553-580
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• 2011

This article addresses how the British Empire administered the discipline of space in nineteenth century Ireland. Space control is a part of modern disciplinary practices. I approach this issue in light of the two modern mapping of space: the geometric mapping of space and the Romantic mapping of space. The former, as seen in map-making, is characterized by imposing a standardized, stratified grid on space by eliminating local characteristics of nature. On the other hand, the latter, as shown in picturesque landscaping, aims to balance a close-up observation of nature and a far-sighted view of it, with the result of creating an ironic tension of local diversity and perspectival totality. These modern disciplinary projects of space repeat themselves in the British management of the colonized Irish territory. As the British conquer other lands, they put to good use both geometric and Romantic disciplinary methods of space. Supervising the Ordnance Survey of Ireland from 1824 to 1846, Thomas Frederick Colby, British Director of Ordnance Survey, made a mathematically strict and scientific mapping of Ireland as a scale of six inches to one mile. Parallelled to this geometric colonization of space, the Romantic colonization of space is efficiently used for the Empire's management of Ireland as well. British tourists and pro-unionist Anglo-Irish landed gentries transform it into the nature of picturesque beauty; Ireland's wild boglands turn aesthetically into desolate but beautiful scenery. Picturesque landscape in England is reborn as an aesthetics of desolation in Ireland.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2022

본 연구는 푸코가 <주체의 해석학>에서 조명한 '자기 배려'에서 코로나19 팬데믹 시대의 윤리적 삶의 기술들을 도출하는 데 목적을 두었다. 자기 배려는 자기가 자기와 맺는 관계로서 타자와 맺는 관계로 확대된다. 자기 배려는 자기 변형을 통해 타인과의 관계를 재조정하고 사회를 변화시키는 실천 윤리이다. 본 연구는 신자유주의의 또 다른 통치에 대항하여 개인이 실현할 수 있는 자기 배려의 삶을 위한 구체적 실천 양식들을 도출하고자 하였다. 그 구체적 실천양식은 지배적 생각과 거리 두기, 주체적 사유의 연습과 글쓰기로 나를 형성하기, 앎을 일상에서 실천하기, '굽어보는 시선' 의 연습이다. 이러한 자기 배려의 실천 양식들은 자기를 점검하고 변형하는 데 있어 타자와 세계를 의식 속으로 포섭한다. 따라서 자기 배려를 통해 팬데믹 시대의 개인들은 자기에게 충실한, 자기본위적 삶을 구축하면서 사회를 변화시키는 구성원으로서 거듭날 수 있다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2021

Upcycling is a sustainable way to recycle waste resources and solve the global problem of environmental pollution. Upcycling is now attracting attention as fiberization and the disposal of waste clothing have become a serious issue. However, the customer's willingness to purchase upcycled products should be increased by propagating that the product value of a reborn commodity is of high value; these products are meant for new purposes and prepared with recycled materials. In this study, we created 11 designer items by applying an eco-friendly concept in the design process of upcycled textiles and products. From 2020 to 2021, a PBL(Problem Based Learning) curriculum was taught in design planning classes. The final 11 design items were derived after developing an eco-friendly product design for upcycled textiles. These final items were as follows: 5 fashion bags, 3 dog products, 1 clothing, 1 fashion accessory, and 1 sanitary mask design. In order to develop only one aesthetic design idea for upcycling, we considered the following features: user-centered convenience, functionality, and practicality. Then, tie-dye, drawing, patchwork, and embroidery were used to create innovative design items. The product design of recycled materials is based on high functionality, waterproofing, and the use of organic natural materials. The results of this study indicate that the creative product design of upcycling has contributed to a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. Related research studies must be conducted for innovating the continuous design process of the future.

• 농촌계획
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2022

Korea's rapid urbanization caused problems, such as destruction of the rural environment, loss of traditional culture and dissolution of communities, as the continuous outflow of the population from rural areas, aging and consequent labor shortages and deterioration of the living environment were connected like a vicious cycle. In order to solve the problems of rural areas and overcome their vulnerabilities, the ultimate goal is to find a way to reintroduce the population to the rural areas. In order to be reborn as a space with rural characteristics and pluralistic functions and various potentials in a space under threat of underdevelopment and extinction, the pushing factor from rural areas is improved, and the population inflow factor to the rural areas is improved to enhance rural attractiveness, focusing on creativity among the 4Cs of New Ruralism: Conservation, Cultivation, Community, Creativity. A case study of 'Creative space in rural areas' was studied and considered. In-depth interviews were conducted with four key stakeholders, and the research results were analyzed focusing on the grounded theory method to draw implications from the background of Gurye Natural Dream Park, characteristics that can be viewed as creative spaces, and examples of creative space creation in rural areas. The 'Creative space in rural areas' is a space that can solve the current issues and problems of rural areas. In the case of Gurye Natural Dream Park, the young population of Gurye is increasing through job creation, provision of living and cultural service facilities, and improvement of the education and medical environment. In this study, the existing rural problem-solving process in this process was viewed as creativity in rural areas.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2023

첨단 과학기술 강군으로 군(軍) 조직이 거듭나기 위해서는 과학기술의 빠른 발전속도에 맞춰 군에 접목이 가능한 과학기술을 식별하고, 이를 신속하게 군(軍) 조직에 적용할 수 있어야 하며 이는 첨단 무기체계의 신속한 획득을 위해 소요군이 중심이 되는 국방R&D 기획체계의 변화가 필요하다는 공감대가 확산되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 측면에서 현 정부의 국방정책을 성공적으로 달성하기 위해서는 국방에 필요한 첨단 무기체계가 신속하게 소요제기부터 획득까지 연계되도록 첨단 과학기술 군으로 발전하기 위한 국방기획 및 제도·조직과 기능을 면밀히 살펴보고 전력증강 및 운영 체계에 대한 재정비를 실시해야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 '국방혁신 4.0'을 통해 우리나라 군 조직이 첨단과학기술을 접목한 고효율 국방운영 체계에 제언하는 바이며 더불어 본 연구에 이어 관련한 후속연구가 이루어지길 바란다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.383-398
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• 2009

Based on the Greek myth of Pygmalion and the fairy tale of Cinderella, Shaw's Pygmalion demonstrates a masterful coalescence of these two narrative motifs into a coherent plot scheme. Even more significant is his keen insight into the conflicts created at the tripartite intersection of human activity concerning language/class/culture, which, as the leitmotif, revolves around lessons in language learning. This play basically deals with human transformation and by its very nature, Higgins's experimentation with transforming Eliza cannot stop at language alone. Her cultural transformation ripples over into the realms of gesture and even a unique way of living (modus vivendi) intimately associated with taste and manners, which Bourdieu terms as habitus. By acquiring a new fashion and language, Eliza is reborn as a new lady aspiring to be filled with a newly acquired habitus. While separating her from her old Cockney style, Higgins inculcates Queen's English in Eliza, in which process her changed speech styles gradually transforms and restructures her deportment and manners, finally generating new practices, perceptions and attitudes. The gist of Pygmalion is however less Eliza's ascent into the middle class than her battle for symbolic capital waged at the level of language. By problematizing his contemporary practice of habitus conventionalized and warped by class distinctions based on economic, social and cultural capitals, Shaw creates a new humanist model of man founded on spiritual and rational virtues. In conclusion, Eliza is not a frigid Galatea but a dynamic character that goes through a brilliant transformation of three stages: 1) linguistic; 2) cultural, and 3) humanist. Finally she is built into a "consort battleship" on an equal standing with her sculptor. The process of her character-building cannot be illuminated without resorting to the dynamic notion of habitus, which highlights the process of inculcation, structuring, generation and transposing. Given the overwhelming weight of the heroine's role and the dynamic process of her transformation as the major plot scheme, this play should be christened Galatea in lieu of Pygmalion.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제16권
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• pp.59-76
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• 2005

The inner and outer environment surrounding companies becomes more insecure and unpredictable due to sudden changes. Because the change of environment surrounding companies can deeply affect the existence of companies, continuous innovation of organization is required to develope management ability. Also, to conquer insecure present and future of companies effectively, organizations of companies have voluntarily coped with insecurities and intense competitions through endless organization innovation. Externally, globalization, openness, and relaxed regulation intensify competitions; consumers' requests get varied; consciousness of members of organizations have changed. Due to those factors, companies are placed in a situation that they should practice endless inner innovation. Internally, competitive power has weakened due to decline in productivity and inefficiency of indirect parts of company has increased. From those factors, managers increasingly request inner innovation and pursue organization innovation for the purpose of effective usage of extra resources and being prepared for the future. The managers who operate organization innovation think that systematized approach to organization innovation is the most practical, and actually operate the thought. However, the negative side of the thought is not neglectable. To minimize inner and outer resistance and to operate organization innovation successfully, some innovation strategies that properly reflect several issues related to organization innovation should be prepared. Another words, organization innovation should be operated differently by cases that if it focuses on personal perspective or on organization's. For many cases of our country, several techniques of organization innovation have been adopted in a short time and operated without making its original use. Therefore, this study looks into major Issues that should be considered for more successful operation of organization innovation, from both personal aspect and organizational aspect. When considering such aspects and operate organization innovation, there is more possibility to succeed on organization innovation. Now, Korean companies have overcame trial period and reborn as global companies. Take warnings by the ordeal under IMF administration, this is time to secure international competitive power by using developed innovation techniques and transform to superior company. Managers need to recognize that to try successful organization innovation is the shortcut to reborn as competitive company, and should take a continuous and profound search for decisive factors to succeed on organization innovation. To operate successful organization innovation, first, at the step of planning organization. innovation, the company should understand the company's capability, position in market and relationship with competitors. Then, the company should establish a distinguished innovation strategy which is of the whole company's aspect, so that the company can freely choose various technique of organization innovation that suits for the company's capability and needs, and unfold the organization innovation movement. Establishing strategy in the aspect of the total company is very important because it offers clear focus of the purpose of adopt, priority and distribution of resources. Second, at the step of operating organization innovation, the company should define concrete purpose and method to evaluate the results that are expected to obtain by adopting organization innovation in advance. While pushing forward, the company should set proper time of examination(milestone) and inspect if expected results are shown. Third, at the step of afterward management of operating organization innovation, the company requires a thorough afterwards verification if targeted results are obtained and of confirmation of successful or failure factors. Also, the company should cultivate specialists in the company who can accumulate and continuously spread the know-how learned during organization innovation promotion, so the know-how don't remain only in certain departments or to a few people in charge. The company should also give effort to maintain the accumulated innovation techniques to be continued.